Characteristics of Chivor Mine

Chivor emeralds are famous for their colour, which shines even more strongly when they are held in half-light.

Crystal characteristics of Chivor emeralds

Crystals from Chivor are always longish and do not form clusters or aggregates.

Color differences and inclusions in emeralds from Chivor

Chivor emeralds have a lighter bluish-green colour and generally far fewer inclusions than Muzo emeralds. They have three-phase inclusions containing gas, fluid and crystals of halite together with pyrite and albite.

Matrix characteristics of Chivor emeralds

In the matrix of Chivor emeralds greyish shale is combined with grey calcite and layers of iron oxide and crystallised knots of pyrite. The matrix is fragile and has brown stains caused by iron oxide. Because of this fragility, fewer specimens with the matrix still intact are found in Chivor.

Geologically speaking, Colombian emeralds are said to be the purest emeralds in the world because Colombian emerald deposits are the only ones on earth found in sedimentary host rock rather than in Igneous rock. The tectonic movements that created the Andes Mountains force the raw materials of emeralds—beryllium, chromium, and vanadium—found in the ground into liquid and gaseous states. These materials, in such states, find their way into cracks in the already sedimentary medium surrounding them and then eventually cool and crystallize. A saline solution found in the sedimentary rock eventually washes out impurities such as iron that cloud other beryls from forming onto the crystallizing stone. This intricate process produces the emeralds found in the mines of Colombia.

An emerald is actually a beryllium stone that owes its special color to beryllium, chromium, and vanadium, all of which are chemical elements that are very scarce, and the reason for the color of an emerald. Colombian emeralds are much sought after, and not just because of their superb quality and color. A gem's value depends upon its size, purity, color and brilliance. Even when they are mined in the same area, each individual emerald has its own unique look that sets it apart from the rest. Dark green is considered to be the most beautiful, scarce, and valuable color for emeralds. An emerald of this color is considered rare and is only found in the deepest mines of Colombia.

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