Sapphire is a precious gemstone belonging to the corundum mineral family, which also includes rubies. While sapphires are most commonly associated with the color blue, they can naturally occur in a wide range of colors, including pink, yellow, green, and even colorless. The blue color, however, is the most iconic and highly prized, and it is caused by trace amounts of iron and titanium within the crystal structure.

Sapphires are known for their exceptional hardness, ranking 9 on the Mohs scale, making them the second hardest gemstone after diamond. This durability makes sapphires ideal for use in a variety of jewelry pieces, including rings, necklaces, and bracelets, where they can withstand daily wear.

The finest sapphires are characterized by their vibrant, deep blue hue, though lighter or more intense shades can also be valuable. The best quality sapphires are typically transparent, with minimal inclusions, though some natural inclusions (known as silk) are acceptable and can even enhance the gem’s appearance by increasing its luster.

Sapphires have been prized for centuries and have rich cultural significance in various cultures, often symbolizing wisdom, loyalty, and nobility. They are also the birthstone for September.

Sapphires are often cut into various shapes, with the cushion, oval, and round cuts being the most popular. Additionally, sapphires are sometimes treated with heat to enhance their color and clarity, a practice that is common in the gemstone industry.