Aboɔden abo Kɔkɔɔ ne Sikakɔkɔɔ: Aboɔden abo Kɔkɔɔ 27 a Wɔakyerɛw
Wɔka sɛ nea ɛhyerɛn nyinaa nyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ, nanso aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow nso ɛ ? Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛkɔ akɔhwɛ aboɔden aboɔ a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ ne kɔkɔɔ no din ne ne nkyerɛaseɛ nyinaa!
Enti, ahwehwɛ bɛn na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ? Momma yenwia yɛn ho nhwɛ yɛn aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a wɔahyehyɛ no:
Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Citrine a wɔde yɛ aduru
Lemon Quartz a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
Quartz a wɔde Rutilated ayɛ
Lemon Chrysoprase a ɛyɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no Chrysoprase
Amber na ɔkyerɛwee
Sikakɔkɔɔ Ahwehwɛ
Heliodor na ɔkyerɛwee
Chrysoberyl a wɔde yɛ aduru
Mali Garnet na ɔkyerɛwee
Scapolite a wɔfrɛ no Scapolite
Danburite a wɔde yɛ adwuma
Sikakɔkɔɔ Sphalerite
Apatite a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Safir Kɔkɔɔ (Pukhraj) .
Tourmaline a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Fluorite a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Jade a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Topaz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Zircon a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Jasper a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Londonni a ɔyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Owia ɔbo
Ogya Opal
Calcite a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Ɔsram Abo a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Aventurine a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Diamond a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Kɔla biara kura sɛnkyerɛnnede, enti dɛn na abo kɔkɔɔ kyerɛ? Ebia ɛsono, nanso ne nyinaa mu no, aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a ɛkyerɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda anigye, ahotoso, ne nyansa ntam.
Sɛ wɔde sa yare a, dɛn na ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ no ye ma? Yellow ayaresa ahwehwɛ betumi abue owia plexus chakra no na ama adwene, abotɔyam, ne anigye.
Yɛrenka ho asɛm bio, momma yɛnkɔ yɛn ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ a yɛakyerɛw no mu!
Citrine a wɔde yɛ aduru
Citrine yɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a agye din sen biara no mu biako , ɛwom sɛ ɛwɔ akutu ne bruu-akutu nso de. Mpɛn pii no, citrine kɔla fi dade mu—a ɛyɛ nwonwa, sɛ wususuw amethyst citrine abo a wɔde ɔhyew ayɛ a ɛwɔ gua so nyinaa ho a!
Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ owia hyew ne hann ho sɛnkyerɛnne nti, wɔde citrine ahwehwɛ adi dwuma fi tete de ada yiyedi adi na ama basabasayɛ ayɛ mmerɛw. Aboɔden abo no yɛ nnɛyi awobo ma November ne atetesɛm mu akyɛde a wɔde ma ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 13 !
Ebia woate aboɔden abo bi a wɔfrɛ no “lemon quartz” ho asɛm na woasusuw ho sɛ: nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda lemon quartz ne citrine ntam? Kenkan kɔ so na wubehu!
Lemon Quartz a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
Lemon quartz yɛ quartz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a wontumi nhu wɔ abɔde mu, ɛnte sɛ crystal citrine a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ abɔde mu no. Nsonsonoe atitiriw a ɛda citrine ne lemon quartz ntam ne:
Wɔnam ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma ne gamma-ray mframa nkutoo so na ɛyɛ lemon quartz .
Iron oxide wɔ citrine mu.
Lemon quartz da lemon-kɔla a ɛyɛ hare na ɛyɛ hyew adi a ɛwɔ ase yɛ ahabammono, nanso citrine wɔ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛtrɛw a ɛwɔ ase yɛ bruu.
Wɔ Brazil no, wɔde aguadi din Ouro Verde, Portugalfo asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma “sika kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ ahabammono” na ɛkɔ lemon quartz.
Wɔ metaphysics mu no, lemon quartz hyɛ boasetɔ, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, ne adwene mu pefeeyɛ ho nkuran. Ɔbo no nso yɛ ahotew, akɔnnɔ, ne ahoɔden ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nea ɛka ho no, nsoromma mu ahwɛfo binom ka mfaso a ɛwɔ lemon quartz so ho asɛm sɛ Gemini nsoromma mu hwɛ bo .
Quartz a wɔde Rutilated ayɛ
Rutilated quartz yɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ biako a mfiridwuma mu kɔla nnim. Nanso, sika kɔkɔɔ a wɔde aka ho wɔ mu a ebetumi ama ɔbo no ayɛ te sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla, a egyina sɛnea nneɛma a wɔde aka ho no dodow so.
Nneɛma a ɛka ɔbo no ho yɛ rutile, titanium dioxide bi, na ɛte sɛ nnade a ɛyɛ tratraa akuw a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo no mu. Sɛ rutile da nkyɛn a, ade titiriw a ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu ne quartz a silicon dioxide na ɛyɛ. Ɛmfa ho sɛ 1940 mfe no mu nkutoo na wohuu no, rutilated quartz anya abodin ahorow pii, a “Cupid’s darts” ne “Venus hair stone” ka ho.
Sikakɔkɔɔ asaawa a ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu ne tumi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ etumi ma mmeae a wobetumi anya honhom mu nkɔso mu ada hɔ no ma wɔde abodin foforo bae: “Nea Ɔhyerɛn.” Rutile nkutoo betumi aboa ma ankonamyɛ so atew, mfaso a quartz tumi a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse no ma ɛyɛ kɛse, na ɛma nea ɔhyɛ no nya ahotoso ne mpɔtam hɔfo.
Lemon Chrysoprase a ɛyɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no Chrysoprase
Edin “lemon chrysoprase” no kyerɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛnyɛ chrysoprase na mmom magnesite a nikel pii wom. Wɔsan frɛ aboɔden abo no citron chrysoprase, na ɛwɔ abodin ahorow a ɛyɛ nokware kɛse wɔ asase ho nimdeɛ mu, a lemon magnesite anaa nickeloan magnesite ka ho.
Lemon chrysoprase a ɛte sɛ nufusu ne kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono no ama wɔtaa frafra mu sɛ jadeite . Wɔn a wotu fam no huu aboɔden abo yi wɔ 1900 mfe no mfinimfini wɔ Australia Atɔe fam.
Ɔbo no ase nne a ɛyɛ ahabammono no ma ɛyɛ ɔbo kɛse a wɔde kari pɛ wɔ koma chakra no mu, ne anigye a ɛtwetwe anigye ne adwuma mu nkonimdi. Saa ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ yi yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Gemini ne awobo foforo ma May .
Amber na ɔkyerɛwee
Amber yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla, borɔdɔma, anaa bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Sɛ yɛka “abɔde” a, yɛkyerɛ sɛ amber yɛ aboɔden abo kakraa bi (a akorade ne ahwehwɛ ka ho) a abɔde a nkwa wom ayɛ no mu biako. Wɔ amber fam no, tete nnua yi ade bi a ɛyɛ resin fi mu de siw ntam kwan a ɛwɔ wɔn nnua mu a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ fossilize ma ɛbɛyɛ amber no ano.
Sɛnea wɔyɛɛ ɔbo no fi bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem 50 a atwam ni, na adanse kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔtraa ase ansa na abakɔsɛm reba no de aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no amber yɛɛ agude de guu adamoa mu. Ná ɛsono nea Amber kyerɛ wɔ tete amammerɛ mu, efi Chinafo gyidi a ɛne sɛ na ɔbo no kura asono kra so kosi Roma mmea a wɔhyɛ amber ahoni de hwɛ awo so, kosi Helafo a wɔtoo din elektron de kyerɛ “owia na ɛyɛe.”
Sɛ wopɛ ayaresa a, amber betumi abue owia plexus chakra no na ɛde wo abata abɔde ho. Amber nso yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Leo ne Taurus, ne November awobo foforo nso.
So aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a wɔmfa nnuru nni dwuma wom wɔ hɔ? Wobɛtow kyakya!
Sikakɔkɔɔ Ahwehwɛ
Te sɛ amber no, sika kɔkɔɔ nhwehwɛ yɛ nea nkwa wom. Oysters ne mussels yɛ nhene denam ade bi a wɔfrɛ no nacre a ɛkata nneɛma a ɛhyɛ abufuw te sɛ anhwea a akɔhyɛn abon no mu, na ɛbɔ abɔde no ho ban fi asiane ho no so. Sika kɔkɔɔ nhwehwɛ nyin wɔ sika kɔkɔɔ anofafa ahwehwɛ a efi Kesee Fam Po no mu mu na wɔfrɛ no sika kɔkɔɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kesee fam po mu nhwehwɛ.
Wɔ nhwene ahorow nyinaa mu no, sika kɔkɔɔ ahwehwɛ di kan wɔ bo ne ne kɛse mu. While south sea pearls aren’t usually treated , wɔyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ po mu ahwehwɛ bi a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ ho adwuma na ama wɔanya ne kɔla.
Sikakɔkɔɔ ahwehwɛ no sɛnkyerɛnnede no ne ɔbea ne ɔsram ahoɔden wɔ abusuabɔ. Vedic nkyerɛwee ahorow ka ahwehwɛ mfiase ho asɛm sɛ ɔsoro ne nsu a wɔde anyinam ayɛ aduru a wɔaka abom. Nneɛma a wɔde sika kɔkɔɔ ahwehwɛ di dwuma wɔ abɔde mu no bi ne nyansa a wɔde ma, ahonyade a wɔtwetwe, ne awo a wɔma ɛyɛ mmerɛw.
Pearl yɛ atetesɛm mu awobo ma June ne nsoromma bo a ɛyɛ anigye ma Sagittarius. Esiane sɛ Mercury di Gemini ne Virgo so nti, saa nsoromma mu hwɛbea ahorow yi nso betumi ahyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ nhwehwɛ sɛ anigyede a wɔde hyɛ wɔn ho!
Sɛ yɛsan kɔ aboɔden abo a Asase ayɛ so a, aboɔden abo bɛn na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann?
Heliodor na ɔkyerɛwee
Heliodor yɛ beryl ahorow a ɛhyerɛn a efi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann kosi sika kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛda ase yɛ borɔdɔma anaa ahabammono. Ebia wubehu din ahorow te sɛ “sika kɔkɔɔ beryl,” “yellow beryl,” anaa mpo “yellow emerald,” a wɔde di dwuma ma heliodor.
Wohuu edin “heliodor” wɔ 1912 mu, na efii ase sɛ aguadi din a wɔde frɛ beryl a ne kɔla yɛ sika kɔkɔɔ a efi Rossing, Namibia (nea edi kan a wonya fibea) nanso efi saa bere no, ɛtrɛwee ma ɛkaa beryl aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla nyinaa ho asɛm. Edin no fi Hela kasa mu helios ne doron , a ɛkyerɛ “akyɛde a efi owia hɔ.”
Beryl abo nyinaa de anigye ba Scorpio ne Sagittarius nsoromma mu hwɛ mu, ɛwom sɛ heliodor nso ma Leo nya anigye de. Mpɛn pii no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo de heliodor di dwuma de ma obu a wɔwɔ ma wɔn ho ne wɔn bo a wosi no yɛ kɛse.
Chrysoberyl a wɔde yɛ aduru
Nea ɛnte sɛ heliodor no, chrysoberyl nyɛ beryl ahorow, ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ adwene a ɛyɛ basaa de. Sɛ beryl da nkyɛn a, wɔ abakɔsɛm mu no, wɔde chrysoberyl frafra chrysolite , titiriw wɔ 1800 mfe no awiei kosi 1900 mfe no mfiase wɔ England.
Chrysoberyl yɛ beryllium aluminium oxide mineral a ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a dade na ɛde ba. Chrysoberyl ahorow abiɛsa titiriw na ɛwɔ hɔ:
Chrysoberyl a ɛyɛ mmerɛw: Chrysoberyl a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi ahabammono a wohu no pii wɔ wiase nyinaa
Ɔkraman Aniwa Chrysoberyl (Cymophane): Ɛwo a emu dɔ kosi chrysoberyl a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛda chatoyancy adi , baabi a hann a ɛyɛ tratraa bi da adi wɔ ɔbo no so, na ɛte sɛ ɔkraman aniwa.
Alexandrite : Ɛyɛ nea ɛho yɛ na yiye na ɛsom bo kɛse a ɛsakra kɔla a ɛsakra fi ahabammono a ɛyɛ hyew kɔ kɔkɔɔ wɔ hann bi ase.
Sɛnea wubetumi ahu no, chrysoberyl a ɛyɛ mpapahwekwa ne cat’s eye chrysoberyl nkutoo ne nea ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ. Wɔ Mohs nsenia a ɛkyerɛ sɛ mineral hardness , chrysoberyl di kan wɔ 8.5 a ɛyɛ nwonwa.
Wɔ Asia abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no, na chrysoberyl abo kura metaphysical ntease ahorow, efi ahobammɔ a wɔbɔ fi aniwa bɔne ho kosi akwahosan pa a wɔhwɛ so kosi sɛ wɔbɛma wotumi ahu ade pefee so. Ɛnnɛ, nea wɔtaa de chrysoberyl di dwuma no bi ne ahosodi a ɛkɔ soro, ayamye, ne botae a wɔde si biribi so. Wɔn a wɔwɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne Virgo ase no nso betumi ahyɛ chrysoberyl sɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo a ɛyɛ anigye!
Mali Garnet na ɔkyerɛwee
Ebia wunim garnet sɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa , nanso so wunim sɛ ɛba wɔ kɔkɔɔ mu? Mali garnet yɛ garnet ahorow a ɛntaa nsi a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn kosi sika kɔkɔɔ-biribiri a wɔato din sɛ abo yi fibea a edi kan ne nea ɛwɔ hɔ nkutoo: Mali, Afrika Atɔe fam.
Mali garnets yɛ garnet ahorow abien a wɔaka abom: andradite ne grossular , ɛwom sɛ ɛyɛ grossular titiriw de. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ saa afrafra yi sɛ “grandite.” Andradite garnets wɔ refractive index ne dispersion a ɛkorɔn, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛda hyerɛn fitaa ne kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn adi.
Te sɛ garnet afoforo no, saa abo yi yɛ akɔnnɔ, adamfofa, ne ɔdɔ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛnea crystal healers kyerɛ no, Mali garnets betumi ama ahotoso a ɔwɔ wɔ ɔdɔ ho dwumadibea no mu ayɛ kɛse na ama adebɔ ayɛ kɛse. Sɛ garnets yɛ January awobo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no da nkyɛn a, ɛso ba nsoromma mu hwɛbea nsɛnkyerɛnne Capricorn ne Aquarius nso.
Scapolite a wɔfrɛ no Scapolite
Asɛmfua scapolite kyerɛ tectosilicate aboɔden abo kuw bi a wohu wɔ abotan a calcium pii wom mu anaa aboɔden abo biara a efi scapolite kuw no mu. Yɛde nkyerɛase a ɛto so abien no bedi dwuma wɔ ha. Scapolite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, sika kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, anaa violet a ɛyɛ hyew, ɛwom sɛ dodow no ara yɛ ɛwo kɔkɔɔ de. Calcium ne sodium dodow a ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu na ɛkyerɛ ne kɔla.
Edin no fi Hela kasa a wɔfrɛ no skapos , a wɔkyerɛ ase sɛ “poma” anaa “agyan” a ɛkyerɛ ahwehwɛ tiawa a ɛte sɛ adum no mu. Nea edi kan a wohui wɔ Myanmar wɔ 1913 mu, ɛwom sɛ aman afoforo yɛ scapolite a ɛyɛ nwonwa te sɛ Tanzania sika kɔkɔɔ scapolite a emu dɔ no de.
Scapolite da fluorescence a emu yɛ den adi, pleochroism , na, ɛntaa mma, chatoyancy anaa tenebrescence (kɔla a ɛsakra wɔ owia mu.) Scapolite fluorescence kɔkɔɔ dodow no ara yɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma, ɛwom sɛ kɔkɔɔ nhwɛsode ahorow bi a efi Quebec wɔ lilac fluorescence de!
Wonim scapolite aboɔden abo sɛ ɛwɔ nkate mu ayaresa a ɛma wo ho dwo nanso emu dɔ, na ɛboa wo ma wohwɛ nkate a ɛyɛ katee te sɛ abufuw anaa abasamtu a atwam na woahu na woadi wo yaw no fibea ankasa ho dwuma.
Danburite a wɔde yɛ adwuma
Danburite yɛ aboɔden abo fitaa, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ bruu-kɔla, anaa pink a wɔde calcium boron silicate ayɛ. Nanso, mpɛn pii no, danburite abo a enni kɔla anaa kɔkɔɔ nkutoo na wubehu wɔ gua so. Bere a danburite abu so ma wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano sen wɔn a wɔyɛ agude no, aboɔden abo no mu da hɔ kɛse, ɛpete, na ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, na ɛma ɛyɛ kɛse ma da biara da hyɛ.
Yɛde danburite a ohui no ka Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Charles Upham Shepard, a ohui wɔ 1839 mu na ɔde ne din too fibea no so: Danbury, Connecticut, U.S.A. Efi saa bere no, danburite a wɔde asie no apue wɔ wiase nyinaa, na Tanzania de sika kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ papa hoahoa ne ho.
Honhom fam no, saa ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yi bue abotiri chakra no na ɛyɛ boasetɔ, asomdwoe, ne ayaresa ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Te sɛ scapolite no, wonim danburite ahwehwɛ sɛ ɛma yɛn amanehunu fibea a emu dɔ na emu dɔ no mu da hɔ na ɛsa.
Sikakɔkɔɔ Sphalerite
Danburite foforo a wɔtaa de boaboa ano a ɛte sɛ abo ne sphalerite. Wɔsan frɛ no “zinc blende” anaa “black-jack,” sphalerite yɛ zinc sulfide aboɔden abo a wɔde di dwuma titiriw sɛ zinc fibea. Nokwarem no, wiase no mu zinc a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no mu 95% fi sphalerite ore mu!
Sphalerite betumi ayɛ kɔla ahorow kakraa bi, nanso sphalerite aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ, kɔbere kɔkɔɔ, ne borɔdɔma kɔ “sika kɔkɔɔ sphalerite.” Mpɛn pii no, dade na ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu, na ɛma ne kɔla yɛ ahabammono-kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi kɔkɔɔ-biribiri.
Ɛmfa ho sɛ sphalerite a ɛyɛ den pii wɔ hɔ no, ɔbo no wɔ 3.5-4 pɛ wɔ Mohs nsenia so, ma enti, ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛka ho asɛm. Nanso, ɔbo no yɛ fɛ, na ɛtaa yɛ hann a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ kosi kɔkɔɔ. Namibia sphalerite betumi ayɛ triboluminescent mpo, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛhyerɛn wɔ friction ase.
Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo E. F. Glocker huu sphalerite wɔ 1847 mu na ɔtoo din fii Hela asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “ɔsisifo” mu, efisɛ ɔbo no te sɛ galena nanso ɛnsow kɔbere sɛnea galena yɛ no.
Wɔ honhom fam no, sika kɔkɔɔ sphalerite yɛ akokoduru ho sɛnkyerɛnne na wɔbɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɛkanyan wo ma wuhu nea wubetumi nyinaa. Aboɔden abo no nso yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ a wɔde di dwuma ma Gemini.
Apatite a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Apatite yɛ chameleon aboɔden abo kakra, na kɔkɔɔ yɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛba mu no mu biako pɛ Te sɛ sphalerite no, apatite betumi akyerɛkyerɛ aboɔden abo kuw bi a ɛte saa ara anaa aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kuw yi mu no mu biako mu. Wɔ n’ankasa ahorow ahorow akyi no, apatite di mfomso mpɛn pii sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo afoforo araa ma aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a ohui no de Hela asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “daadaa” no too so.
Apatite taa yɛ ahabammono, nanso wubetumi ahu apatite kɔkɔɔ wɔ Mexico ne USA, ne apatite a ɛyɛ ahabammono-kɔla wɔ Morocco ne Zimbabwe. Nanso, Sri Lanka ne Tanzania de apatite a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛho yɛ na a wɔfrɛ no cat’s eye apatite hoahoa wɔn ho.
Mpɛn pii no, ɔbo no kɔla fi abɔde mu mframa a ano yɛ den anaasɛ asase mu nneɛma a wɔntaa nhu a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu. Nea ɛka kɔla a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛwɔ soro ho no, apatite abo kɔkɔɔ betumi ayɛ fluoresce wɔ purplish-pink mu na ebetumi ada pleochroism kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono kosi bruu-ahabammono adi.
Wɔ metaphysical awiei no, apatite kɔkɔɔ gyina hɔ ma anidaso ne pefeeyɛ. Saa aboɔden abo yi betumi abue owia plexus chakra no na aboa wo ma woayi nhwɛso anaa suban ahorow a epira a esiw wo kwan no afi hɔ.
Safir Kɔkɔɔ (Pukhraj) .
Wosusuwii sɛ safir nyinaa yɛ bruu? Susuw ho bio! Safir kɔkɔɔ yɛ corundum bi a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow fi ahabammono-kɔla kɔkɔɔ kosi canary kɔkɔɔ a wɔn kɔn dɔ, a ne nyinaa fi dade kakraa bi mu.
Wɔ 9 wɔ Mohs nsenia so no, safir kɔkɔɔ yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ma agude biara. Saa aboɔden abo yi a wobɛhyɛ no betumi ama woakae ne sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so ayamhyehye ne honhom fam nyansa, ne tumi a etumi de nkonimdi ne anigye ba no.
Na Pukhraj nso ɛ? Pukhraj yɛ Hindi asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ safir kɔkɔɔ, ɛwom sɛ Indiafo pii de Pukhraj di dwuma ma citrine anaa topaz kɔkɔɔ de. Nanso, wɔ Vedic nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, pukhraj kura abusuabɔ titiriw bi ne safir kɔkɔɔ sɛ aboɔden abo akron a wɔakyekyere wɔ okyinnsoromma ahorow no ho no mu biako.
Pukhraj ne okyinnsoromma a ɛso sen biara na wobetumi aka sɛ ɛwɔ tumi sen biara, Jupiter, di nkitaho. Sɛnea ɛte no, safir kɔkɔɔ ne nsoromma mu hwɛ bo a wɔde yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ sɛnkyerɛnne abien a Jupiter di so: Sagittarius ne Pisces. Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ akyi no, safir kɔkɔɔ yɛ September awobo !
Tourmaline a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Chameleon aboɔden abo ankasa ne tourmaline, aboɔden abo a efi awosu mu yɛ nwini soronko 100 na ɛtaa yɛ nea ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow pii a wobetumi apaw. Tourmaline kɔkɔɔ fi canary kɔkɔɔ a emu da hɔ, kosi daffodil kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mum, kosi champagne kɔkɔɔ a ɛnyɛ anifere ne banana kɔkɔɔ so. Tourmaline aboɔden abo abusua no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den na egu ahorow, nanso tourmaline kɔkɔɔ dodow no ara yɛ elbaite-species tourmalines a wɔde dade ne titanium kɔla ayɛ.
Tourmalines kɔkɔɔ ne borɔdɔma yɛ ahotew ne biakoyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne, na ɛkari pɛ wɔ honhom, nipadua, ne adwene mu. Saa tourmaline kɔla ahorow yi nso betumi ama wo ho a wubesusuw ho na woanyin atu mpɔn bere a ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi biribiara a ebetumi agye w’ankasa tumi afi wo nsam ho no.
Tourmaline ne October awobo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so , enti dɛn nti na womfa tourmaline kɔkɔɔ nni ahohuru bere ne osutɔbere (ne w’awoda) ho afahyɛ?
Zircon a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Zircon yɛ abɔde mu aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ aguadi din pii ne kɔla ahorow kakraa bi. Zircon kɔkɔɔ no sunsuma gu ahorow fi pastel so kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew na ɛyɛ saturated so.
Nsɛmfua hyacinth anaa jacinth kyerɛ zircon a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-akutu anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Jargoon anaa kasakoa kyerɛ zircon a enni kɔla, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ wusiw a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo.
Edin zircon no fi Persia kasa mu zargun a ɛkyerɛ “sika kɔkɔɔ,” na ɛno na ɛde abodin jargon . Sri Lankafo de melichrysos di dwuma ma zircon kɔkɔɔ, bere a Siamfo asɛmfua a wɔde di dwuma wɔ Thailand no yɛ kasafĩ . Na yiw, kasafĩ ne kasafĩ nyinaa yɛ nsɛmfua ankasa wɔ aboɔden abo aguadi mu!
Zircon kɔkɔɔ yɛ nyansa ho sɛnkyerɛnne na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ abɔfo. Wɔ Yudafo anansesɛm bi mu no, na Zircon yɛ ɔbɔfo a ɔbɔɔ nnipa baanu a wodi kan, Adam ne Hawa, ho ban wɔ Eden Turo no mu no din. Nnɛyi ahwehwɛ ayaresafo ka sɛ zircon kɔkɔɔ betumi aboa wɔ aware mu, denam ntawntawdi a ɛbɛbrɛ ase, ayeforohyia a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ ntɛmntɛm, anaasɛ awo a ɛbɛma awo no ayɛ kɛse so.
Fluorite a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Fluorite ne tourmaline di asi wɔ kɔla ahorow mu, na fluorite kɔkɔɔ anaa sika kɔkɔɔ yɛ saa kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi ho nhwɛso biako. Wɔ tourmaline kɔla ahorow mu no, kɔkɔɔ ho yɛ na yiye. Kɔla a wɔde hyɛ mmeae ahorow abu so wɔ fluorite mu, na ebia kɔla kɔkɔɔ fi kɔla mfinimfini a ɛfa asase dade yttrium a wɔntaa nhu ho. Yttrium nso na ɛma fluorescence kɔkɔɔ biara a ɛwɔ fluorite mu ba.
Fluorite nkutoo yɛ calcium fluoride mineral na ɛwɔ 4 a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ Mohs nsenia so, na ɛma nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛse sɛ wɔboaboa ano sen faceting. Fluorite su a ɛde ne nsa hyɛ ase no boa ma wohuu nyansahu a ɛwɔ adeyɛ yi akyi—na to din! Blue-violet ne fluorescence kɔla a abu so sen biara wɔ saa aboɔden abo yi mu, nanso pii hyerɛn kɔkɔɔ.
Sɛ́ ahwehwɛ a ɛsa yare no, fluorite kɔkɔɔ betumi ahyɛ ɔhaw ahorow a wɔde siesie adebɔ mu den. Asase so nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde hwehwɛ nneɛma mu a wɔfrɛ no Capricorn ne Virgo nso betumi de aboɔden abo yi su sɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo no adi dwuma!
Jade a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Adwene a ɛnteɛ a wɔtaa nya wɔ jade ho no biako ne sɛ ɛyɛ ahabammono bere nyinaa, nanso jade betumi ayɛ kɔla pii, a kɔkɔɔ ka ho! Ɔfã foforo a nnipa dodow no ara nnim ne sɛ “jade” betumi ayɛ jadeite anaa nephrite ankasa .
Nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw afa din a ɛnteɛ ho: Aguadifo binom de “jade kɔkɔɔ” di dwuma ma quartz kɔkɔɔ a mununkum wom. Edin foforo a ɛnteɛ ne “ɛwo jade,” a wɔde di dwuma sɛ aguadi din (a ɛnteɛ) ma sika kɔkɔɔ jasper a ɛyɛ fã bi a ɛyɛ hann.
Afei san kɔ jade kɔkɔɔ ankasa so!
Jade kɔkɔɔ anaa sika kɔkɔɔ yɛ nephrite kɔla ahorow a wɔntaa nhu no mu biako na ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye kosi sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla a emu dɔ. Nephrite abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi kɔla a ɛyɛ krim a ɛyɛ hann kɔ “nguan srade jade” so wɔ China. Ɔbo no kɔla kɔkɔɔ no fi tantalum a wɔde aka ho anaasɛ ions a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ lattice no mu.
Jade kɔkɔɔ yɛ asomdwoe, nyansa, ne ahobammɔ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Sɛ́ okyinnsoromma so ɔbo ma Owia ne Mars no, jade kɔkɔɔ betumi aboa wɔn a wɔwɔ sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ Leo, Aries, ne Scorpio ase no.
Topaz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Topaz kɔkɔɔ a ne kɔla yɛ sika kɔkɔɔ no yɛ aluminium ne fluorine silicate aboɔden abo ahorow a ɛhyerɛn. Mfomso ahorow a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ lattice no mu no betumi ama kɔla kɔkɔɔ no afi awosu mu, nanso topaz abo bi a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla a ɛhyerɛn yɛ topaz bruu a wɔde ɔhyew ayɛ.
Sɛ borɔdɔma fra mu a, ebia wɔbɛfrɛ ɔbo no Sika Topaz. Nanso, topaz a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ a agye din kɛse ne Imperial Topaz a ɛntaa nsi, a ɛyɛ pink-kɔla kosi sika kɔkɔɔ-akutu a ɛsom bo sen topaz foforo biara.
Ansa na 1900 mfe no reba no, na nkurɔfo frɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ nyinaa “topaz.” Ɛmfa ho sɛ wɔde dii dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so no, amammerɛ ahorow de tumi ahorow pii maa “topaz” abo kɔkɔɔ, efi nnome a wobu so kosi nkwa tenten a wɔbɛhwɛ ahu so.
Ɛnnɛ, topaz kɔkɔɔ yɛ anidaso, tema, ne abusua ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Crystal ayaresafo kamfo saa aboɔden abo yi kyerɛ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobeyi adwenem naayɛ afi wo ho na wɔada nnipa a wobetumi aboa wo ma woadi yiye adi. Sɛ topaz kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ November awobo da nkyɛn a, wɔtaa de kae ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 23 nso!
Jasper a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Jasper abo kɔkɔɔ betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ-kɔla a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛde kɔkɔɔ aka wɔn nsusuwso ho. Kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ jasper mu no betumi ayɛ owia hann kɔkɔɔ, mango, sinapi, anaa flaxen kɔkɔɔ. Nea edi kan no, momma yɛn discus jasper kɔkɔɔ a ne kɔla yɛ den.
Jasper kɔkɔɔ yɛ chalcedony ne quartz a wɔde afra a ɛnyɛ hann. Ne kɔla gu ahorow fi owia hann kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew so kosi bruu-kɔla, a mpɛn pii no efi goethite anaa iron oxide a wɔde ka ho.
Afei jasper ahorow a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a wɔayɛ ho mfonini no ni:
Noreena Jasper : Western Australia kɔla ahorow ahorow a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, ne fitaa a ɛte sɛ Jackson Pollock mfonini.
Carrasite Jasper : Ɛho ahorow a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a adi afra, a kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, ne bruu ka ho.
Bumblebee Jasper : Agate bi a wɔfrɛ no jasper wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so, a nsensanee yɛ kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, ne tuntum.
Mookaite Jasper : Australian sedimentary jasper a ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, ne/anaasɛ auburn a ɛrehuruhuruw a mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ nnompe wɔ mu.
Sɛ́ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsusuwso no, jasper aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ betumi ama woanya ɔpɛ, nhumu, ne nsiyɛ kɛse. Saa su ahorow yi ne nsoromma mu hwɛbea Aries a obetumi de saa ahwehwɛ yi adi dwuma sɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo no hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Londonni a ɔyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a wonnim no kɛse ne londonite ɔbo a ɛho yɛ na a ɛyɛ nwonwa, borate aboɔden abo a cesium na ɛwɔ mu kɛse a ɛne rhodozite a potassium na ɛwɔ mu no yɛ ntoatoaso.
Wɔtoo ɔbo yi din nnansa yi wɔ 1998 mu de hyɛɛ Oduruyɛfo David London, asase ne asase ho adesua ho ɔbenfo wɔ Oklahoma Sukuupɔn mu anuonyam.
Londonfo abo betumi ayɛ nea enni kɔla, fitaa, anaa kɔkɔɔ, na wɔtaa de ahabammono fra ma ɛyɛ sulfur kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono-kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Hu sɛ owia hann a wode wo ho hyɛ mu dodo no betumi ama londonite abo kɔkɔɔ ne ahabammono-kɔla no ayera ma ayɛ nea enni kɔla.
Londonite ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ de adwene a emu yɛ den, dadwen kakraa bi, na adwene tebea a emu da hɔ ba.
Owia ɔbo
Owia abo yɛ feldspar aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, anaa kɔkɔɔ, a egyina sɛnea nneɛma a ɛka ho no kɛse ne sɛnea ɛdɔɔso so. Mpɛn pii no, nneɛma a wɔde ka owia abo mu no yɛ kɔbere, na ɛyɛ mogya nkwammoaa nketenkete a ɛda hann adi, na ɛma dade a ɛhyerɛn a wɔfrɛ no aventurescence no ba. Nneɛma afoforo a wɔde ka ho a ɛde nkɛntɛnso koro no ara ba ne goethite anaa hematite.
Wɔ owia abo kɔla ahorow mu no, owia abo kɔkɔɔ na ne bo yɛ den sen biara. Mmeae bi a wotu fagude nso wɔ wɔn ankasa ahorow ahorow, te sɛ Mexico “Golden Sunstone” a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne Oregon “Oregon Sunstone.”
Abakɔsɛm mu no, na aborɔfo a wɔwɔ Oregon de owia abo dii dwuma sɛ nneɛma a wɔde sesa nneɛma. Wɔ ɔtare no agya no, adanse kyerɛ sɛ Vikingfo de owia abo siesiee wɔn amusiei, na amammerɛ mu gyidi afoforo trɛw faa owia abo a owia no nkonyaayi ahoɔden wom ho.
Ɛnnɛ, owia abo yɛ akɔmfosɛm a ebetumi ayi adwennwen afi hɔ na ama wo nipasu ankasa ada adi. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ anigye yi nso yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ abo ma Leo a owia di no so!
Ogya Opal
Ogya opal yɛ silica aboɔden abo a ɛnyɛ nsɛ a nsu wom opal ahorow, a wɔtaa hu wɔ Mexico anaa Ethiopia. Ebia wode ogya opals bɛbata ogya kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew ho, nanso ebia ogya opal nso wɔ nipadua mu nne kɔkɔɔ . Ogya opal ahorow bi mpo tumi nya kɔla abiɛsa no nyinaa wɔ biako mu!
Nea ɛnte sɛ opal dodow no ara a ɛnyɛ hann no, ogya opal ahorow no yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kosi nea ɛda adi. Nea ɛka ho no, saa opals yi nkutoo ne ahorow ahorow a wubehu sɛ wɔtaa yɛ faceted sen cut en cabochon . Mexico ogya opal wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ hyew nanso enni kɔla a wɔde di agoru, bere a Ethiopia yɛ ogya opal a ɛsom bo, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ kɔla a wɔde di agoru.
Ogya opals gyina hɔ ma ɔdɔ ne anigye a wubenya ama wo ho, afoforo, ne biribiara a ɛma w’ani gye wɔ asetra mu. Saa aboɔden abo yi ma wonya owia fa wɔ atetesɛm opal October awobo ne ayeforohyia afeda aboɔden abo a ɛto so 14 no so. Wɔn a wɔn ani gye nsoromma mu hwɛ ho a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Aquarius anaa Libra ase nso betumi de ogya opals adi dwuma sɛ ade a wɔde gye wɔn ani!
Calcite a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Calcite kɔkɔɔ yɛ calcium carbonate mineral a ɛwɔ pastel kɔkɔɔ, lemon kɔkɔɔ, ne sika kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ. Calcite foforo a ne kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ ne ɛwo calcite, ɛwom sɛ ne kɔla bɛn sika kɔkɔɔ-biribiri sen kɔkɔɔ de. Kɔla kɔkɔɔ ne bruu fi dade oxide a wɔde afra mu.
Kɔla kɔkɔɔ nso betumi ada adi sɛ kɔla a ɛhyerɛn wɔ calcite mu denam fluorescence, phosphorescence, ne thermoluminescence, ne hann ahorow afoforo so. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, calcite di 3 pɛ wɔ Mohs nsenia so, enti asinasin a ɛwɔ afã horow no ntaa nyɛ saa.
Ahoɔden ayaresafo de saa ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hare yi di dwuma de kari pɛ wɔ owia plexus chakra no mu, na ɛboa ma adwenem naayɛ so tew, ɛma nkannyan tu mpɔn, na ɛde adwene mu tumi ahorow no kɔ baabiara. Saa aboɔden abo yi yɛ anigye ho sɛnkyerɛnne na ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Sagittarius ne Pisces nsɛnkyerɛnne.
Ɔsram Abo a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Moonstone yɛ feldspar aboɔden abo a wonim no sɛ aboɔden abo fitaa a ɛhyerɛn , nanso so wunim sɛ ɛwɔ kɔla afoforo? Ɔsram abo kɔkɔɔ da sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla kosi pink-kɔla a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ adi, a nea ɛka ho ne kɔkɔɔ kosi pink-akutu a wɔfrɛ no peach ɔsram abo.
Ɔsram abo aboɔden abo mu no, orthoclase ne albite a wɔayɛ no ntoatoaso wɔ hɔ. Saa nsensanee yi ma adularescence bruu kosi fitaa a wɔde wɔn nsa hyɛ ase, hann a ɛyɛ brɛoo a efi mu ba a ɛte sɛ ɔsram hann. Ɔsram abo nso betumi ada chatoyancy ne asterism adi, a ɛyɛ aniwa so nkɛntɛnso a ɛte sɛ nsoromma a ɛwɔ hann anan.
Te sɛ anansesɛm a ɛfa ɔsram ho dodow no ara no, ɔsram abo ne ɔsoro ɔbeayɛ wɔ abusuabɔ. Sɛ ɔsram abo a ɛyɛ mmea ahoɔden ho sɛnkyerɛnne da nkyɛn a, ebetumi aboa awo na ama mmoa a ɛma wɔtete ma de nea eye sen biara no ada adi. Ɔsram abo kɔkɔɔ pɔtee betumi aboa wo ma woada yiye na woakwati dae bɔne.
Wɔfrɛ no “ɔbo ma mmea,” obiara a ɔpɛ sɛ ogye mmea ahoɔden tom no betumi anya ɔsram abo so mfaso. Wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Kokoram nsoromma mu hwɛ ase no nso betumi anya mfaso a ɛwɔ ɔsram abo kɔkɔɔ so.
Aventurine a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ
Yellow aventurine yɛ chalcedony mineral (microcrystalline quartz) a ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ ahorow a mica, pyrite , ne/anaasɛ dade kakraa bi na ɛde ba. Mica a wɔde ka ho no ma ɔbo no yɛ aventurescence, dade a ɛhyerɛn a wohu wɔ aventurine aboɔden abo nyinaa mu.
Wɔ aventurine kɔla nyinaa mu no, kɔkɔɔ ka nea ɛntaa nsi no ho. Wɔ ahoɔden ayaresa ho no, saa aboɔden abo yi kari pɛ wɔ owia plexus chakra no mu, na ɛto nsa frɛ ahotoso ne nkannyan.
Wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so no, aventurine kɔkɔɔ gyina hɔ ma kari pɛ, kommyɛ, ne ankasa ho a wosusuw. Mpɛn pii no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo de ɔbo no di dwuma de te nka sɛ wɔne obi ankasa wɔ abusuabɔ na ɛma ɔfe no brɛ ase.
Awiei koraa no, dɛn ne aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a ne bo yɛ den sen biara?
Diamond a Ɛyɛ Kɔkɔɔ
Diamond kɔkɔɔ no ne aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a ne bo yɛ den sen biara. Nanso, nokwarem no, kɔkɔɔ ne diamond a ɛwɔ kɔla a abu so sen biara, a wohu fi awosu mu, na ne bo nyɛ den! Wɔsan frɛ saa abohene yi “fancy yellow” anaa “canary diamond,” na wonya ne kɔkɔɔ fi nitrogen a ɛwɔ hɔ bere a wɔreyɛ aboɔden abo no mu.
Abohene nyinaa yɛ ɔdɔ a ɛtra hɔ daa ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ɛwom sɛ abohene kɔkɔɔ de ka eyi ho denam anidaso a egyina hɔ ma so de. Sɛnea awarefo biara nim no, anidaso a wobɛkyɛ no kyerɛ sɛ wode w’adwene asi daakye so, na wohyɛ wo bɔhyɛ ne w’anigye ho nkuran ma ɛtra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa.
Diamond kɔkɔɔ biako a agye din ne Florentine Diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono-kɔla a ɛyɛ hare, abakɔsɛm mu 137-ct. diamond a wohuu bɛyɛ mfe 500 a atwam ni a wɔde twaa mu wɔ anansesɛm mu din a wɔahyehyɛ a ɛfa ahemfo wuranom ho nanso wonhuu bi fi 1918.
Di Yellow Gem Kwan no akyi!
Sɛ wode kɔkɔɔ bata ahwɛyiye anaa yare ho a, sɛ wohwɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn yi biako pɛ a, owia hann ne anigye bɛhyɛ w’adwene ma. Worehwehwɛ sɛ wode hann ne ɔhyew bɛhyɛ w’asetra ma?
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wode owia ahoɔden a ɛyɛ anigye no di dwuma a, nya aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ a w’ani gye ho no nnɛ!
搜尋Gemstone Encyclopedia
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How To's is where you will find helpful articles from gem Rock Auctions on how to cut gemstones, select gemstones and buy gemstones.
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