Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono: Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono 31 a wɔahyehyɛ ne nea ɛkyerɛ

If you’re in the market for colored gemstones , ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ nea eye sen biara a wubetumi apaw! Aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ anigye sɛ wobɛhwɛ, ahyɛ, na wode adi dwuma de asa yare. Efi lime a ɛhyerɛn so kosi pistachio a wɔayɛ no mum so, kosi kwae mu ahabammono a emu dɔ so, abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne ahwehwɛ de hokwan ahorow du du pii ba.

Abo bɛn na ne kɔla yɛ ahabammono? Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono din ne ne nkyerɛase a edi mũ ho asɛm:

Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Emerald a wɔfrɛ no Emerald

• Jade na ɔkyerɛwee

• Maw Tena Tena ase

• Alexandrite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Malakite

• Apatite a wɔde di dwuma

• Chrysoprase a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Garnet a wɔfrɛ no Garnet

• Safir a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Amazonfo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Chrysoberyl a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Prasiolite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Peridot na ɔkyerɛwee

• Turquoise a ɛyɛ fɛ

• Chrysocolla a wɔfrɛ no chrysocolla

• Chrome Diopside na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Diaspore a ɛwɔ hɔ

• Moldavifo

• Prehnite a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo

• Hiddenite a wɔde asie

• Agate a wɔfrɛ no Agate

• Tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Topaz a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Fluorite a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Green Jasper a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Green Opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Calcite a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Ɔsram Abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Green Spinel a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Aventurine a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Green Diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Ansa na yɛbɛkɔ akɔhyɛ aboɔden abo biara mu , momma yɛnka honhom fam afã no ho asɛm. Dɛn na ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono no gyina hɔ ma?

Aboɔden Abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono Nkyerɛase

Kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono no yɛ onyin, foforoyɛ, ne nneɛma a ɛdɔɔso ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Fekubɔ a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne ahabammono ahyɛ amammerɛ mu nkyerɛase ahorow a ɛfa kɔla no ho, te sɛ sika anaa abɔde mu ma.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ asase mu nneɛma ahwehwɛ, na ɛde anigye ba Taurus, Virgo, ne Capricorn nsɛnkyerɛnne so. Nokwarem no, asɛmfua “ahabammono” no fi Engiresi Dedaw mu grenian , a ɛkyerɛ “ayɛ frɔmfrɔm.”

Abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde sa yare no ne koma chakra no di nkitaho . Ahwehwɛ ayaresafo taa de aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono di dwuma de ma nkate ne adwene hyia, de anigye ba, na nokwarem no, wɔne Abɔde Maame nya abusuabɔ!

Dɛn ne ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono a eye sen biara ma wo? Ɛno gyina sunsuma, ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ, ne ayaresa su a worehwehwɛ so.

Sɛ yɛbɛhyɛ yɛn ase a, dɛn ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a agye din sen biara?

Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ Fɛ a Agye Din Sen Biara

Emerald a wɔfrɛ no Emerald

Ɛnyɛ den sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a agye din sen biara no yɛ emerald. Emerald yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo wɔ beryl abusua no mu, a wɔdɔ no wɔ wiase nyinaa mfehaha pii. Saa ahwehwɛ yi da ɛnne ahorow a ɛyɛ dɛ adi, wɔ kɔla ahorow a “ɛyɛ hare yiye” mpo mu. Emerald kɔla betumi ayɛ ahabammono a emu dɔ, kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, anaa bruu-ahabammono.

Ahemfo fi Cleopatra so kosi Ɔhemmaa Diana so de emerald agude siesiee wɔn ho. Ansa na Spainfo nkonimdifo refi ase de emerald a efi “Wiase Foforo” no mu asan aba Europa wɔ 1700 mfe no mu no, na Inkafo de aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum yi adi dwuma dedaw mfehaha 5. Wɔ Egypt no, emerald a wotu no fi bɛyɛ afe 1500 A.Y.B.

Atetesɛm ahorow a ɛfa emerald tumi ho ka sɛ ɔbo no ma obi hu nneɛma a ɛbɛkɔ akyiri, tumi, na otumi kasa yiye. Mprempren, emerald yɛ May awobo ne atetesɛm mu ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 35 aboɔden abo !

Emerald yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo, nanso dɛn ne ɔbo a ɛsom bo fã a ɛyɛ ahabammono? Wɔn mu biako ne jade!

Jade na ɔkyerɛwee

“Jade” kyerɛ aboɔden abo abien a ɛte sɛ nea ɛte nanso ɛsono: jadeite ne nephrite . Abo abien no nyinaa wɔ ahabammono ahorow pii. Nephrite da kɔla a ɛyɛ mum, ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea emu dɔ adi, bere a mpɛn pii no jadeite wɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono kosi emerald-ahabammono a ɛyɛ ma kɛse. Kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛte sɛ emerald a wɔfrɛ no “Imperial Green” no ne nea ɛsom bo sen biara.

Abusuabɔ foforo a ɛda jadeite ne emerald ntam wɔ Thailand: Emerald Buddha. Nyamesom mu agyiraehyɛde foforo biara nni hɔ a wobu no kɛse wɔ Thailand, nanso susuw ho hwɛ? Wɔde jadeite a ɛyɛ ahabammono na ɛyɛe!

Ná tete Chinafo gyidi ahorow kyerɛ sɛ jade gyina hɔ ma anuonyam ne suban pa. Mprempren, jade yɛ nyansa, ahobrɛase, ne yiyedi ho sɛnkyerɛnne, ne ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 12 a wɔkae.

Jade abo a ɛyɛ den no yɛ nea wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ, nanso ɛhoahoa ne ho sɛ ɛko tia abubuw a ɛkorɔn sen biara, na ɛma ɛyɛ abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a edi mũ ma agude.

Nanso, jade a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛkorɔn betumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den. Wɔ wɔn a wɔpɛ jade a wonni sika pii fam no, ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono bɛn na ɛte sɛ jade? Ɛno bɛyɛ maw tena ase!

Maw Tena Tena ase

Maw sit sit yɛ ɔbotan a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn a ɛho yɛ na a ɛte sɛ jadeite. Ɛyɛ albite feldspar, jadeite, ne aboɔden abo ahorow afoforo, na ɛde aguadi din te sɛ “jade albite” ne “chloromelanite” ba. Sɛ yɛbɛhwɛ a, chloromelanite yɛ jadeite a ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum.

Saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann kosi nea ɛnyɛ hann yi taa nya ntini a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum anaa tuntum. Kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hyew no fi chromium a ɛdɔɔso, ade koro no ara a ɛma wonya jadeites a ɛyɛ ahabammono, garnets a ɛyɛ ahabammono, ne emerald.

Maw sit sit yɛ nnɛyi aboɔden abo fɛfɛ, a Switzerlandni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Edward Gubelin na ohui wɔ aban kwan so wɔ 1963 mu. Gubelin huu ɔbo no wɔ Burma wɔ Himalaya mmepɔw ho na ɔde akuraa bi a ɛbɛn hɔ din too so.

Wɔ ayaresa fã no, wɔka sɛ maw sit sit crystals ma wɔn a wɔrepere adwenemhaw no ahoɔden na ɛma ahoɔden, na ɛboa wɔn ma wohu anigye.

Alexandrite na ɔkyerɛwee

Alexandrite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi a ɛsakra kɔla wɔ chrysoberyl abusua no mu. Alexandrite abo a eye sen biara no dan fi emerald-green wɔ owia hann ase kɔ ruby-red wɔ incandescent hann ase.

Alexandrite afoforo betumi ayɛ teal anaa bruu wɔ owia hann mu na pink kosi purple wɔ hann a ɛyɛ hyew mu. Aboɔden abo ho animdefo dodow no ara bu no sɛ “nokware” alexandrite nkutoo sɛ ɛda nsakrae soronko a ɛkɔ kɔkɔɔ kɔ ahabammono adi a.

Wɔdɔ Alexandrite titiriw wɔ Russia, ɔman a Czar Alexander II a wɔde ne din too so no. Nea ɛka ho no, bere a wohuu no no, na alexandrite kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne kɔkɔɔ no ne Russia asraafo kɔla ahorow hyia.

Honhom fam no, alexandrite yɛ nsonsonoe ho sɛnkyerɛnne na ɛboa mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu no, sɛnea Chinafo gyidi kyerɛ no. Saa aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ ne ahabammono yi yɛ June awobo ne ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 55 ɔbo.

Malakite

Malachite yɛ kɔbere carbonate aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde mallow ahaban a ɛyɛ ahabammono no din too so. Malachite te dɛn? Malachite abo wɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ nkuruwankuruwa a ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi tuntum.

Saa ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛnyɛ hann yi yɛ fɛ nanso awerɛhosɛm ne sɛ ɛwɔ 3.5-4 a ɛba fam wɔ Mohs mineral hardness scale no so . Enti, eye ma cabochons anaa agude a ɛnyɛ den pii te sɛ pendants. Malachite ahwehwɛ taa ne azurite di nkitaho bere a wɔreyɛ no ma ɛyɛ azurmalachite, aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ bruu ne ahabammono a ɛrehuruhuruw.

Awɔw Bere mu Ahemfie a ɛwɔ Russia no yɛ sɛnea malachite tumi siesie fie no ho nhwɛso biako, na ɛwɔ dan mũ bi a wɔde malachite bɛyɛ nkaribo 400,000 asiesie mu!

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, malachite yɛ nsoromma bo ma Jupiter ne Venus, ne nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Capricorn ne Scorpio. Saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi yɛ ahoɔden, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, ne adwene mu pefeeyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Chrysoprase a wɔde yɛ aduru

Chrysoprase yɛ chalcedony aboɔden abo a ɛtaa yɛ po mu ahuru kosi apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛba kɔkɔɔ. Ebia chrysoprase kɔkɔɔ bɛfa citron chrysoprase anaa lemon chrysoprase so.

Te sɛ maw sit sit no, chrysoprase te sɛ jade. Adetɔfo nso di mfomso susuw sɛ chrysoprase yɛ chrome chalcedony, nanso chrysoprase kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono no fi nikel mu bere a chrome chalcedony kɔla no fi chromium mu.

Ɔbo no din fi Hela kasa mu chrysos , a ɛkyerɛ “sika kɔkɔɔ,” ne prason , a ɛkyerɛ “akwan.” Ɛyɛ green chalcedony aboɔden abo pii no mu biako nanso ɛto so abien wɔ bo mu sɛ wɔde toto chalcedony ahorow nyinaa ho a.

Wɔto Chrysoprase din “Adwene mu Ɔbo” esiane tumi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛhyɛ adwene a wɔde si biribi so ne adwene mu den nti. Saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi nso hyɛ nneɛma pa ho nkuran na ɛkae ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 18 no!

Up next, dɛn ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛho yɛ na sen biara? Saa abodin no kɔ tsavorite garnet so!

Aboɔden abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono a Wɔntaa Nhu

Garnet a wɔfrɛ no Garnet

Garnet abusua no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den na egu ahorow, na ɛhoahoa ne ho sɛ ɛyɛ ahabammono ahorow abien:

• Tsavorite : Garnet a ɛyɛ grossular a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛda adi pefee kosi bruu-ahabammono.

• Demantoid : Andradite garnet ahorow a ɛyɛ ngodua-ahabammono a ɛyɛ hyew kosi emerald-ahabammono a emu dɔ.

Bere a tsavorite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔntaa nhu no, demantoid ne garnet ahorow a ɛsom bo sen biara. Demantoid garnets wɔ apete (ogya) kɛse, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛhyerɛn wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn mu.

Demantoid a aban hui no sii wɔ 1852 mu, bere tenten a atwam ni sen nea tsavorite hui wɔ 1967 mu no.

Tsavorite dodow no ara fi Tanzania, bere a demantoid yɛ Russia de. Campbell Bridges a ohuu tsavorite no ne Tiffany & Co. titrani saa bere no Henry B. Platt de Tsavo National Park a ɛwɔ Kenya a ɛbɛn baabi a wohuu ɔbo no din too tsavorite.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ garnet a ɛyɛ ahabammono abien no nyinaa kanyan ahofama ne ɔdɔ. Crystal ayaresafo gye di sɛ saa abo yi betumi de ahonyade ne yiyedi aba w’asetra mu, a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma afe no a wubefi ase sɛ January awobo !

Green Sapphire a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Bere a wɔ amanne kwan so no, safir yɛ bruu no, dade a ɛwɔ hɔ no betumi ama safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono aba! Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono fi mint-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw so kosi kwae mu ahabammono so, na mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ ase bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ. Mpɛn pii no, saa abo yi yɛ ngodua ahabammono anaa tan-ahabammono.

Bere a wonnim safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono kɛse no, ɛntaa nsi koraa. Nokwarem no, ne bo yɛ den sen bruu anaa Padparadscha safir!

So wɔwoo wo wɔ September mu? Sɛ saa a, safir ne w’awodabo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so ! Nea ɛka ho no, wɔn ahoɔden a ɛkorɔn (9 wɔ Mohs nsenia so) ma wɔyɛ abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a eye sen biara ma nkaa no bi, sɛ́ ɛyɛ nea wɔhyɛ da biara da anaasɛ sɛ ayeforohyia mpɛtea soronko !

Ebia safir bɛba bruu anaa ahabammono, nanso ɔbo bɛn na ɛyɛ bruu ne ahabammono?

Amazonfo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

Amazonite yɛ ɔbo a ɛnyɛ hann, bruu ne ahabammono a ɛwɔ ngodua-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono yi yɛ tectosilicate mineral. Wobɛtaa ahu nsensanee fitaa nso, a albite ahwehwɛ a wɔde ka ho na ɛde ba. Nanso, albite pii kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo a ɛba fam.

Amazonite abo a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ no wɔ akɔre ntaban nsusuwso ne schiller , dade a ɛhyerɛn a wɔsan frɛ no aventurescence.

Wɔsan frɛ saa abo yi “Amazon ɔbo,” na wɔde Amazon Asubɔnten no din ato saa abo yi nanso wonhu wɔ hɔ. Fam tutu ho adanse, titiriw agude ne ahosiesie a wohuu wɔ Ɔhene Tut ɔdamoa mu no ada no adi sɛ na amazonite wɔ tete Misraim.

Chrysoberyl a wɔde yɛ aduru

Chrysoberyl yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wonim no sɛ ɛwɔ “ɔkraman aniwa” nkɛntɛnso (chatoyancy) a emu yɛ den sen aboɔden abo biara. Ɛnyɛ chrysoberyl nyinaa na ɛda ɔkraman aniwa adi. Wɔn a wɔyɛ saa no ye sen biara wɔ ɛwo-biribiri mu, na ebia “ɔkraman aniwa” a ɛdannan no benya bruu kakra.

Wɔfrɛ ɔkraman aniwa chrysoberyl cymophane, na ɛkyerɛ ase sɛ “ɛda adi te sɛ asorɔkye” ma emu hyerɛn a ɛyɛ kusuu. Saa abo yi nso yɛ pleochroic (ɛkyerɛ kɔla ahorow wɔ mmeae ahorow a wɔhwɛ) a ɛyɛ bruu ne kɔkɔɔ.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ nea ɛka chrysoberyl a wɔde di dwuma wɔ abɔde mu no ho ne ahosodi a ɛkɔ soro, adwene a wɔde si biribi so yiye, ne owia plexus chakra a ɛkari pɛ. Abakɔsɛm mu no, na wogye di sɛ chrysoberyl abo a ɛwɔ Asia no pam aniwa bɔne no.

Prasiolite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Quartz wɔ kɔla ahorow pii, a ahabammono ka ho! Enti, dɛn ne green quartz? Wɔfrɛ quartz a ɛyɛ ahabammono prasiolite, ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ hann a ɛbae wɔ abɔde mu anaasɛ ɛnam amethyst a wɔde sa yare so.

Ebia prasiolite bi wɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ mmeae a efi amethyst a aka no mu, nanso dodow no ara yɛ ɛwo-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Edin afoforo a wɔde frɛ prasiolite ne vermarine ne amegreen.

Prasiolite abo yɛ nea obi tumi hwɛ ne ho ne ayamhyehye ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔfrɛ saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono a emu yɛ hare yi sɛ abo a wɔde hwehwɛ yiyedi, na wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛtwetwe ayamye hokwan ahorow na ɛma wugye wo ho di.

Saa aboɔden abo yi nso yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ abo ma Capricorn ne Virgo. Wɔsan nso yɛ ade a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔde besi August awobo ananmu (ne nea edi hɔ wɔ yɛn din mu): peridot.

Peridot na ɔkyerɛwee

Sɛ woresusuw aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann ho a, peridot taa yɛ nea ɛwɔ soro. Peridot, anaa chrysolite, yɛ olivine aboɔden abo. Saa abo yi taa yɛ ngodua ahabammono a emu yɛ hare nanso ɛyɛ hyew a ɛwɔ ase a ɛyɛ amber, ɛwom sɛ ebinom yɛ kwae mu ahabammono a ase yɛ kɔkɔɔ de.

Saa abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a emu yɛ hare yi agye din wɔ ayaresa nkuruwankuruwa mu esiane sɛ ɛde nna pa, nkate mu kari pɛ, ne adwennwen a ɛba fam ba nti.

Nokwasɛm biako a ebia wunnim ne sɛ wɔbɔ peridot pair-ih-doh! Nokwasɛm bi a ɛyɛ anigye kɛse mpo: abo yi bi a wɔfrɛ no space peridot , fi ahunmu ahwehwɛ mu! Sɛnea wunim no, peridot nso yɛ August awobo.

Turquoise a ɛyɛ fɛ

Turquoise yɛ kɔbere ne aluminium phosphate ɔbo a ɛnyɛ hann a nsu wom a ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono anaa bruu. Mpɛn pii no, wubehu turquoise a ɛwɔ ntini fitaa kosi bruu anaa nsensanee, a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛma wɔyɛ adwini te sɛ “spiderweb turquoise” a wɔayɛ no ahama. Ntini no yɛ matrix, a turquoise abotan a ɛgye no nkae na ɛde ba.

Ne din fi afeha a ɛto so 17 Franse asɛmfua turquois , a ɛkyerɛ “Turkish,” bere a Turkeyfo akwantufo de abo yi baa mfinimfini mmere mu Europa no mu. Nanso, na wonim turquoise mfehaha pii a atwam no, na wɔde din te sɛ callais ma tete Helafo anaa chalchihuitl ma Aztekfo.

Saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono yi yɛ akɔmfosɛm, a ɛyɛ kommyɛ ne anidaso ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔn po ne wim kɔla no kanyan asomdwoe, ayaresa, ne ahobammɔ. Nea ɛka ho no, turquoise yɛ December awobo ne ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 11 aboɔden abo!

Afei, yɛwɔ kɔbere carbonate aboɔden abo foforo a ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono: chrysocolla!

Chrysocolla a wɔfrɛ no chrysocolla

Chrysocolla yɛ kɔbere carbonate ɔbo a ɛnyɛ hann a ɛyɛ teal, tuntum-blue, anaa bruu, na mpɛn pii no ne ntini yɛ bruu. Cuprite a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama chrysocolla kɔkɔɔ ne teal a ɛwɔ kɔla abien aba, bere a dade oxide a wɔde ka ho no ma nsensanee a ɛyɛ fitaa anaa tuntum a ɛyɛ kɛse.

Sɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka ho da nkyɛn a, chrysocolla taa fra aboɔden abo afoforo ma ɛyɛ ahorow ahorow a ɛda nsow. Wɔtaa hu sɛ malachite anaa turquoise, kɔbere carbonate afoforo a wɔde afrafra ma chrysocolla nya bruu ne ahabammono soronko. Parrot Wing ahorow no de chrysocolla, jasper, azurite, ne quartz fra, na ɛma ɛyɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono-biribiri a wɔde kɔkɔɔ apetepete so.

Esiane sɛ chrysocolla kronkron di kan wɔ 2-4 a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ Mohs nsenia so nti, sɛ wɔde fra aboɔden abo afoforo a, ɛma ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Chrysocolla nkaa yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ zodiac abo ma Geminis!

Chrome Diopside na ɛwɔ hɔ

Chrome diopside yɛ diopside ɔbo a ɛho yɛ na a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo. Kɔla a emu dɔ na emu yɛ den a ɛwɔ saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ emerald yi mu no fi chromium. Saa abo yi tumi yɛ hann a ɛyɛ violet, ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ, ne borɔdɔma. Wɔsan nso wɔ brilliance (sparkle) ne pefeeyɛ a ɛkyɛn so.

Sɛ emerald-ahabammono da nkyɛn a, chrome diopside nso betumi ayɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann, sare a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn, anaa kwae mu ahabammono tuntum. Nhwɛsode akɛse taa da sunsuma a ɛyɛ tumm adi. Chrome diopside abo dodow no ara fi Siberia Apuei fam anaa Pakistan.

Chrome diopside ayɛ hokwan ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ ma nkonimdi ho sɛnkyerɛnne wɔ abakɔsɛm mu. Wɔkyerɛ edin “diopside” ase sɛ “abien” ne “anisoadehu,” sɛnea tetefo kyekyeree ɔbo no wɔ mfoniniyɛ ho no. Atetesɛm afoforo ka sɛ efi nyamesom anaa anansesɛm mu nkwa dua no mu.

Diaspore a ɛwɔ hɔ

Obiara a ɔpɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsakra kɔla wɔ nhwiren a ɛyɛ mmerɛw mu akyi no ani begye diaspore ho! Diaspore yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛda adi na ɛhyerɛn a ɛdannan fi kiwi ahabammono so kɔ kɔkɔɔ-pink so kɔ champagne so wɔ kanea soronko ase.

Saa abo yi nso yɛ dichroic, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wubehu kɔla ahorow afi afã horow, a magenta, ahabammono, ngodua, ne kɔkɔɔ ka ho. Diaspore a ɛsakra kɔla a eye sen biara no fi Turkey, baabi a wɔfrɛ abo no Zultanite anaa Csarite .

Wɔ ayaresa mu no, diaspore betumi atew amemene no mu sum so na ama nkae atu mpɔn, titiriw nsɛm a esisi ho nsɛm a ɛkɔ akyiri. Saa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann yi yɛ ɔpɛ, nkate, ne gye a wogye tom ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Moldavifo

Moldavite yɛ ngodua-ahabammono silica ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ te sɛ aboɔden abo foforo biara — denam tuo a wɔtow kɔ ahunmu bere a meteorite rebɔ, afei ɛsan hwe ase wɔ Asase so. Saa abo yi yɛ nea enni nsɛso (ɛnyɛ ahwehwɛ) na wɔsom bo kɛse ma ahwehwɛ ayaresa.

Moldavite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo taa yɛ ngodua ahabammono nanso ebetumi ayɛ ahabammono tuntum, po mu ahwehwɛ, anaa turquoise nso. Moldavite a wɔde di dwuma daa no wɔ kɔla a emu yɛ den kɛse na ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛwɔ abon wɔ n’anim. Moldavite a ɛyɛ papa no yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kɛse a ɛyɛ nea ɛte sɛ fern.

Esiane sɛ wɔhyehyɛe nti, wɔtaa tɔn moldavite sɛ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi, a wɔannoa no, da nsusuwii soronko adi, te sɛ “nhwiren a ɛpae” nsusuwso anaasɛ nkuruwankuruwa no.

Moldavite yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Sagittarius. Wɔato din nso sɛ “Nkitahodi Abo” na wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛma nkitahodi ne nkate mu ahofadi yɛ mmerɛw.

Prehnite a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo

Prehnite yɛ silicate aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono te sɛ pear a wɔn a wɔboaboa ano ani gye ho. Bere a ɛne jade nni abusuabɔ de, nanso adetɔnfo binom frɛ no “Jade Foforo.” Ɔbo no taa yɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu na ɛtaa ne epidote anaa tourmaline tuntum fra. Nea ɛka ho no, ɛhyerɛn a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ (pearlescence) wɔ owia hann ase!

Prehnite yɛ aboɔden abo a edi kan a wɔde obi (Hendrik von Prehn) din too so no mu biako ne aboɔden abo a edi kan a wɔkaa ho asɛm fi South Africa. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ wɔde ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛte sɛ nufusu yi adi dwuma bere tenten wɔ South Africa, baabi a na akɔmfo de bedi dwuma de abɔ honam fam nipasu ne ahonhom atrae no.

Bio nso, ebinom frɛ prehnite sɛ “Adaeso Ɔbo” na wɔde di dwuma de dae a emu da hɔ anaasɛ dae nkyerɛase. Prehnite yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo a ɛyɛ anigye ma Scorpio, Capricorn, ne Libra.

Hiddenite a wɔde asie

Hiddenite yɛ spodumene aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ ahabammono ahorow a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, mint, emerald-ahabammono, ne ahabammono a ɛtra hɔ daa ka ho. Ɔbo no a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ fɛ no ma wɔtoo din lithia emerald .

Hiddenite wɔ pleochroism soronko wɔ ahabammono-kɔla, emerald, teal, ne kɔla a enni kɔla mu. Mpɛn pii no, ahwehwɛ no atifi bɛyɛ tuntum na n’afã horow nso bɛyɛ hare.

Ɔbo no a wohuu no sii wɔ akwanhyia mu bere a WE Hidden a na wɔrehwehwɛ platinum ama Thomas Edison no huu hiddenite no.

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛsa yare no, hiddenite betumi aboa wɔ adwennwen ano aduru ne nkate fam ahoɔden a wɔde gyina ano mu. Ɛsan nso yɛ zodiac ɔbo ma Libra!

Agate a wɔfrɛ no Agate

Agate yɛ chalcedony aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ translucent, banded kuw a egu ahorow. Agate a ɛyɛ ahabammono ahorow atitiriw anan na ɛwɔ hɔ:

• Green Agate : Ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea emu dɔ a wɔde yɛ tete Misrifo agude, nsɔano, ne po so ahyɛn.

• Moss Agate : Ɛyɛ ahabammono titiriw, a ɛwɔ afã horow a enni kɔla a ɛte sɛ nufusu anaasɛ ɛda adi, a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ fern-ahabammono anaa bruu-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mossy a ɛka ho.

• Indian Agate : Aduru ahorow a ɛte sɛ asase a ɛwɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono titiriw, a mpɛn pii no wɔde aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a efi India ka ho.

• Botswana Agate : Ɛyɛ pink ne grey ahorow a wotumi hu a wɔde ahabammono ne fitaa abɔ so.

Indiafo agate wɔ honhom fam ntease titiriw. Ɛyɛ nea agye din ma mala nhwiren anaa mpaebɔ nhwiren a nyamesom akannifo taa hyɛ. Wɔ Indiafo amammerɛ mu no, wɔfrɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ ahabammono no sɛ anyansafo baasa bo: Rishifo, Sadhufo, ne Fakirfo.

Agate abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono nyinaa yɛ ayamye ne tema ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nea wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ ahwehwɛ ayaresa mu ma abo yi bi ne ntawntawdi a wosiesie ne nkate mu nimdeɛ a wɔma ɛkɔ soro.

Tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Worehwehwɛ abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛte sɛ emerald? Hwehwɛ baabi foforo biara nsen tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono! Verdelite tourmaline ne emerald di nsɛ kɛse nanso ɛyɛ tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono no mu biako pɛ:

• Chrome Tourmaline : Dravite tourmaline a ɛho yɛ na na ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn a efi Tanzania.

• Paraíba Tourmaline : Nea ɛho yɛ na na ɛsom bo sen biara, neon bruu, bruu-ahabammono, anaa violet elbaite tourmaline a emu yɛ den a efi Brazil. Wɔyɛ tourmalines a ɛyɛ nwini pii ho adwuma ma ɛte sɛ nea ɛbɛn Paraíba.

• Verdelite : Elbaite tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono te sɛ emerald a wɔfrɛ no “Ceylonese peridot” anaa “Brazilian emerald.”

• Watermelon Tourmaline : Elbaite tourmaline a ɛwɔ kɔla abien a ɛyɛ pink ne ahabammono a ne mfinimfini yɛ pink na n’ano yɛ ahabammono anaasɛ kɔla ahorow a wɔaboaboa ano.

Tourmalines a ɛyɛ ahabammono wɔ pleochroism a emu yɛ den wɔ tuntum kosi kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono mu, ɛwom sɛ nea eye sen biara no kyerɛ ahabammono ne bruu a ɛkyerɛ kwan de. Green ahorow nso wɔ Type I kɔla aboɔden abo a emu da hɔ , tourmaline ahorow no mu pefeeyɛ a eye sen biara.

Tourmaline wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ nyankontɔn, nanso nea edi kan a aban no hui wɔ 1554 mu ne tourmaline a ɛyɛ ahabammono. Ɔbo no yɛ October awobo ne ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 8 aboɔden abo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so!

Topaz a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Ebia wunim topaz kɔla afoforo te sɛ topaz bruu yiye, nanso topaz a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ akansifo a ɔfata bere a ɛfa abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde yɛ agude ho no. Esiane sɛ ɛwɔ 8 wɔ Mohs nsenia so, pleochroism a ɛhyerɛn, na emu da hɔ yiye nti, saa abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hare yi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma nkaa anaa kɔnmuade.

Topaz a ɛyɛ ahabammono da teal a ɛhyerɛn, enni kɔla, ne pleochroism a ɛyɛ ahabammono adi. Topaz kɔla afoforo tumi hyerɛn denam fluorescence a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono anaa ahabammono-fitaa so. Topaz abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono dodow no ara fi Ural Mmepɔw a ɛwɔ Russia anaa New South Wales.

December nkokoaa a wɔpɛ ahabammono sen bruu no betumi apaw wɔn awobo no a ɛyɛ ahabammono, ne wɔn a wɔredi wɔn ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 4 no! Wɔwoo no wɔ November mu? Topaz yɛ November awobo nso!

Fluorite a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Fluorite yɛ calcium fluoride aboɔden abo a ne kɔla ahorow dɔɔso. Kɔla ahorow a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne ahabammono ne kɔkɔɔ. Kɔla-zoning anaa banding nso abu so, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ ahabammono, bruu, ne kɔkɔɔ. Bio nso, fluorite abo a ɛsakra kɔla no dan fi bruu anaa bruu-ahabammono so kɔ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne lavender so wɔ ɔhyew mu.

Sɛnea ɛte wɔ fluorite nyinaa ho no, sɛnea wohu aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi ba fam kodu ne fluorescence so. Bere a ebinom wɔ hann kɔkɔɔ no, fluorite dodow no ara wɔ hann bruu-violet a ano yɛ den. Na, adwene a ɛne sɛ fluorescence no fi fluorite a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn soronko a wohuu no mu.

Tete honhom mu gyidi ahorow a ɛfa fluorite ho no kyerɛe sɛ ɛma nea ɔhyɛ no nya nyansa ne honhom mu nhumu. Ɛnnɛ, wɔato saa ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum yi din “Bakoyɛ Abo” na ɛyɛ ɔman no aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ Illinois, U.S.A.

Jasper a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Jasper abo yɛ chalcedony aboɔden abo a ɛnyɛ hann kuw bi a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow ahorow, a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ asase nne.

Momma yɛnhwɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann ne tuntum din a ɛwɔ jasper abusua no mu:

• Green Jasper : Ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hare kosi tuntum a Amerikafo Ankasa frɛ no “osu de ba.”

• Bloodstone/Heliotrope : Ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum a ɛwɔ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ anaa mogya kɔkɔɔ a efi hematite mu.

• Fancy Jasper : Ɛyɛ nea ɛte sɛ mogya abo, nanso ɛwɔ kɔla afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne kɔkɔɔ (rose, beige, ne brown) ka ho.

• Rainforest Jasper : Ɛyɛ rhyolite a ɛyɛ lime-green a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, fitaa, ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛka ho. Ebia ɛwɔ matrix tuntum ne fitaa, na lime green crystal no din nso ka “Jungle Jasper.”

• Green Imperial Jasper : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ hyew a ɛwɔ pastel a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, pink, bruu, ne fitaa a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn.

• Turquoise Jasper : Ɛyɛ turquoise kɔla a ɛwɔ nsensanee tuntum ne nsensanee.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔka sɛ jasper abo ma obi hu ne ho na ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ. Amerikafo Ankasa gye di sɛ jasper a ɛyɛ ahabammono betumi de osu aba, bere a ahwehwɛ ayaresafo de jasper a ɛyɛ fɛ anaa kwae mu jasper di dwuma de hyɛ anigye ho nkuran. Bio nso, mogya bo yɛ March awobo !

Green Opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Opals a wɔtaa de di dwuma (nea enni play-of-color) wɔ nipadua mu nne ahorow pii , a ahabammono ka ho! October awobo yi wɔ ahorow pii a emerald-ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, ne mpɛn pii no, jade a wɔayɛ no mum ka ho.

Opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono a eye sen biara no fi Tanzania ne Madagascar. Tanzania opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔfrɛ no prase opals no yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann na ɛyɛ ahabammono te sɛ jade. Madagascar opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono no taa yɛ ahabammono a ɛte sɛ lime. Opals a ɛyɛ ahabammono bi wɔ mineral anaa organic inclusions, nkoekoemmoa anaa mmoa a wɔatutu fam mpo !

Nanso, sɛ wuhu ɔbo bi a wɔfrɛ no “green swiss opal” a, ɛnyɛ opal na mmom wɔato din a ɛnteɛ sɛ chrysolite. Nea ɛsɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ wɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono yi ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu no ho ni:

• Nufusu a ɛhyerɛn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ nsu no ase.

• Ebia webbing anaa speckling, nanso nsensanee a ɛkɔ soro, kɔla-banding, anaa nsusuwso a ɛyɛ nwonwa biara nni hɔ.

• Tumi a wɔde aboɔden abo biara a ɛboro 5.5-6 twetwe no wɔ Mohs nsenia so.

Abodin a wɔde frɛ opal wɔ metaphysical mu ne “Stone of Resolution,” esiane sɛ wɔkyerɛ sɛ etumi boa wo ma wogyae dadwen na wosa wo yare fi ahodwiriw mu nti. Saa abo yi nso gyina hɔ ma ayamye ne ɔdɔ.

Calcite a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Green calcite yɛ calcium carbonate mineral calcite ahodoɔ, a wonim no sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ nnwuma ahodoɔ te sɛ adansiɛ ne kuayɛ mu. Nneɛma titiriw a wonya fi calcite a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne Brazil ne Mexico.

Calcite yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛto so 3 pɛ wɔ Mohs nsenia so, enti abo a wɔahwe ase anaa cabochons abu so sen agude a ɛwɔ afã horow . Nanso, wɔn hann no yɛ nwonwa, na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn a ɛwɔ fluorescence, phosphorescence, ne thermoluminescence.

Saa abo yi hyɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ Sagittarius ne Pisces fɛ. Wɔ ayaresa mu no, calcite agye din sɛnea ɛhyɛ wo nhumu ne wo nkae mu den.

Ɔsram Abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono

Ɔsram abo yɛ orthoclase feldspar aboɔden abo a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ adularescence, emu hann a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ bruu-fitaa a ɛte sɛ ɔsram hann. Bere a ɔsram abo a ɛho tew nni kɔla , dade a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama kɔla ahorow te sɛ ahabammono aba! Rainbow moonstone, ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne borɔdɔma, yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ fɛ nanso nokwarem no ɛyɛ labradorite ahorow, ɛnyɛ ɔsram abo.

Ɔsram abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono betumi ayɛ nea ɛda adi kosi nea ɛyɛ hann. Wɔtaa nya centipede inclusions — mpaapaemu nketewa, teateaa, a ɛtwam. Ɔsram abo nso betumi ada chatoyancy (“ɔkraman aniwa” nkɛntɛnso) ne asterism, nsoromma a ɛwɔ hann a ɛdannan a ɛwɔ hann 4 anaa 6 adi.

Ɔsram abo mu akɔnnɔ ne ɔdɔ, ne mmea ahoɔden a wogye tom. Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, saa aboɔden abo yi hyɛ Kokoram sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow fɛ!

Sɛ yɛkɔ so a, dɛn na wɔfrɛ sage green crystal? Aventurine a ɛyɛ ahabammono!

Aventurine a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Aventurine yɛ quartz ne feldspar aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow pii. Nanso, green aventurines na abu so na wɔdɔ no sen biara. Saa ahwehwɛ yi taa yɛ sage ahabammono nanso ebetumi ayɛ shamrock anaa kwae mu ahabammono nso.

Nneɛma bi a wɔde ka ho betumi asesa aventurine kɔla ayɛ no ahabammono afoforo. Sɛ nhwɛso no, fuchsite betumi ama ɔbo no ayɛ nsukyenee-ahabammono anaa bruu, bere a goethite tumi ma ɛyɛ ahabammono-biribiri.

Wonim aventurine yiye sɛ ɛyɛ aventurescence, dade a ɛhyerɛn a mica anaa pyrite a wɔde ka ho na ɛde ba . Wɔka sɛ honhom fam no, green aventurine de yiyedi ne ne ho a wogye tom ba.

Green Diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono

Green yɛ diamond kɔla a wɔntaa nhu no mu biako, titiriw abɔde mu de. Mpɛn pii no, abohene a ɛyɛ ahabammono no wɔ ase yɛ bruu, fitaa, anaa kɔkɔɔ. Nhwɛsode ahorow a ne bo yɛ den sen biara, a wɔde “Fancy Intense” anaa “Fancy Vivid” ahyɛ mu no wɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ ma na ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ ɛnne a ɛwɔ mfinimfini mu.

Saa abohene yi betumi ayɛ nea wɔayɛ, nea wɔayɛ ho adwuma, anaa nea efi abɔde mu. Diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono a efi awosu mu no nam abɔde mu mframa a ɛbɔ, nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ahorow, anaa nneɛma bi te sɛ nitrogen anaa nikel a ɛwɔ hɔ so na ɛba.

Ayaresa a wɔde yɛ diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono bi ne mframa a wɔde bɔ ne silica a ɛyɛ tratraa a wɔde kata so. Wɔ abɔde mu abohene a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔayɛ ho adwuma wɔ lab nyinaa mu no, kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a efi mu ba no taa yɛ ade a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛwɔ soro nkutoo, enti saa aboɔden abo yi anim a wɔde bɛhyɛ mu no ntaa mma.

Diamond abien a agye din a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne Dresden Green ne Aurora Green. Dresden Green yɛ diamond a ne kɛse yɛ carat 41, a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛwɔ kɔla biako, a wodii kan kyerɛw too hɔ wɔ 1772. Aurora Green yɛ diamond a ne kɛse yɛ carat 5 “Fancy Vivid” a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde ahyɛ ring mu. Saa daimond yi yɛɛ kyerɛwtohɔ abien: diamond a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ne bo yɛ den sen biara a wɔtɔn wɔ aguadidan mu (dɔla ɔpepem 16.2) ne Fancy Vivid diamond a ɛso sen biara a ɛyɛ ahabammono a efi abɔde mu.

Ɛmfa ho sɛnea wɔayɛ no, April awo abo yi yɛ mfiase foforo ne nkɔso ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Dua Wo Ntini a Wɔde Aboɔden Abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono Dua!

Ɛho nhia sɛ woyɛ turoyɛfo ansa na woanya nsateaa a ɛyɛ ahabammono — hyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono kɛkɛ! Sɛ́ ebia wopɛ prehnite a ɛyɛ nufusu ahabammono, jasper a ɛyɛ asase so kɔla, anaasɛ emerald a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔtaa yɛ no, ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ hɔ a ɛretwɛn wo!

Mma ahoɔyaw nyɛ ahabammono — hwehwɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a w’ani gye ho nnɛ!

Emerald

Malachite

Chrysocolla

Jade