發佈於9th May 2018
修改於4th Oct 2024
Rutile a Wɔde Ka Ho Wɔ Aboɔden abo Mu
Dɛn ne rutile? Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a titanium dioxide titiriw na ɛwom. Ɛyɛ titanium oxide a abu so sen biara, a ɛyɛ abɔde mu de. Ɛka refractive indices a ɛkorɔn sen biara a wotumi hu sen crystal biara a onipa nim no ho. Ne refractive index yɛ 2.616 kosi 2.903, bere a diamond yɛ 2.417 kosi 2.419. Ɛwɔ tumi a ɛtwe ade ba fam pɔtee a ɛyɛ 4.2 kosi 4.3 na ne denden dodow wɔ Mohs nsenia so yɛ 6 kosi 6.5.
Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛfata nti, mfaso wɔ so titiriw ma nneɛma bi a wɔde hwɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma. Titiriw no, wɔ polarization optics mu. Rutile akoraeɛ titire no wɔ Sierra Leone a ɛwɔ wiase no mu nneɛma 30%. Wobetumi ahu rutile afoforo a wɔde asie wɔ Arkansas, Switzerland Alps mmepɔw, ne Brazil.
Abɔdeɛ mu rutile tumi kura dadeɛ a ɛkɔduru 10% ne tantalum ne niobium dodoɔ a ɛho hia. Wonyaa edin no fii Latin kasa- rutilus a ɛkyerɛ kɔkɔɔ mu. Eyi yɛ ne kɔla kɔkɔɔ a emu dɔ sɛnea wohu bere a hann a wɔde fa nnipa mu hwɛ no ho asɛm. Ɛwom sɛ ɛsono ne kɔla, na ebetumi ayɛ tuntum, sika kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ bruu, ne mogya kɔkɔɔ de. Kɔla no fi dade a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo no mu.
Rutile a wɔde nneɛma ayɛ
Wohu abɔde mu rutile sɛ aboɔden abo ɛwom sɛ wohu no kɛse sɛ ɛka aboɔden abo ahorow afoforo ho de. Wɔasan nso atoto ho sɛ ɔbo a ɔboaboa nneɛma ano.
Nanso, wɔ 1948 mu no, wodii kan yɛɛ rutile a wɔde nneɛma ayɛ. Wɔde oxygen a ɛboro so na ɛyɛɛ no wɔ Verneuil adeyɛ no mu nsakrae titiriw bi mu . Esiane sɛ ɛwɔ refractive index kɛse nti, ɛwɔ anim te sɛ diamond ne adamantine lustre.
Wɔtɔn mmara a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma wɔ din te sɛ Titania ase wɔ 1950 mfe no mu sɛ ade a ɛkanyan daimond. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, rutile nyɛ den titiriw, enti awiei koraa no, wɔde daimond a wɔde yɛ mfonini a na ɛyɛ den kɛse sii ananmu.
Rutile a Wɔde Di Dwuma & Nea Wɔde Ka Ho
Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtaa de boa wɔ abotan a ɛyɛ den ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro a ɛyɛ metamorphic ne igneous abotan mu.
Rutile a wɔayam no yiye yɛ aduru fitaa a wɔde yɛ plastic, nnuan, paint, krataa ne biribiara a wɔde di dwuma a ɛhwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔla fitaa a ɛhyerɛn. Pigment no ne titanium a wɔde di dwuma kɛse wɔ wiase nyinaa. Rutile nanoscale nneɛma nketenkete no yɛ nea hann a wotumi hu no tumi kɔ mu, nanso etu mpɔn kɛse wɔ mframa a ano yɛ den a ɛtwetwe mu. Ɛyɛ esiane sɛ ɛyɛ tumi a ɛtwetwe UV nti na wɔtaa de rutile di dwuma wɔ owia aduru mu de bɔ honam ani ho ban fi UV a ɛsɛe ho.
Rutile nnade nketewa a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo mu no na ɛde aniwa mu adeyɛ a wɔfrɛ no asterism no ba. Wɔsan frɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde asteriated ayɛ sɛ nsoromma aboɔden abo. Wɔhwehwɛ nsoromma aboɔden abo kɛse na mpɛn pii no ɛsom bo sen wɔn mfɛfo a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no. Aboɔden abo a wonim no kɛse a nsoromma a efi rutile mu na ɛyɛ ne nsoromma Sapphire ne nsoromma Ruby .
Rutile yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ anigye esiane nsonsonoe a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛsono emu biara mu nti Ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ soronko ne tell-tale styles, kɔla ahorow, ne fekubɔ ahorow. Ebetumi afi dade ketewa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ tuntum so, akosi dade ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ so, kosi sika kɔkɔɔ nnade a ɛhyerɛn so. Nneɛma a ɛte sɛ dade no mpo yɛ hann kakra twa anoano no ho hyia wɔ akyi kanea ase, na ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ tuntum a ɛyɛ hann kakra.
Wonim Rutile sɛ ɛyɛ ne su sɛ ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛka bom wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo mu, titiriw quartz. Saa nneɛma a wɔde ka ho te sɛ nnade yi yɛ tratraa na ɛware, te sɛ sare ahwehwɛ. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no fi nhama a ɛyɛ den a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ so kosi nnade a apete so wɔ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ ɔyare mmoawa no mu so. Wɔfrɛ nea wɔaka abom no rutilated quartz , na wɔde yɛ aboɔden abo ne aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano.
Rutile a wɔde ka ho no na ɛde chatoyancy anaa asterism nkɛntɛnso a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo te sɛ nsoromma safir so no ba. Rutile nhama a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ a ɛba wɔ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ ɔyare mmoawa no mu no ma wonya aniwa so nkɛntɛnso soronko.
Nneɛma a Wɔde Ka Ho a Wɔhwɛ
Wubetumi de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ahwɛ aboɔden abo no, na sɛ woyɛ eyi a, wubetumi ahu nneɛma ko a wɔde ka ho ne dodow a wɔde ka ho. Eyi a wobɛyɛ no betumi aboa wo ma woahu sɛ ebia aboɔden abo no yɛ nea wɔde ayɛ anaasɛ abɔde mu nneɛma, na saa nsɛm no nya bo a aboɔden abo no som so nkɛntɛnso.
Bio nso, sɛ wugye bere sua aboɔden abo wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete ase a, ɛboa wo ma woyɛ w’ankasa nhomakorabea a wɔde nneɛma a wɔde aniwa hu ka ho. Bere kɔ so no wubetumi atwe adwene asi nneɛma pii a wode aka ho a woahwɛ mu bere a worehwehwɛ aboɔden abo foforo mu no.
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wugye bere de afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete hwɛ wo aboɔden abo a, ma afotu yi ntra w’adwenem:
Hwɛ sɛ wobɛdannan na wowosow aboɔden abo no bere a worehwɛ no, eyi hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛhwɛ no afi mmeae ahorow.
Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka ho mu yiye a hwɛ hu sɛ wobɛyɛ saa wɔ kanea mmeae pii, a hann a ɛyɛ polarized, bright-field, fiber optic hann, ne darkfield ka ho. Eyi bɛma woahu sɛnea aboɔden abo no yɛ n’ade wɔ kanea tebea horow a wɔahyɛ so mu, na ɛno bɛma woahu nsɛm a ɛsom bo a ɛfa nneɛma a wɔde aka ho no ho. Ebia kanea biara bɛma woanya nsɛm foforo na aboa wo ma woakyere biribi a ebia sɛ wode kanea biako pɛ na edii dwuma a, anka wunhuu bi.
Hwɛ mfɛnsere a ɛtrɛw sen biara a ɛwɔ abohene no mu kan- eyi ne mpɛn pii no pon no afã. Afei hwɛ pavilion a aboɔden abo no- eyi ma wohu a eye kyɛn so wɔ biribiara a ɛka ho.
Mfomso pii a ɛwɔ mu (a wɔsan frɛ no nneɛma a wɔde ka ho) a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo mu no ma ɛho nhia. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no te sɛ nsateaa nkyerɛwee pii a aboɔden abo biara wɔ n’ankasa mu nhyehyɛe soronko. Aboɔden abo biara wɔ n’ankasa ankorankoro su na aboɔden abo abien biara nni hɔ a ɛyɛ pɛ na wɔde nneɛma a wɔde ka ho di dwuma de kyerɛ aboɔden abo pɔtee bi. Aboɔden abo biara yɛ soronko te sɛ sukyerɛmma, na ɛsono ne kɛse, ne kɔla, ne mu duru, ne fĩ, ne ne ho tew. Wɔnam abɔde so na ɛyɛ, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde nneɛma a wɔayɛ, anaasɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ nhwehwɛmu dan mu na wɔma ɛyɛ kɛse. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho betumi ama aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ anigye sen biara no ayɛ soronko kɛse mpo.
Nneɛma ahorow pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde ka ho, a nsu, mframa, aniwa ne ade a ɛyɛ den ka ho. Rutile a wɔde ka ho no hyɛ kuw a ɛyɛ den no mu. Biribiara a wɔde ka ho no ka aboɔden abo bo a ɛsono, nanso mpɛn pii no, rutile a wɔde ka ho no ma bo kɔ soro. Titiriw bere a woredi velvety silk rutile a wɔde ka ho no ho dwuma no.
Inclusions nyɛ ade nko ara a factors wɔ bo a aboɔden abo- aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ inclusions ne efĩ betumi akɔ so abu no sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ nhwɛsode na ɛda adi sɛ ɛsom bo sen sɛnea wususuwii. Mmu w’ani ngu aboɔden abo a wɔde nneɛma ka ho so da ansa na woahwɛ nokwasɛm ahorow no nyinaa.
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