發佈於18th Oct 2018
修改於2nd Aug 2023
Mineral Nhwɛsode a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma
Dɛn nti na wɔboaboa aboɔden abo ano?
Wɔaboaboa aboɔden abo ne ahwehwɛ ano fi bere a yɛn nananom a wodi kan huu no. Mmeae pii a wosiee ansa na abakɔsɛm reba no kura mineral afã horow ne ahwehwɛ ahorow a na wɔde yɛ nyamesom atirimpɔw ahorow.
Aboɔden abo yɛ Asase so ahonyade; ɔbo biara yɛ soronko na onipa ntumi nsuasua. Aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano no gyee din wɔ Victoria bere so. Ahemmaa, Ahene, ne ahemman a wɔwɔ Europa nyinaa boaboaa aboɔden abo ano ntɛmntɛm, na na wɔtaa twaa wɔn ho wɔn ho mpoa wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho.
Europa kurow kɛse biara de aboɔden abo a wɔaboaboa ano sie abɔde ho abakɔsɛm tete nneɛma akorae a wɔasisi no yiye na ahobammɔ wom mu. Nhwɛso a edi mũ ne Britania mfoniniyɛfo ne ɔkyerɛwfo a wagye din, John Ruskin (1821-1910) a ɔhwɛɛ aboɔden abo kɛse bi so. Ná United States nso wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 ne 19 mu nnipa pii a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano a wɔagye din.
Nneɛma a wɔboaboa ano a agye din sen biara no biako, Washington Augustus Roebling na ɔkoraa so. Nea ɔboaboaa ano no ne mfiase a wɔyɛɛ Amerika nhoma ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara a wobetumi ahu wɔ Ɔman Abakɔsɛm mu wɔ Smithsonian.
Wɔyɛ ɔyɛkyerɛ ne nneɛma a wɔde kyerɛ wɔ Europa ne U.S. Mmeae bi a agye din ne Denver, Munich ne Tucson a ɛkyerɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano a agye din no mu dodow no ara. Aboɔden abo a wɔhwehwɛ no renya nkɔanim esiane ahonyade a wɔreyɛ wɔ Asia ne mmeae foforo a wotu fagude a ɛwɔ Amerika Kesee Fam, China ne Pakistan a wɔabue nti.
Mprempren wɔresan akanyan atopae a ɛyerae mfe 50 anaa 100 nso na wɔayɛ nsakrae wɔ mu sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wobeyi nhwɛsode pa ara kwa. Wɔn a wɔtɔn aboɔden abo a wɔde aboɔden abo foforo a wɔahu rehu mmeae foforo wɔ wiase nyinaa.
Dɛn ne Aboɔden abo?
Aboɔden abo ne abotan a ɛwɔ hɔ no abotan ahorow bɛboro 4,900 a wonim. Nneɛma a ɛho hia a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo mu no bi wɔ ase ha:
Wobetumi ahu aboɔden abo wɔ asase mu na ɛyɛ nneɛma a ɛwɔ honam fam. Wɔtaa hu wɔ abotan, nsu ne dɔte mu. Aboɔden abo bi te sɛ dwetɛ anaa sika kɔkɔɔ yɛ ade biako pɛ.
Aboɔden abo afoforo te sɛ calcite ne quartz yɛ nneɛma abien anaa nea ɛboro saa a wɔaka abom. Minerals wɔ element makeup a ɛyɛ pɛ bere nyinaa. Sɛ nhwɛso no, silicon fã biako ne oxygen fã abien na ɛyɛ quartz. Mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo wɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den a ne fã yɛ tratraa pii mu.
Sɛ nhwɛso no, quartz ahwehwɛ bi wɔ ahinanan nsusuwii mu esiane sɛnea silicon ne oxygen atɔm ahorow abom nti. Mpɛn pii no oxygen yɛ ade a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo pii mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛka bom yɛ oxygen no yɛ asase no fã.
Aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛtrɛw ne mica, horneblend ne feldspar. Wonim aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko na ne bo yɛ den sen biara no sɛ aboɔden abo. Rubies, emerald, ne diamond yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛte saa ho nhwɛso a edi mũ. Dwetɛ ne sika kɔkɔɔ nso yɛ aboɔden abo a wonim no yiye, na wɔde saa abɔde mu nneɛma yi yɛ agude a ɛyɛ fɛ.
Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔregye Minerals atom?
Ɛda adi kɛse sɛ woresusuw sɛnea abenfo ahu aboɔden abo bɛboro 4,900 no ho. Wiɛ, aboɔden abo wɔ nneɛma pɔtee bi, anaa nneɛma bi a ɛma yetumi hu. Wobetumi ahu aboɔden abo denam ne sunsuma, ne patina, ne nsensanee, ne mpaapaemu, nea ɛko tia, nea ɛkyerɛ pɔtee, ne mpo ne element ahorow a ɛwɔ mu no so. Ase hɔ no yɛ aboɔden aboɔ no su pɔtee a ɛka ho ne aboɔden aboɔ ho nhwɛsoɔ bi a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ su a ɛte saa mu. Yɛwɔ anidaso sɛ saa nsɛm yi bɛboa wo ma woahu aboɔden abo no yiye.
Sum:
Wohu aboɔden abo pii wɔ sunsuma ahorow bi mu. Nea ɛka ho no, wim tebea betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ aboɔden abo no sunsuma mu. Nhwɛsoɔ: quartz du kɔla ahodoɔ: pefee, nufusuo ne rose.
Patina: .
Patina ne ɔkwan a aboɔden abo bi fa so yɛ hann. Wobetumi ayɛ aboɔden abo ho mfonini sɛ ɛyɛ nnam, ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ, ɛyɛ torotoro, ɛhyerɛn, srade wom, ɛhyerɛn, anaasɛ ɛyɛ kusuu. Sɛ nhwɛso no, abohene hyerɛn. Talc wɔ patina a srade wom, quartz wɔ hann a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na gypsum wɔ hann a ɛhyerɛn. Pyrite anaa ɔkwasea sika kɔkɔɔ, sɛnea ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no no, wɔ hann a ano yɛ nnam.
Nsensaneeɛ soronko:
Streak yɛ kɔla a ɛwɔ minerals powder mu. Aboɔden abo pii da kɔla ahorow adi bere a wɔde powerder ayɛ no sen sɛnea ɛte wɔ nea ɛyɛ den mu. Wobetumi anya streak denam twe a wɔbɛtwe anoano bi afa prɛte a wɔtaa de porcelain tile so. Sɛ yɛbɛyɛ mfatoho a, pyrite wɔ dade ne kɔkɔɔ a wɔde ayɛ. Nanso ɛma ɛyɛ ahabammono ne tuntum a bere a wɔde apetepete baabi a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ so.
Nkyekyɛmu: .
Mpaapaemu ba bere a aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ pintinn mu paapae wɔ ɔkwan pɔtee bi so no. Sɛ nhwɛso no, galena mu paapae yɛ kuruwa nketenkete bere a, Mica mu paapae yɛ nkratafa a ayɛ mmerɛw. Calcite mu paapae yɛ birikisi a ɛyɛ ahinanan. Feldspar mu paapaee yɛɛ no anammɔn kakraa bi na quartz mu paapaee yɛɛ no asinasin a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Nkotia:
Sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛpete aboɔden abo bi so na ɛma wotumi ko tia. Sɛ nhwɛso no, wobetumi abubu Talc, aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara a wɔahu no afa wo nsateaa nnadewa mu. Diamond, aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den sen biara no tumi twitwiw aboɔden abo afoforo nanso wontumi nsɛe no.
Nkyerɛase Pɔtee:
Nea ɛkyerɛ pɔtee a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo mu no gyina ne mu duru a wɔde toto ho a wɔde toto nsu a ɛyɛ pɛ kɛse ho no so. Ɛma sɛnea aboɔden abo no yɛ den no si hɔ. Ebia aboɔden abo ahorow abien a ɛsono ne kɛse yɛ pɛ, nanso ebia ɛsono wɔn kɛse. Nsu wɔ ntease titiriw bi a ɛfa biako ho.
Nkyerɛase a Ɛkyerɛ Aboɔden abo
Mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ hɔ no nhyia koraa wɔ sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ no mu, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ loutish dodo anaasɛ ne kɛse nyɛ pɛ na ɛyɛ mmɔbɔ dodo wɔ grade mu.
搜尋Gemstone Encyclopedia
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