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Ross Sedawie
Ross Sedawie

發佈於9th May 2018

修改於21st Nov 2023

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika

afrikafo aboɔden abo Mpɛn pii no, wohu aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so no wɔ Amerika Kesee Fam ne Asia titiriw wɔ Brazil, Burma, ne Sri Lanka. Mprempren, Afrika reyɛ anigye dodow no ara a ɛfa aboɔden abo ho wɔ wiase.

Bere a nnipa dodow no ara behu sɛ Afrika na wonya abohene fibea titiriw no, aboɔden abo a wɔde kɔla ayɛ ho aguadi reyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse nkakrankakra. Ɛwom sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a wɔyɛ no trɛw fa mmeae nketewa pii a wotu fagude mu wɔ aman pii so de. Wobetumi ahu Afrika aman a wɔyɛ nneɛma titiriw no wɔ kesee fam ne apuei fam mantam no mu.

Saa aman yi trɛw fi Namibia wɔ anafo fam atɔe kosi Ethiopia ne Madagascar a ɛyɛ supɔw kɛse a ɛwɔ Mozambique mpoano no. Wɔn nyinaa da ɔmantam koro no ara a aboɔden abo pii wɔ hɔ a wɔfrɛ no Neoproterozoic Mozambique Belt no so.

Aboɔden abo a Efi Afrika

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika Abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a efi Afrika mmeae a wotu fam no sakra bere nyinaa a wofi ase hu ew aboɔden abo dapɛn abien biara. Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ adetɔfo sɛ “wɔntɔ bere a wubetumi” efisɛ abo no dɔɔso nanso ebia ɛrennɔ afe a edi hɔ no mu. Eyi ne nea ɛtoo Spessartite Garnet fɛfɛ a efi Namibia bae no.

Bere a abo da so ara wɔ hɔ a efi Namibia no, ɛnyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobenya, na mprempren Spessartite Garnet dodow no ara fi Mozambique. Aman a ɛho hia paa a wɔyɛɛ saa abo yi nnansa yi ne Madagascar, Tanzania, ne Mozambique. Nanso, wonim Madagascar yiye wɔ Safir ne Ruby a wɔahu nnansa yi no ho.

Nea ɛka ɔbo a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no ho no, aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔahu no bi ne:

Mozambique na ɛwɔ hɔ

Mozambique nso abɛyɛ aman a agye din a wɔyɛ Paraiba Tourmaline no mu biako, na mprempren Paraiba a wɔde ma wɔ wiase nyinaa no mu dodow no ara fi Mozambique.

Ebia adwuma a ɛho hia sen biara a wobetu wɔ Mozambique mprempren no bɛyɛ Gemfields Mozambique Ruby a wotu fagude no. Wɔretutu Rubies yi na wɔretɔn wɔ gua so tẽẽ denam aguadidan bi so. Bere a wobu Burma Rubies sɛ ɛyɛ nea eye sen biara wɔ wiase no, aguadi ho anohyeto wɔ hɔ a ɛmma wontumi nkɔ USA. Eyi ama abɔde mu Ruby a wɔde ma wɔ ɔman no mu no so atew koraa. Mozambique Rubies bɛhyɛ saa kwan no ma denam Red rubies a ɛyɛ fɛ yiye a wɔbɛyɛ fr Amerika gua so no so.

Nigeria

Esiane sɛ wɔabara aboɔden abo a efi Brazil a wɔde ma no ano hye koraa nti, wobuu Nigeria sɛ ɛno ne ɔman a ɛde ma sen biara wɔ Afrika Atɔe Fam aman no mu. Eyi yɛ nea ɛho hia efisɛ enni Mozambique Belt.

Nigeria yɛ kɛse-bu no sɛ it'd blue sapphire ne tourmaline pa pii nso. Nigeria nso yɛ nea wonim no yiye wɔ Sapphire, AlmandineGarnet, Aquamarine, ne Topaz ho.

Tanzania na ɛwɔ hɔ

Saa bere yi nyinaa, Tanzania yɛ beae kɛse a wonya aboɔden abo. Nnwumakuw no de bɛboro ɔpepem 500 yɛ adwuma dedaw wɔ mmeae nketewa a wotu fagude mu. Tanzania yɛ beae a wonim no yiye titiriw wɔ Tanzanite .Afe yi Tanzanian Spinels a efi Mahenge ayɛ nea wɔagye din kɛse. Saa Spinels yi kɔla ahorow betumi ne Ruby a ɛyɛ fɛ sen biara no asi akan na ɛrenya nkɔanim nkakrankakra wɔ agye din mu. Aboɔden abo afoforo a efi Tanzania no bi ne Rhodolite Garnet a ɛyɛ nwonwa, Tsavorite Garnet, ne abo pii a ɛyɛ soronko te sɛ zircon a wɔanhyew. Mozambique nso reyɛ tourmaline a eye kyɛn so a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow.

Nneɛma a wonya fi saa mmeae a wotu fagude yi mu no sua koraa. Wɔ 1960 mfe no mfinimfini no, wohuu nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ Tanzania, titiriw wɔ Aquamarine, Ruby, Sapphire, ne Emerald ho. Nneɛma a wohuu yi mu nea ɛho hia sen biara ne aboɔden abo abien a aba foforo no. wɔfrɛ wɔn Tanzanite ne Tsavorite Garnet.

Mozambique Nsakrae a Ɛyɛ Nsakrae Belt

Aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo ahorow no ne Mozambique Metamorphic Belt a ɛyɛ asasepɔn kɛse bi a adi bɛboro mfe ɔpepem 600 no fã titiriw sen biara. Wobu no sɛ ɔmantam a ɛsakrae fi Madagascar kosi Kenya atifi fam. Wɔ 1970 mfe no mfiase mu hɔ no, asase ho animdefo dii aboɔden abo akyi wɔ Kenya ne Tanzania hye so.

Eyi ma wohu ruby ​​foforo bi ne Tsavoritefo a wohuu no nwonwaso wɔ Kenya kesee fam apuei nso. Mprempren, wobu Afrika Apuei fam sɛ ɔmantam titiriw a wɔyɛ aboɔden abo. Afrika Apuei fam wɔ tumi a ɛbɛma ayɛ wiase no mu abo titiriw a ne bo yɛ den.

Tanzanifo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika Wobu Tanzanite sɛ abo a wɔntaa nhu wɔ wiase no mu biako sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ soronko. Tanzanite beae soronko wɔ aboɔden abo ahenni no mu a ɛwɔ ade biako pɛ wɔ wiase no mu no wɔkyekyɛ no, nanso ɛda so ara, Tanzanite bɛyɛ agyapade a wɔtaa de di dwuma no nso, akɔ awo ntoatoaso a edi hɔ no mu.

Daakye a enni akyiri no, ɔkwan biako pɛ a wobɛfa so anya bi ne sɛ wobegye. Ahintasɛm titiriw a eye sen biara a ɛbɛma Tanzanifo aguadi akɔ so no mu biako ne Tanzanifo dodow a wɔntaa nhu koraa a wohu bere ne bere mu no. Ankorankoro binom ate Tanzanite a ɛyɛ ahabammono no ho asɛm, nanso nnipa dodow no ara nnya nnim anwonwade a ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ ne borɔdɔma mu.

Wɔn ho a enni hɔ ne nokwasɛm a ɛyɛ sɛ wɔntaa nhu saa no asiesie wɔn ma wɔasiesie wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no. Tanzanifo a wɔn ani gye ho a wonim nneɛma yiye no bi de ahoahoa wɔn ho sɛ wobetumi de abo a kan no na wontumi nnya, a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ soronko yi a wɔaboaboa ano a ɛyɛ dɛ ama.

Tanzanite yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ nwonwa efisɛ ɛwɔ beae biako pɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa. Ne bruu a lavender kakra aka ho no yɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Esiane ne su a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛboa agudeyɛfo a wɔwɔ New York kɛse efisɛ abɛyɛ abo a agye din sen biara wɔ wiase nyinaa no mu biako ntɛmntɛm no.

Wɔde Afrika Apuei Fam mantam Tanzania, beae biako pɛ a efi ase wɔ wiase nyinaa no din too so. Afrika nkutoo ne asasepɔn a ɛma wiase no nya abo a ɛda nsow ankasa te sɛ tanzanite dodow kɛse. Bere a wohuu no wɔ 1967 mu no, animdefo no de anigye daa nsow sɛ “Afeha a Ɛto so 20 no mu Ɔbo”.

Anigye no wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa bere a wɔkyeree aboɔden abo a edi kan a ɛyɛ bruu a emu dɔ, a na wɔahu wɔ Merelani Nkoko so wɔ Tanzania atifi fam no. Bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepem pii a atwam ni no, na wɔyɛɛ saa ahwehwɛ a ɛsom bo yi wɔ mmeae a wɔde asie wɔ mmeae a ɛkorɔn a ɛyɛ soronko no, nso.

Nokwarem no, wɔde bere tenten siee ɔbarima no ani, kosii sɛ ɛbaa baabi a Masai nguanhwɛfo binom hui sɛ ahwehwɛ bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa tena owia mu na ɛka wɔn ho. Wɔ Merelani nnɛ no, wogye tom sɛ wɔhwehwɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔpɛ no denam atopae nketewa bi a wohu wɔ nsɛm bi mu denam akwan a wɔfa so yɛ nnansa yi so.

Sɛnea mmara kyerɛ no, aburow nketenkete nkutoo na wohu, nanso adwumayɛfo a wotu fam no bi yɛɛ yiye wɔ ɔbo kɛse a ɛsom bo yi a wɔkyeree no mu. Tanzanite apam no wɔ aguadifo pii a wɔwɔ adansedi krataa nsam, mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ kakraa bi, a wɔne abo nnwumakuw a ɛwɔ Israel, India, ne U.S.A.

Sɛnea wɔabu akontaa no, tanzanite aguadifo 90% wɔ hɔ a wɔyɛ ICA (International Colored Gemstone Association) a wɔagye atom no mufo, a wɔde saa adwuma no abrabɔ pa gyinapɛn a ɛkorɔn aka ho. Wɔ ɔkwan a ɛte saa so no, ɛnyɛ aboɔden abo titiriw yi ne asɛmti titiriw a ɛsɛ sɛ wodi akwan a adwenem naayɛ wom ho dwuma, na mmom, wɔde aguadi akwan asi hɔ yiye wɔ agudeyɛfo atitiriw a wodii akyi bae wɔ wiase nyinaa no nkyɛn.

Tsavorite Garnet a wɔfrɛ no Garnet

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika

Wobu Tsavorite sɛ wiase abo a ɛyɛ soronko no mu biako a fibea titiriw biako pɛ na wonnya nhuu, titiriw wɔ Afrika Apuei fam ha. Honam fam, ɛwɔ better-quality toto Emerald wɔ afã horow nyinaa sɛ ɛyɛ den, hyerɛn, na ɛwɔ kronkron green tone. Saa ɔbo yi wɔ top grade, emu dɔ, emu yɛ den, ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow, na emu da hɔ kɛse.

Wohu Tsavorite wɔ Tanzania ne Kenya nyinaa, nanso nokwarem no, adwene a ɛwɔ hɔ no, a wowiee denam aboɔden abo ho animdefo ne aboɔden abo tɔnfo mu. Saa ɔbo yi yɛ nea wotumi de toto Emerald nso ho koraa, nso. Saa ɔbo yi mu da hɔ, ɛyɛ den, na enti ɛyɛ den kɛse. Ɛyɛ soronko nso efisɛ saa abo yi twitwa bɛboro 3 cts, a ɛyɛ soronko ankasa.

Saa su ahorow yi ma ɔbo yi yɛ ɔbo a wobu no kɛse na ɛsom bo. Tsavorite yɛ tete aboɔden abo titiriw. Wobu Bepɔw Kilimanjaro a sukyerɛmma ayɛ so ma a akata so no sɛ bepɔw a ɛsen biara a wohu wɔ Afrika. Dɛn na ebetumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ adwene sen ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛkyɛn so, ɛhyerɛn?

Nokwarem no, Tsavorite a ɛyɛ ahabammono a nkekae biara nni ho no yɛ ɔbo ketewa bi a ɛwɔ asase ho abakɔsɛm a ɛtrɛw. Wobetumi ahu ne mfiase wɔ Afrika Apuei fam wɔ Tanzania ne Kenya hye so. Atopae kakraa bi da asase a ɛyɛ kusuu, asasetaw a nkoko a ɛda hɔ kwa na ɛyɛ soronko, a ɛyɛ fɛ so.

Afei nso, ɛyɛ ɔman a asiane wom, awɔ asasesin, na mprempren gyata bi a ɔwɛn hɔ. Nokwarem no, efi hɔ, wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Tsavo Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea a agye din no, abakɔsɛm bi a wɔbɛkae fii ase ankasa. Enti, dɛn na ɛma ɛyɛ ɔbo na ɛyɛ aniberesɛm? Wiɛ, ade a ɛte saa nti. ɛyɛ abo a ɛhyerɛn, ɛhyerɛn, na ɛyɛ ahabammono nso.

Kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ Tsavorite no de ahohuru bere te sɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann, bruu a emu yɛ den ne kwae a emu dɔ ahabammono nne ahorow, a ɛwɔ tumi a ɛma ahoɔden na ɛma ahoɔden foforo ka ho. Afei nso, ɔbo yi nso som bo, titiriw wɔ ne den kɛse no ho. Sɛ wode toto abo afoforo biara ho a, ɛwɔ refractive index a ɛkɔ soro titiriw sɛ 1.734/44.

Ɛnyɛ nea ntease biara nnim sɛ egyina anansesɛm dedaw bi so sɛ na garnet yɛ ade a ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔde besie. Ná wogye di sɛ ne hann a ɛhyerɛn no kɔ so hu denam ntade mpo so. Nea ɛnte sɛ abo afoforo pii no, Tsavorite yɛ nea akisikuru anaasɛ srade wom. Saa ɔbo yi nhia ayaresa biara.

Te sɛ Tsavorite afoforo nyinaa nso yɛ abɔde a ɛho tew a wɔmfaa wɔn nsa nkaa no fã bi kɛkɛ. Su foforo a ɛma wonya anidaso ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den. Wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ den te sɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ soronko kɛse, bɛyɛ 7.5 a egyina Moh nsenia so, nanso ɛda adi sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse.

Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛno nko na ɛyɛ su titiriw, titiriw bere a ɛfa aboɔden abo no a wɔde besi hɔ no ho no. Ɛnyɛ nea ebetumi abubu kɛse sɛ nea efi kankabi a wɔyɛ no ntɛmntɛm mu ba. Ɛyɛ beae a ɛfata yiye nso esiane ne tebea a aba so, a wontumi nhu, a wɔde aboɔden abo no si hɔ a ɛbɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho nti.

Esiane sɛ emu yɛ den kɛse nti, ɛwɔ eyi mu, a ɛne abo afoforo te sɛ safir, daimond, ne ruby ​​hyia pɛpɛɛpɛ. Wɔ nsɛm a ɛntaa nsi a ɛte saa mu no, Tsavorite a wɔatwa a ɛboro carat 2 yɛ ade soronko na ɛsom bo. Afei, ɔbo yi su titiriw biako ne sɛ ebetumi ada ne hyerɛn kɛse adi wɔ nsusuwii nketenkete mpo mu.

Adeɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ saa ɔboɔ yi ho ne sɛ ɛyɛ abakɔsɛm a ɛtrɛ paa. Ne hyerɛn, ahodwiriw ahabammono, ɛyɛ papa hyɛ su ahorow, kɛse ahoɔden, na sɛ wɔde toto ɛka a ɛfata ho a, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ ɛyɛ abo a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ nokware sen biara a ebia ɛwɔ hɔ no mu biako, nso.

Rhodolite a wɔfrɛ no Garnet a wɔfrɛ no Garnet

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika

Rhodolite Garnet ne garnet a edi kan wɔ garnet kɔkɔɔ abusua no mu. Ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde frafra Pyrope garnet a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ tuntum a ɛwɔ hɔ bere nyinaa a wɔtaa de bata agyapade ho agude ho no ho. Afei nso, saa plum fɛfɛ a ɛyɛ cherry-red garnet yi yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ aboɔden abo dodow bi mu wɔ wiase nyinaa, Umba Asubɔnten Bon a agye din a ɛwɔ Tanzania no ne baabi a Rhodolite a eye sen biara wɔ wiase no fibea a nkurɔfo ani gye ho kɛse.

Rhodolite ne asɛmfua a wɔde kyerɛ garnet fɛfɛ a ɛyɛ pink, purple anaa red-purple a ɛyɛ Pyrope ne Almandite a wɔaka abom. Saa ɔbo a aba so yi da kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ torotoro adi a wɔde lavender anaa raspberry tinted ɔbo a ɛfata nkamfo wom. Wɔde saa din yi dii dwuma titiriw wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 awiei mu hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ garnet kɔla foforo a ɛyɛ rhododendron a wohuu wɔ North Carolina no mu.

Nea ɛnte sɛ garnet kɔkɔɔ a wɔtaa de di dwuma no, ɛda adi sɛ ɛwɔ kɔkɔɔ a emu dɔ a kɔla yɛ bruu, na ɛyɛ hare koraa na ɛwɔ kɔla a emu yɛ den, nso. Wobu nhwɛsode a eye sen biara no sɛ raspberry a ɛyɛ dɛ a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ te sɛ rubellite tourmaline a ne bo yɛ den kɛse no . Abo yi mu dodow no ara wɔ nneɛma a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ. Crystals wɔ plane of evenness na wɔatew mu ayɛ no symmetry nhyehyɛe ahorow ason.

Wɔn kɛse ne wɔn ahinanan betumi akyerɛ sɛ nhyehyɛe a aboɔden abo bi wɔ mu no yɛ nokware. Garnets yɛ nea wɔahyehyɛ, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔkyekyɛ ahwehwɛ koro no ara. Eyi ma ahwehwɛ no yɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛ kɛse. Garnet nso ka isometric crystal kuw no ho, a ɛma wonya cube-based symmetrical crystals. Ahwehwɛ su a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen biara ma garnet ne rhombic dodecahedron, a ɛwɔ afã dumien.

Garnet dodow no ara wɔ hɔ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, na ɛma wonya adwene a ɛnteɛ sɛ abo yi nyinaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Nokwarem no, nneɛma ahorow bi te sɛ grossularite betumi anya ɛnne ahorow pii, na Uvarovite yɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn bere nyinaa. Sɛ́ ahwehwɛ nhwɛsode no, saa abo yi taa yɛ nea wɔayɛ no yiye, na wɔn nne ne wɔn hyerɛn nyinaa ma wɔyɛ ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wɔde ka wo nneɛma a woaboaboa ano nyinaa ho.

Malaia Garnet a wɔfrɛ no Garnet

Malaia Garnet yɛ ɔboɔ ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ ankorankoro dodoɔ bi na wɔate ne nyinaa. Ɛda so ara yɛ nea wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano no binom hwɛ so mfe aduonu fi bere a wɔdaa no adi no, na ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ nea ɛho yɛ na kɛse. Wɔ Pyrope ne Spessartite garnet ntam no, ɔbo a ɛyɛ nwonwa yi da kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ anigye adi fi borɔdɔma a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa so kosi borɔdɔma-pink a wɔpɛ a asinasin a ɛyɛ soronko no ka ho.

Tanzania nkutoo ne beae a wonim no yiye ma ɔbo fɛfɛ yi na saa abo yi de abo asinasin a eye sen biara, a eye sen biara no bi ma bere nyinaa. Malaya anaa Malaia garnet yɛ aboɔden abo ahorow din a wɔde frɛ radiant kɔ pink tuntum, borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ-akutu, ne kɔkɔɔ- borɔdɔma garnet, a ɛyɛ spessartite ne pyrope a wɔaka abom. Wɔtaa hu no wɔ Umba Bon mu, Afrika Apuei fam, a ɛbɛn Kenya ne Tanzania.

Na wogye di titiriw sɛ Malaia yɛ spessartite garnet bi, nso. Wɔ 1970 mfe no mu no, na wɔde Malaia garnet a ɛyɛ den refrafra Rhodolite garnet a ɛyɛ soronko mu. Wɔtow aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow yi gui, na asɛmfua a wɔde maa saa garnet yi neMalaia, a ɛkyerɛ “Swahili” a nea ɛkyerɛ ankasa ne sɛ wɔapow no. Efii ase wɔ ayaresa a wɔde ma garnet dodow a ɛnkɔ yiye wɔ ahorow a wɔtaa de di dwuma no mu biara mu.

Saa ahemman Malaia garnets yi mu dodow no ara de nneɛma nketenkete a ɛte sɛ ade a wɔde ka ho a ɛmma ade yi kɛseyɛ nyinaa nsɛe no na ɛka ho. Abo yi bi nso da kɔla a ɛsakra fi hann a ɛhyerɛn kɔ hann a ɛhyerɛn mu ba. Garnets a wɔsakra kɔla no taa yɛ spessartite ne pyrope wɔ nhyehyɛe mu. Gye kɔla a wɔsakra no, wotumi hu nsonsonoe wɔ wɔn su mu ma Malaia ahorow no. Wɔn fibea titiriw ne Afrika.

Safir a Ɛyɛ Fɛ

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika

Wɔtaa tu safir wɔ Afrika Apuei fam wɔ 1950 mfe no mu, efisɛ ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn. Safir a ɛyɛ fɛ kɔla ahorow 67 na ɛwɔ hɔ. Nokwarem no, Umba asubɔnten bon a ɛwɔ Tanzania no ma wonya saa nne ahorow yi mu dodow no ara te sɛ safir a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ canary ne Afrika Padparadscha, ɔbo a ɛyɛ pink a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma, a ɛsom bo kɛse, na ɛho yɛ na.

Wɔ 1974 mu no, wotutuu safir a ɛyɛ fɛ wɔ Kenya atifi fam ɔhye mantam mu, sɛnea ɛtaa yɛ te sɛ nea ɛne ɛnne bruu no yɛ pɛ no. Nanso, safir yɛ nwonwa sen bruu, wɔ kɔla biara mu, nanso ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ sɛ ɛyɛ ruby ​​no kurukuruwa. Safir kɔla afoforo no yɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ soronko, anaasɛ ɛntaa nsi koraa mpo, na mpɛn pii no wotumi nya wɔ bo a ɛfata mu.

Kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, violet, ne ɛnne afoforo a emu yɛ hare na ne bo yɛ den titiriw. Ɛnyɛ sɛ wobehu sɛ na safir ne ruby ​​yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛte saa ara ankasa, efisɛ nananom dodow no ara gyaw wɔn asɛnnennen bi bere tenten a atwam ni no, wosii gyinae sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔda nsow wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no corundum no mu abo nyinaa mu sɛ safir, gye ɛnne kɔkɔɔ no nkutoo , a wonim no sɛ ruby.

Nokwarem no, nea ɛyɛ pink no yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann. Enti, IGCA(International Colored Gemstone Association agye ahyɛde bi atom sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde kɔkɔɔ nne a ɛhyerɛn no ka type ruby ​​no ho, efisɛ ɛyɛ den dodo sɛ wobehu baabi a kɔkɔɔ baa awiei na pink fii ase. Wɔ atetesɛm mu no, pink kɔla taa yɛ yiye- a wonnim no sɛ safir a ɛyɛ pink anaa ruby.

Ɔkwan biara so no, wobu saa abo yi sɛ ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara wɔ corundum abusua no mu. Safir a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛsom bo sen biara no wɔ pink-orange-pink ahorow ahorow a wɔfrɛ no “Padparadscha” mu. Saa safir ahorow yi ho yɛ na koraa, na nkyerɛase ankasa no ayɛ asɛmti a wogye ho akyinnye bere nyinaa.

Adetɔnfo ne aduruyɛdan ahorow a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa twe wɔn ho fi kɔla pɔtee a asɛmfua a ɛte saa kyerɛ no so. Adetɔnfo binom mpo gye akyinnye sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wɔde Sri Lanka safir ahorow bi a emu yɛ hare to kasasin no ano, na mmom ɛfa kɔla kɔkɔɔ-akutu a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa kɛse a wohu wɔ Umba Bon Tanzania no nso ho.

Padparadscha safir taa di gua wɔ bo a ɛkorɔn a ɛbɛn nea wonya de gye safir a eye sen biara a ɛyɛ bruu. Ɛwom sɛ akyinnyegye wɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko yi ho mfonini pɔtee ho de, nanso sɛnea ɛyɛ fɛ, ne ne kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a wɔadi afra a ɛyɛ salmon a wɔayɛ no foforo ne owiatɔe no da so ara wɔ hɔ, nso.

Safir a ɛyɛ fɛ afoforo a wonim no yiye wɔ nne kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma a ɛyɛ hare, kɔkɔɔ, ne bruu-ahabammono so. Mpɛn pii no, dodow a ɛnne ahorow no mu da hɔ na ɛhyerɛn no, dodow no ara na safir a ɛyɛ fɛ no som bo. Sɛ sunsuma no wɔ hann no mu a, enti lucidity no ye koraa.

Na pastel kɔla inclusions no yɛ nea ɛda nsow kɛse; apam no taa pɛ sɛ wɔhohoro abo no ho a wɔmfa nneɛma kakraa bi a ɛda nsow nka ho. Na ɔbo a ne kɔla yɛ hann, nea wɔatwa no nso yɛ nea ɛho hia yiye enti, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ no sɛnea ɛte no san daa wɔ aboɔden abo no ani, a ɛma ɛyɛ nnam na ɛhyerɛn, nso.

Nea ɛka ho no, ɛdenam ɛnne ahorow bi a ɛyɛ sum na emu da hɔ kɛse so no, nea wɔatwa no nyɛ nea ɛho hia saa efisɛ sunsuma no ma n’ankasa tumi ba. Ɛmfa ho sɛnea ɛnne ahorow no te no, safir frafraa wɔn denden ne wɔn fɛfɛɛfɛ no mu maa awo ntoatoaso pii nyaa abotɔyam.

Tourmaline a wɔde yɛ aduru

Aboɔden abo a efi Afrika

Wɔtaa hu tourmalines wɔ mmeae pii wɔ wiase nyinaa te sɛ Sri Lanka, Brazil, ne Afrika, a wobu no sɛ ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ kɛse sen biara no. Ɛwom sɛ aboɔden abo pii wɔ hɔ, a ɛyɛ tourmalines de, nanso wɔtaa nhu su horow a eye sen biara, ne kɔla ahorow a eye kyɛn so wɔ wɔn mu.

Tourmaline no ho ka bɛyɛ sɛ ɛtrɛw te sɛ nea ɛte no. Afei nso, African Tourmalines a efi Kenya, Tanzania, Congo, ne Mozambique ne nea wɔhwehwɛ kɛse wɔ akyi, titiriw wɔ su pa ahorow no ho, nso. Aboɔden abo a wɔde di dwuma pii sen biara no mu biako, tourmaline yɛ nea wobetumi anya wɔ sunsuma biara mu, efi nea enni afã biara so kosi tuntum so.

Wubetumi ahu abɔde biara fi hann so kosi sum so, na mpo ɛnne biako anaa nea ɛboro saa a ɛba wɔ aboɔden abo koro no ara mu. Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ nwonwa ankasa! Wonim nso wɔ mfehaha pii mu no, tourmaline nyaa ne din bere a Dutchfo fii ase dii ɔbo yi ho gua wɔ afeha a ɛto so 17 mu wɔ Sri Lanka no.

Wɔfrɛ “Sinhalese”,a wosusuw sɛ saa ɔbo yi de kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ kɔla abɔ ho. Tourmaline yɛ aboɔden abo bi a ɛbata ho no din titiriw. Wɔ aboɔden abo ho atetesɛm mu no, wɔmfa nsɛmfua a ɛfa mmoa ahorow ankorankoro ho nni dwuma mpɛn pii. Mmom no, wɔfrɛ ɔbo yi pɔtee sɛ “tourmaline”.

Mpɛn pii no, na tourmaline fi Australia, Brazil, Madagascar, Tanzania, Sri Lanka, Russia, U.S.A., ne aman afoforo so. Te sɛ aboɔden abo afoforo no, bere a tourmaline carat mu duru yɛ kɛse no. Nanso, ne titiriw no, tourmaline aboɔden abo akɛse dɔɔso sen aboɔden abo nketewa te sɛ assapphire ne ruby.

Eyi kyerɛ sɛ tourmaline bo a ɛkɔ soro esiane ne mu duru nti no nyɛ nea ennyae te sɛ nea ɛwɔ safir ne ruby ​​mu no. Ɛyɛ daa ma saa ara enclosed ne quality te sɛ 3, 4 Carat tourmalines nyinaa wɔ ntotoho bo ma carat biara. Worenhu saa safir yi ne aboɔden abo ne safir mu. Tourmaline ahorow ahorow betumi anya nea emu da hɔ soronko.

Enti, bere a wobetumi anya tourmalines akɛse a ɛho tew a ɛwɔ nne bruu-ahabammono ne bruu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ne nyinaa a wɔde tourmalines pink ne kɔkɔɔ ayɛ no bɛkyerɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a aniwa hu. Nneɛma a ɛka ho a ɛyɛ mpapahwekwa sen biara wɔ tourmaline mu no apaapae ne sɛnea, nsu ahyɛ mu ma a wɔasa apaapae. Nneɛma a wɔde nnade ka ho nso yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Tourmaline a wɔatwitwa nso trɛw esiane ne kɔla nti. Wɔnam tourmaline pleochroism a ɛyɛ den so no, wotwitwa tourmalines a ɛyɛ sunsuma de kyerɛ sɛnea pleochroic nne abien no mu yɛ hare no. Aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no ɔkwan a ɛte saa so no taa yɛ ahinanan ne emerald a wɔatwitwa esiane tourmaline aboɔden abo a ɛtrɛw nti.

Tourmalines a ɛwɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ hann no yɛ abɔde mu oriented ne table facet, a ɛyɛ perpendicularly to c-axis de kyerɛ ɛnne a ɛyɛ den sen biara a ebetumi aba. Enti, wɔtaa twitwa mu sɛ oval, kurukuruwa, ne ahinanan. Sɛ wohwɛ tourmaline suite a wɔde kyerɛ te sɛ eyi ntɛm a, na wɔtaa hu abo a ɛwɔ afã horow, tourmalines a wɔatwitwa cabochon wɔ gua so.


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