Witherite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Witherite yɛ zeolite aboɔden abo a wɔtaa hu sɛ ahwehwɛ a enni kɔla kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ tan a ɛyɛ abien. Wogye tom kɛse sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu na wonim no yiye sɛ aboɔden abo wɔ wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano no mu. Sɛnea wɔbɔ din witherite ne WIH-thuh-rite .

So witherite ho yɛ na? Sɛ́ aboɔden abo no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛtaa ba, ne fã bi ne sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛsakra ayɛ barite. Aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa a ayow no ho yɛ na koraa, efisɛ ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhohoro, ɛnyɛ den koraa, na ne mfutuma yɛ awuduru sɛ wobɛhome.

Nanso, nsuro dodo — fashioned witherites yɛ ahobammɔ sɛ wobɛka na witherite crystals yɛ ahobammɔ sɛ wobɛda no adi.

Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, yɛbɛma wo aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ dwoodwoo ho nkyekyɛmu nyinaa, ɛfiri wɔn boɔ ne wɔn agyapadeɛ so kɔsi wɔn abakɔsɛm ne sɛdeɛ wobɛdi ho dwuma dwoodwoo so.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Witherite Stone ho asɛm

Witherite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛho yɛ na na ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano a ɛyɛ soronko kakra . Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, witherite so ba Aquarius nsɛnkyerɛnne so mfaso.

Dɛn ne edin a wɔtaa de frɛ witherite? Ebia wɔbɛfrɛ no “barium carbonate” wɔ nea wɔahyehyɛ no akyi. Abodin afoforo a wɔde frɛ no bi ne:

• Barolite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Sulfate-Carbonate a ɛwɔ Baryte mu

• Viterite a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

• Barytes a mframa wom

Wɔ saa din ahorow yi nyinaa akyi no, witherite ne barite nyɛ ade koro. Wɔyɛ abusuabɔ, nanso barite yɛ barium sulfate bere a witherite yɛ barium carbonate.

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, dɛn na wɔde witherite di dwuma?

Witherite a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛntaa nsi no, witherite ne barium aboɔden abo a ɛto so abien (wɔ barite akyi) ne barium aboɔden abo a ɛho hia. Wɔde barium nnuru dodow no ara di dwuma de tutu atɛkyɛ.

Wɔde barium carbonate na ɛyɛ:

• Abobɔdeɛ

• Nkuku a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Ka aduro

• Samina

• Dye a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Plastik a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Pɔweɛ

• Semɛnte a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Nneɛma a ɛpae

• Rat awuduru

Nneɛma foforo a wɔde di dwuma ne dade a wɔma ɛyɛ den na wɔhwɛ sɛnea chromate ne sulfate te wɔ nnuru a wɔde yɛ chromium electroplating mu no so. Bere bi a atwam no, na wɔde witherite di dwuma de tew asikre ho.

Nyansahufo ayɛ witherite crystals a wɔayɛ de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ne mineralogical su ahorow ho.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Witherite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ barium carbonate mineral no, witherite nnuru a wɔde yɛ no ne BaCO3. Efĩ a ɛtaa ba ne calcium ne strontium.

Aboɔden abo mu nkyekyɛmu bɛn na ɛyɛ witherite? Witherite wɔ aragonite kuw a ɛyɛ orthorhombic carbonates a ɛka cerussite , aragonite , ne strontianite ho no mu . Strontianite ne witherite yɛ nneɛma a ɛtoatoa so.

Wɔ ahwehwɛ akyi no, witherite betumi ayɛ:

• Globular a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa

• Granular a ɛyɛ granular

• FIbrous na ɛyɛ

• Botryoidal (a ɛte sɛ bobe akuwakuw) .

• Mammillary a ɔyɛ ɔbarima

• Deɛ emu yɛ duru

• Ɛyɛ kurukuruwa

• Tuberose (ɛte sɛ kurukuruwa a “ahurututu” a ɛpuepue wɔ soro) .

Werite ahwehwɛ dodow no ara yɛ nsensanee a ɛkɔ soro na ɛyɛ abien. Ahwehwɛ pii yɛ trilling, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ahwehwɛ abiɛsa a anyin wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho a ɛyɛ abien wɔ mfinimfini. Saa trillings yi betumi ayɛ bipyramidal ne pseudo-hexagonal anaasɛ tenten ne pseudo-hexagonal. Werite ahwehwɛ afoforo yɛ prismatic, tabular, lenticular, anaasɛ bladed.

Dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛwɔ witherite crystals mu? Wɔabobɔ wɔn din wɔ ha:

• Mohs denden : 3-3.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ-akuturuku, kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, bruu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ; Resinous wɔ akisikuru so

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.529-1.677

• Nnipa dodow : 4.27-4.79

• Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {010} so, ɛnyɛ papa anaasɛ ɛnyɛ pɛ wɔ {110} & {012} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Fluorescence, phosphorescence, ne X-ray kɔla taa ba; Green, yellow, bluish-white, anaa violet wɔ SW-UV mu & yellow anaa bluish-white wɔ LW-UV mu; Phosphorescence a ɛyɛ bruu-fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ; Fluorescence a ɛwɔ X-ray mu

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.147-0.148

• Dispersion : Ɛba fam kosi nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Wobɛyɛ Dɛn Hu Witherite?

Witherite su ahorow a wotumi hu sen biara ne ne density a ɛkɔ soro (ne mu duru) ne ne Mohs hardness a ɛba fam .

Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ den kɛse a wɔfa so hu ne acid sɔhwɛ. Witherite bɛpete na ayɛ hyew wɔ hydrochloric acid a ɛyɛ nwini a wɔayam mu na ayɛ sulphuric acid mu. Nanso, saa sɔhwɛ ahorow yi yɛ ɔkwan a etwa to efisɛ ɛsɛe ade.

Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa de frafra witherite ne strontianite, aragonite, ne cerussite.

Cerussite mu yɛ duru (ɛyɛ density a ɛkorɔn) sen witherite na ɛwɔ cleavage a eye. Aragonite ne strontianite nyɛ den pii te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nwunu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Blue jasperware tii toa, Josiah Wedgwood ne ne mma, bɛyɛ afe 1000 mu. 1840, Chazen Tete Nneɛma Akorae a Ɛhwɛ Adwinni So| Mfonini no fi: Daderot, Public Domain

Witherite Abakɔsɛm

Engiresini oduruyɛfo ne abɔde ho nimdefo William Withering a wodii kan kaa witherite ho asɛm wɔ 1784. Withering kae sɛ aboɔden abo no fi kɔbere a wotu wɔ Cumberland, England (mprempren Brownley Hill a wotu wɔ Cumbria) no mu.

Odii kan huu ɔbo no wɔ Engiresini aguadifo Matthew Boulton nneɛma a ɔboaboaa ano no mu wɔ 1782. Withering nhwehwɛmu no daa no adi sɛ aboɔden abo no yɛ soronko wɔ barite ho. Ɔfrɛɛ witherite Terra ponderosa aerata , Latin kasa a ɛkyerɛ “asase a mframa wom.”

Germanni asase ho nimdefo Abraham Gottlob Werner sesaa ɔbo no din “witherit” (akyiri yi wɔsesaa no yɛɛ no ​​“witherite”) wɔ 1790 mu de hyɛɛ Withering anuonyam.

Scotlandni mfiridwumayɛfo James Watt, Kumaa frɛɛ ɔbo no “barytes a mframa wom” wɔ 1790 mu na Ireland asase ho nimdefo Richard Kirwan frɛɛ no ​​“barolite” wɔ 1794 mu.

Asiane a Ɛwɔ Witherite a Ɛba Mfiase

Ansa na wɔreka witherite ho asɛm wɔ aban kwan so mpo no, na folks a wɔwɔ Anglezarke, England nim sɛ ɔbo no yɛ asiane.

Okuafo bi a ɔwɔ mpɔtam hɔ, Owura Derbyshire, huu sɛ n’anantwi pii awuwu esiane sɛ wɔayow nti. Afoforo nso de nsu a ayow a wɔatow agu no bedi dwuma de awuduru ahyɛ mpɔtorɔ mu anaasɛ wɔbɛma wɔafe bere a wɔyare no. Wɔ asɛm bi mu no, ɔbarima bi de mineral no maa ne yere ne ne ba a ɔyare no, afei ɔhwɛɛ sɛnea wowuwui wɔ nnɔnhwerew akron a edi hɔ no mu.

Oduruyɛfo Charles Leigh, oduruyɛfo ne abɔde ho nimdefo, kyerɛw asɛm no sɛ adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ asiane a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo no mu. James Watt, Kumaa (a yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm) nso kyerɛw asiane ahorow no bere a ɔsɔɔ aboɔden abo no hwɛe wɔ mmoa so akyi no.

Witherite “Jasperware” no yɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ.

Engiresini adwumayɛfo bi sɔɔ witherite hwɛe de yɛɛ nkuku. Ná Josiah Wedgwood agye din dedaw wɔ ne dɔte foforo a ɔyɛe bere a ofii ase sɔɔ witherite hwɛe no. Bere a ɔde mfe pii sɔɔ hwɛe akyi no, ɔyɛɛ Jasperware wɔ 1770 mfe no mu.

Ná jasperware, anaa jasper nneɛma, yɛ abo a wɔmfa ahwehwɛ nhyɛ mu a wɔde cameo a wɔasen a ɛyɛ nwonwa asiesie so.

Ɛmfa ho din a wɔde too gua no, na jasper nni nneɛma no mu . Ná ahintasɛm (saa bere no) nnwom no nso gu ahorow. Nhwehwɛmu bi a wɔyɛe wɔ 1800 mfe no mu hui sɛ na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 57 barium sulfate, ɔha biara mu nkyem 29 yɛ dɔte a wɔde bɔɔl ayɛ, ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 yɛ abotan a wɔfrɛ no flint, ne ɔha biara mu nkyem 4 yɛ barium carbonate.

Wedgwood tɔn jasperware kosii 1900 mfe no mu, na wɔda so ara yɛ no nnɛ.

Mfonini no fi H. Zell, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Witherite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ fitaa a ɛsa yare no , witherite ntease da aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo de adi : ahotew ne ahobammɔ su na ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo .

Wɔ metaphysics mu no, wɔde witherite di dwuma ma honhom mu nkɔso ne nhumu a ɛfa w’atirimpɔw ho.

Wɔka sɛ wɔ nkate fam no, saa ahwehwɛ yi yi dadwen anaa abasamtu ho nkate fi hɔ, na ɛde kommyɛ, ahotoso, ne adwene a emu da hɔ ho nkate si ananmu.

Witherite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Witherite aboɔden abo bo gyina ne kɔla, ne twitwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, ne ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat so.

Ahosuo

Nnua a ɛyɛ nwunu dodow no ara yɛ fitaa kosi fitaa a ɛnyɛ fɛ koraa, na aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no taa yɛ nea enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ fitaa. Nanso, witherites nso betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Twa

Wɔntaa ntwitwa abo a wɔfrɛ no witherite, nanso ebia ahwehwɛ bi a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo wɔ afã horow . Eyinom ho yɛ na koraa na ɛsom bo. Wobetumi atwitwa nhwɛsode afoforo a ɛyɛ hann mu ayɛ no cabochons , nanso eyinom taa yɛ mmerɛw na ɛnyɛ nea wɔpɛ kɛse.

Wɔtɔn witherite ahwehwɛ dodow no ara a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa) de kyerɛ.

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Clarity kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo ho, a ebetumi aka sɛnea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo.

Aboɔden abo dodow no ara a ɛyɛ nwunu no te sɛ nea ɛyɛ nna, na mpɛn pii no, nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde ka ho na ɛde ba. Witherite aboɔden abo nso tumi da banded nyin nhyehyɛe adi.

Aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kɛse, na ɛma aboɔden abo a ɛda adi pefee no som bo yiye.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Ɛwom sɛ witherite nhwɛsode ahorow betumi ayɛ akɛse de, nanso ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ntaa nyɛ nea ɛboro carat 25 (gram 5). Sɛnea ɛte no, faceted witherites taa yɛ nketewa, na dodow no ara nnu carat 5-10. Ebia cabochons bɛyɛ akɛse kakra, nanso ɛnyɛ nea wɔtaa twa.

Mfonini no fi: Cs california, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Witherite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔhyehyɛ witherite? Mpɛn pii no, witherite ba wɔ mmeae a nsu mu hyew sua. Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a nneɛma a apete wom no kɔtra ntini yi mu. Efi hɔ no, ɔbotan no dwo na nsu no yɛ nwini, na ɛma nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ no yɛ ahwehwɛ.

Ade foforo a wɔyɛ ne barium a wɔde besi calcite ananmu, na ɛde witherite ba sɛ ade a ɛka ho. Sɛnea witherite ho yɛ na kakra no fã bi ne sɛ sulphuric acid a efi sulfide minerals a ɛbɛn hɔ mu no betumi asesa witherite ayɛ barite ntɛm.

Aboɔden abo a ɛtaa bata witherite ho ne:

• Fluorite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Galena na ɔkyerɛwee

• Calcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Barite a wɔfrɛ no Barite

• Sphalerite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Celestite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Aragonite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu witherite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro a ɛma wonya witherite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ ne Illinois (U.S.A.) ne England (UK).

Nneɛma afoforo a wonya fi mu ne:

• Austria

• Canada

• Czechia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• France

• Germany

• Japan

• Poland

• Russia

• Slovakia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Tasmania, Australia, na ɛwɔ hɔ

• U.S.A. (Arizona, Arkansas, California, kentucky, Montana, New York) na ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ.

• Wales, UK, na ɛwɔ hɔ

Ansa na wobɛhwehwɛ witherite bi a wɔtɔn mu no, momma yensusuw nneɛma bo a yɛbɛhwɛ kwan ho.

Mfonini no fi: Ra’ike, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Witherite Bo & Ne Bo

Witherite betumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den yiye, nanso ɛsono ne bo.

Aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fĩ a ɛwɔ afã horow no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 20 kosi dɔla 200 wɔ carat biara mu, na dodow no ara kɔ fam bɛyɛ dɔla 40 wɔ carat biara mu.

Aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den a wɔfrɛ no witherite no gu ahorow kɛse mpo, na emu biara fi bɛyɛ dɔla 40 kosi bɛboro dɔla 2,500. Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, witherite crystal nhwɛsode ahorow no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 200 biara.

Mpɛn pii no, nhwɛsode ahorow a ne bo yɛ den no yɛ akɛse, ɛyɛ hann, ɛyɛ nea wɔayɛ no yiye, na/anaasɛ ɛbata fluorite ho.

Ansa na yɛbɛwie no, momma yɛnhwɛ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so .

Witherite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Sɛ wowe witherite yɛ awuduru, na ɛtaa ba sɛ wohome witherite mfutuma a ɛba bere a wɔatwitwa ɔbo no anaasɛ wɔabɔ no a. Eyi yɛ asiane kɛse ma lapidaries (wɔn a wotwa aboɔden abo), a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahwɛyiye pii no.

Aboɔden abo a wɔawie ne ahwehwɛ a wɔde kyerɛ no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho, nanso fa sie fi obiara a ebia ɔde bɛhyɛ n’anom (afieboa, mmofra, nnamfo a wɔyɛ katee, ne nea ɛkeka ho) .

Wubetumi ahyɛ agude a ɛyɛ nwunu bere ne bere mu sɛ ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban a , nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe (asiane a ɛwɔ hɔ sɛ wobɛhome).

Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den, brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew hohoro ntini a ayow no ho. Hohoro wɔn wɔ ɛno akyi (nhyɛ nsu mu) na fa ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a microfiber ayɛ no nwosow wɔn yiye.

Hohoro wo nsa bere nyinaa bere a woadi witherite ho dwuma awie no.

Fa witherite sie akyirikyiri fi aboɔden abo afoforo ho na ma ɛntra baabi a acid ntumi nkɔ mu.

Wopɛ sɛ wunya W’ankasa Wo Witherite?

Wɔ wɔn a wɔpɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko na wɔmfa nyɛ hwee no fam no, witherite yɛ ɔbo kɛse a wɔboaboa ano. Saa aboɔden abo yi betumi ayɛ ahwehwɛ abien a ɛyɛ fɛ a kɔla ahorow a ɛnyɛ afã biara wom ma ɛne baabiara ahyia!

Kɔtɔ witherite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko foforo nnɛ!