Whewellite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Whewellite (wɔbɔ no hyoo-wuhl-lyte , a ɛne “petrol” ne “hann” hyia) yɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu a ebetumi ayɛ nea enni kɔla, kɔkɔɔ, anaa bruu.

Whewellite yɛ soronko efisɛ etumi yɛ wɔ akwan horow so, wɔ asase ne abɔde mu nneɛma nyinaa mu, nanso ɛwɔ nnuru a ɛkɔ so daa. Wohu wɔ abotan, afifide, ne mmoa mu, a nnipa ka ho!

W’ani agye ho de besi nnɛ? Bata ho na sua whewellite aboɔden abo no ntease, ne agyapade, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, abakɔsɛm, ne bo, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Gemmy, whewellite ho nhwɛso a ɛntaa nsi | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Whewellite Ɔbo ho

Whewellite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛho yɛ na , a wɔtaa de sie ma wɔn a wɔboaboa aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko ano.

Monik afoforo a wɔde frɛ whewellite ne:

• Oxacalcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Oxalate a wɔde yɛ Lime

• Thierschite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Vevellite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Kohlenspath na ɔkyerɛwee

Whewellite wɔ nneɛma bi a ɛho hia a wɔde di dwuma wɔ aboɔden abo akyi.

Whewellite Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Nea edi kan no, wobetumi de whewellite adi dwuma sɛ gyinapɛn a wɔde yɛ thermogravimetric analysis , ɔkwan a wɔfa so susuw nneɛma a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛyɛ den.

Whewellite wɔ ɔhyew mu porɔw kwan a ɛda nsow, a ɛkɔ so daa, na ɛporɔw yɛ calcium oxalate a nsu nnim, calcium carbonate, ne afei calcium oxide wɔ ɔhyew pɔtee bi mu.

Nea ɛto so abien no, nyansahufo ayɛ whewellite a wɔayɛ de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ne mmanoma ne ne hyehyɛ sɛ asaabo mu abo ho.

Wɔ aduruyɛ mu no, wonim whewellite ne weddellite sɛ nneɛma a ɛtaa yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ nsu mu abo ne asaabo mu abo mu .

Dɛn na ɛyɛ whewellite ne weddellite asaabo mu abo? Wɔn mmienu nyinaa yɛ calcium oxalate ahorow a ɛba bere a oxalates kyekyere calcium (ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ) na wɔnyi mfi hɔ wɔ nsu mu, na ɛboaboa ano kɔ asaabo mu abo (anaasɛ adwene mu ntini) mu.

Bere a abien no nyinaa yɛ calcium oxalate hydrates no, nsonsonoe a ɛda whewellite ne weddellite ntam ne sɛ whewellite yɛ monohydrate, bere a weddellite yɛ dihydrate.

Sɛnea ɛte no, nsu pii wɔ weddellite mu, enti ɛba wɔ ahwehwɛ su ahorow mu — mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ nketewa, kurukuruwa, kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu a ɛyɛ hann akuwakuw anaasɛ mogya nkwammoaa a ano yɛ nnam.

Sɛ yɛreka nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ ne ahwehwɛ su ho asɛm a, momma yɛnkɔ whewellite mineral su ahorow mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Whewellite nhwɛsode kɛse a ɛda nsow a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ titiriw fitaa, ɛyɛ tabular, na ɛhyerɛn wɔ matrix | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Whewellite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Whewellite yɛ calcium oxalate a nsu wom, titiriw calcium oxalate monohydrate, a ne nsusuwii ne CaC2O4·H2O.

“Oxalate” yɛ nkyene anaa ester (aduru a efi acid ne nsa a ɛyɛ adwuma mu ba) a ɛyɛ oxalic acid, aduru a ɛwɔ abɔde mu ne acid kɛse a afifide ne mmoa pii yɛ.

Whewellite ahwehwɛ no betumi ayɛ equant anaa tiawa na ɛyɛ prismatic, mpɛn pii no wɔkyinkyim no a n’anim nyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ. Crystal twinning abu so yiye wɔ {101} so, mpɛn pii no contact twinning. Saa mmanoma a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho yi betumi ayɛ pseudo-orthorhombic ne prismatic anaa koma. Aboɔden abo no nso ba sɛ nneɛma a wotumi paapae mu.

Whewellite mineral ahorow a wɔabobɔ din:

• Mohs denden : 2.5-3

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Vitreous, pearly wɔ {010} ne cleavages binom

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.489-1.651

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : 2.19-2.25

• Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {101} so; ɛnyɛ pɛ/ohiani wɔ {010} so; ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee wɔ {001} & {110} so.

• Akisikuru : Conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.159-0.163

• Apete : 0.034 kosi biara

Afei, yɛbɛdan dɔn no akyi akɔhwehwɛ whewellite abakɔsɛm mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Whewellite, wonnim faako a efi. Lille Abɔde Abakɔsɛm Tete Nneɛma Akorae (wɔakyerɛ ase afi Franse kasa mu) | Mfonini no fi: Vassil, Public domain

Whewellite Abakɔsɛm

Abo a ɛwɔ akisikuru mu a whewellite taa yɛ ne fã no kɔ tete anibuei mu, na nkyerɛwee ne ayaresa ho nsɛm a edi kan a wonim a ɛwɔ Mesopotamia aduruyɛ nhoma ahorow mu no fi 3,200 kosi 1,200 A.Y.B.

Nanso, anka wɔrenhu whewellite aboɔden abo no wɔ aban kwan so na wɔanka ho asɛm mfehaha pii wɔ eyi akyi.

Engiresini ahwehwɛ ho nimdefo Henry James Brooke kaa whewellite ho asɛm nea edi kan wɔ 1840 mu sɛ “ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kurom hɔ oxalate of lime.”

Wɔ 1852 mu no, Brooke, Britania aboɔden abo ho nimdefo ne asase ho nimdefo William Phillips, ne Walesni aboɔden abo ho nimdefo William Hallowes Miller kyerɛw aboɔden abo no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɛware, a ɛyɛ aban de de din “whewellite” too so.

Mmarima baasa no too aboɔden abo no din “whewellite” din de William H. Whewell. Ná Whewell yɛ Engiresini a wagye din a onim nneɛma pii, na na ɔyɛ Anglikan sɔfo, nyansahu ho abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo, nyamekyerɛfo, ne nyansapɛfo. Ɔyɛɛ crystallographic indexing na ɔyɛɛ nyansahu mu nsɛmfua pii te sɛ “nyansahufo,” “abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdefo,” “electrode,” “ion,” ne afoforo.

Mfitiaseɛ whewellite nkyerɛkyerɛmu no type locality no yɛ nea wontumi nsi pi, nanso abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo susuw sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na ɛyɛ Hungary anaa Cavnic, Romania.

Edin afoforo a wɔde dii dwuma maa whewellite bere a bere kɔ so no ne:

• Oxacalcite : Amerikani nnuruyɛfo Charles Upham Shepard na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ 1844 mu

• Thierschite : Germanni nyansahufo Justus Freiherr von Liebig na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ 1853 mu (de yɛɛ calcium oxalate a wɔanhwehwɛ mu a wɔde kataa abohene bi a ɛwɔ Parthenon so wɔ Athens, Greece so)

Kohlenspath: Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Friedrich August Frenzel na ɔde dii dwuma wɔ 1889 mu

Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) buu edin “thierschite” no animtiaa wɔ 1967 mu na akyiri yi wɔpenee so sɛ “whewellite” nkutoo na wɔde frɛ aboɔden abo yi.

Wodii kan huu Whewellite ahwehwɛ wɔ Czechia wɔ 1897 mu, na efi 1987 kosi 2000 no, wohuu whewellite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ anim a ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔahu pɛn nkutoo fii Czechia nneɛma a wɔde asie mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Whewellite ahwehwɛ 19 a ano yɛ nnam, emu tew te sɛ nsu, na ɛyɛ prismatic a wɔaboaboa ano a efi Saxony, Germany, a wɔaboaboa ano tete; Robert Whitmore Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano; Nea ɛka ho ne Lazard Cahn label a efi 1915 kosi 1940 | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Whewellite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ fitaa a ɛsa yare no , nea whewellite kyerɛ no da sɛnea aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo tew na ɛma ɛne ne ho hyia no adi . Wobetumi nso de adi dwuma sɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔka sɛ whewellite di nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Detoxing a wɔde fi nipadua mu

• Asoroben

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo kamfo whewellite kyerɛ sɛ:

• Ahodwiriwde a atwam a wɔsa

• Wo atirimpɔw a wubehu

• Dae a wɔkae & nkyerɛase

• Adwene mu ntease a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso

• Nneɛma pa a wɔhyɛ ho nkuran sen animtiaabu

• Gye a wogye tom kɛse a wɔbɛhyɛ ho nkuran

Ɛda adi pefee sɛ whewellite ahwehwɛ wɔ mfaso a ɛsa yare, nanso aboɔden abo bo nso ɛ?

Whewellite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Esiane sɛ whewellite ntaa nnya sɛ aboɔden abo nti, wɔmfa whewellite aboɔden aboɔ boɔ nhyɛ mu te sɛ aboɔden aboɔ foforɔ. Nanso, yɛbɛda so ara akɔ sɛnea standard value factors no fa whewellite ho no so:

• Kɔla : Facetable whewellite dodow no ara nni kɔla. Ɔbo no nso betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, bruu, anaa fitaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

• Twitwa : Whewellite ntaa nyɛ afã horow koraa . Wɔntaa nhu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ facetable, ne sɛnea mineral no mu paapae, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ahwehwɛ a ɛtaa yɛ abien, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den kakraa bi no ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetwitwa. Wɔtaa tɔn ɔbo no a ɛnyɛ den de kyerɛ.

• Clarity & Transparency : Transparency a ɛkorɔn ye ma whewellite, nanso crystals taa yɛ nketewa dodo sɛ ɛbɛda eyi adi. Wɔahu Whewellite sɛ nea ɛka zircon ho .

• Kɛseɛ : Whewellites kakraa bi a ɛwɔ afã no yɛ nketewa, ɛfiri 0.05 kɔsi 2.21 cts. Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ anim no taa yɛ nketewa koraa.

Ansa na wobetwitwa anaa wɔbɛtɔn no, ɔkwan bɛn so na whewellite yɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Whewellite wɔ Ɔman Tete Nneɛma Akorae, Prague | Mfonini no fi: Sbisolo, Ɔmanfo de

Whewellite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Whewellite tumi yɛ nea ɛwɔ abɔde mu (wɔ nnipa, afifide, ne mmoa mu) ne asase ho nneɛma nyinaa mu.

Wɔ asase ho nimdeɛ mu no, wohu aboɔden abo no sɛ aboɔden abo titiriw a ɛwɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam wɔ carbonate-sulfide ntini, geodes , septarian nodules, ne uranium akorae mu, na ɛyɛ nsu mu hyew. Whewellite nso betumi ayɛ bere a nneɛma a nkwa wom a ɛwɔ abotan so no yɛ oxidize no, na wobetumi ahu eyinom wɔ fango a wɔabɔ no mu.

Whewellite nam abotan bi so — s.e. andesites , basalts, ne serpentinites — denam lichens, a ɛyɛ abɔde a ɛyɛ den, te sɛ afifide a ɛyɛ atɛkyɛ ne fungi.

Wɔ abɔde mu no, abɔde a nkwa wom ahorow betumi ayɛ whewellite, efi afifide te sɛ cacti ne rɔba nnua so kosi mmoa te sɛ akraman ne nnipa so. Mmoa nso betumi awe afifide a saa oxalates yi wom, na ebetumi asɛe wɔn akwahosan.

Aboɔden abo ne nneɛma afoforo a wɔtaa hu sɛ ɛne whewellite wɔ abusuabɔ no bi ne:

• Barite a wɔfrɛ no Barite

• Calcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Chalcedony na ɔyɛ ɔmanpanyin

• Kɔpa

• Moolooitefo na wɔte saa

• Pyrite a wɔfrɛ no Pyrite

• Siderite a wɔde di dwuma

• Smythitefoɔ

• Sphalerite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Weddellitefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Hydrocarbon ahorow a ɛyɛ waxy

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu whewellite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Faako pɛ a wonim sɛ facetable whewellite crystals fi ne Czech Republic, nanso na nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ no sa na nsu yiri faa.

Whewellite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ fibea titiriw ne Nikolaevsky Mine a ɛwɔ Primorsky Krai, Russia no.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛho hia a wonya fi whewellite minerals ne:

• France

• Germany

• Hungary na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Romania na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Slovakia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• UK (England) .

• U.S.A. (Montana, Ohio, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah) Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so, na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so bio.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Whewellite ahwehwɛ fitaa a efi Saxony, Germany | Mfonini no fi: Kelly Nash, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Whewellite Bo & Ne Bo

Esiane sɛ ɛho yɛ na nti, faceted whewellite aboɔden abo bo taa yɛ (ɛnyɛ nwonwa) sɛ ɛkɔ soro sen biara. Whewellite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 200 kosi bɛboro dɔla 2,200 wɔ carat biara mu.

Wɔ whewellite rough fam no, bo a ɛkorɔn taa kɔ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ kɛse, fitaa koraa so (wɔ bruu nhwɛsode ahorow a abu so kɛse so).

Whewellite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fitaa anaa nea enni kɔla a ɛyɛ twinned a ɛyɛ papa no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 300 kosi dɔla 2,850. Whewellite ahwehwɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ hann no bo yɛ dɔla 30 kosi 70.

Brown whewellite rough bo bɛyɛ dɔla 20 kosi 40. Calcite ne whewellite nhwɛsode ahorow no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 100.

Whewellite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Sɛnea ebia woasusuw no, asiane kɛse wɔ whewellite mu sɛ awuduru bɛba esiane oxalate a ɛwɔ mu nti. Sɛnea ɔbo no nyɛ den pii no kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛtwetwe, na ɛma whewellite mfutuma ba. Whewellite mfutuma betumi ama obi ayɛ abufuw esiane honam ani a ɛka obi ho na awuduru a emu yɛ den afi ne mene mu nti.

Ɛho hia sɛ wokwati sɛ wobɛwe whewellite mfutuma denam ɔbo no a wode nsateaa bedi dwuma ne ahobammɔ nnwinnade a ɛfata a wobɛhyɛ sɛ woretwitwa no so.

Fa whewellite nhwɛsode sie wɔ ade a wɔato mu mu a obiara a ɔde bɛhyɛ wɔn anom (sɛ nhwɛso no, akraman anaa mmofra) ntumi nkɔ hɔ.

Wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho no , ma whewellite ntwe ne ho mfi acid ho. Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa ntama a ɛnyɛ fĩ nkutoo na ɛhohoro whewellite ho.

Whewellite: Ɔbo a Ɛyɛ Soronko Ankasa!

Sɛ wohwɛ whewellite a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ ahwehwɛ fitaa anaa bruu a ɛte sɛ nea ɛnyɛ den. Nanso saa ɔbo yi yɛ soronko wɔ n’ase — sɛ́ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ no ani a ɛyɛ twined a ɛyɛ fɛ anaasɛ afifide ne mmoa ahorow a wɔyɛ saa aboɔden abo yi ani!

Kɔtɔ whewellite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko nnɛ!