Tugtupite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Tugtupite yɛ aboɔden abo a wɔtaa yɛ nsensanee a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa pink titiriw. Wohu no titiriw wɔ Greenland na wɔde abodin “Reindeer Stone” ato so.

So tugtupite ho yɛ na? Aane. Ɛyɛ mineral a ɛho yɛ na koraa na ɛyɛ faceted gem a ɛho yɛ na koraa. Wonim no yiye wɔ wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano no mu .

Ɛno akyi no, tugtupite wɔ nneɛma a ɛyɛ anigye te sɛ piezoelectricity, fluorescence, ne tenebrescence — ne nyinaa bɛbubu mu wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu.

Bra bere a yɛrehu ahintasɛm a ɛwɔ tugtupite aboɔden abo mfaso, ne bo, abakɔsɛm, ne nea ɛkeka ho akyi no!

Mfonini no fi: Jessa ne Mark Anderson, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Dɛn Ne Tugtupite Ɔbo?

Tugtupite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wɔahu nnansa yi , a wonim no fi 1960 mfe no mu nkutoo. Wohuu ɔbo a wɔntaa nhu no wɔ Greenland, faako a wɔsan frɛ no Tuktu a ɛkyerɛ “akraman mogya,” a wonya fii Greenland kasa mu Inuit asɛmfua tuttu a ɛkyerɛ “akraman” mu.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, tugtupite so ba Leo nsɛnkyerɛnne so mfaso.

Ebia ɔbo no bɛyɛ te sɛ aboɔden abo te sɛ rhodochrosite ne rhodonite bere a ɛwɔ pink ne fitaa anaa pink ne tuntum a wɔde abɔ so no. Nanso, rhodochrosite yɛ manganese silicate, rhodonite yɛ manganese carbonate, na manganese nni tugtupite mu.

Ɛwom sɛ ebia ɛsono sɛnea ɛte de, nanso tugtupite ne sodalite wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse na ɛtaa nyin bom.

Nyansahufo ayɛ tugtupite a wɔayɛ de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ sɛnea sodalite-kuw mu mineral ahorow hyerɛn ho, nanso wɔanyɛ tugtupite a wɔayɛ no sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma wɔ aboɔden abo mu.

Tugtupite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Tugtupite yɛ beryllium aluminium tectosilicate a chlorine ne sodium wom. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ mineral no mu ne Na4AlBeSi4O12Cl. Efĩ a ɛtaa ba no bi ne dade, gallium, sulfur , magnesium, potassium, calcium, ne nsu.

Wobetumi akyekyɛ aboɔden abo no mu wɔ feldspathoid aboɔden abo kuw a ɛyɛ tectosilicates a ɛte sɛ feldspars nanso ɛwɔ silica kakraa bi na ɛsono ne nhyehyɛe. Feldspathoid afoforo bi ne afghanite , petalite , ne sodalite-kuw mu aboɔden abo.

Nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, tugtupite yɛ helvine mineral kuw no fã, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobu no sɛ sodalite kuw ketewaa bi.

Tugtupite ahwehwɛ su ahorow no bi ne prism ntiantiaa a ɛwɔ sphenoids (a ɛwɔ anim anan, ɛte sɛ wedge, a wɔato mu) anaa pyramid, mass, ne aggregates a ɛyɛ fɛ. Ebia ahwehwɛ bɛda penetration twinning adi, ayɛ pseudocubic triplets, anaasɛ pseudo-trigonal contact twinning.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tugtupite ne chkalovite nhwɛsode a ɛwɔ phosphorescent tebea mu bere a wɔde UVabc hann | Mfonini no fi: Cran Cowan, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Tugtupite Optical Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka no, tugtupite wɔ nneɛma bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa.

Baako fam no, ɛda fluorescence a ano yɛ den (ɛhyerɛn wɔ X-ray anaa UV-hann ase) ne phosphorescence (hyerɛn tenten, te sɛ nneɛma a “ɛhyerɛn wɔ sum mu”) adi. Ebinom mpo frɛ no “aboɔden abo a ɛhyerɛn no hene.”

Nanso nea ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara ne tugtupite tenebrescence, anaa “photochromism a wotumi dannan no.”

Tenebrescence, aniwa mu adeyɛ a ɛntaa nsi wɔ aboɔden abo mu ne bere a ɔbo bi sesa kɔla bere a wɔde ahyɛ hann ahorow bi mu (mpɛn pii no UV-hann te sɛ owia hann) akyi no, afei ɛsan kɔ ne mfitiase kɔla no so. Saa nsakrae yi betumi aba mpɛn pii a ennya ɔbo no kɔla so nkɛntɛnso daa.

Nea ɛnte sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsakra kɔla no, tenebrescent aboɔden abo de nkakrankakra sesa kɔla bere a ɛba akanea ahorow no mu na efi mu ba no.

Enti, ɔhyew ne UV hann a wɔde hyɛ mu (te sɛ owia hann) bɛma tugtupite kɔla no mu ayɛ den kɛse, mpɛn pii no efi pink a ɛyɛ hann kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn.

Aboɔden abo afoforo a ebetumi ayɛ tenebrescent nkutoo ne scapolite (ɛntaa), spodumene , ne sodalite ahorow hackmanite .

Tugtupite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw nyinaa nie:

• Mohs denden : 4-6.5

• Kɔla : Ɛtaa yɛ fitaa, pink, rose-red, crimson, ahabammono; Ɛntaa nyɛ bruu; Mottling abu so

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Tetragonal

• Luster : Vitreous, sub-vitreous, waxy, dull, anaa srade

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kosi nea ɛnyɛ hann

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ hyew : 1.496-1.502

• Nnipa dodow : 2.11-2.60

• Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {101} so; Fair wɔ {110} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Fluorescence a ɛwɔ hɔ - soronko rose-red a ɛyɛ den wɔ SW-UV mu sen LW-UV anaa salmon-red wɔ SW-UV & orange wɔ LW-UV; Phosphorescence a ɛwɔ hɔ - cream a ɛhyerɛn kɔsi orange-cream anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ dull kɔsi cream-fitaa; X-rays - ma kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ tumm

• Pleochroism : Ɛwɔ hɔ, ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛyɛ den - bruu-kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ anaa lilac kosi kɔkɔɔ-akutu

• Nkyekyɛm abien : 0.006-0.008; Anomalously biaxial na ɛyɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ

• Ntrɛwmu : 0.012

• Nneɛma a ɛkɔ so wɔ aniwa so : Tenebrescence

Na tugtupite metaphysical su ne nea ɛkyerɛ nso ɛ?

Mfonini no fi: Ɔwofo Géry, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Tugtupite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Tugtupite abo yɛ anidaso, biakoyɛ, ne ɔdɔ ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ebinom kyerɛ tugtupite honhom mu ntease ase sɛ ɛkanyan akɔnnɔ anaa ɔdɔ a bere bi na woahwere anaasɛ wo werɛ afi.

Sɛnea ɔbo no tumi yɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ den wɔ owia hann mu nanso ɛyera wɔ sum mu no betumi ayɛ nkaebɔ sɛ wobɛma wo mu hann ahyerɛn.

Wɔ Greenland no, tugtupite akanyan anansesɛm pii, na nea ɛda nsow kɛse ne Tutu ho asɛm:

Inuitfo anansesɛm ka sɛ Tutu, “akraman abeawa” no tuu kwan foroo mmepɔw no kɔwoo ne ba a odi kan. Bere a wɔrewo no, mogya a epuei no kɔɔ bepɔw so abo no mu, na ɛde tugtupite bae.

Abakɔsɛm

Danish aboɔden abo ho nimdefo Henning Sørensen na odii kan huu Tugtupite wɔ Tugtup Agtâkorfia, Greenland, wɔ afe 1957. Wohuu aboɔden abo no wɔ beae bi a wɔfrɛ no Ilimaussaq complex, beae koro no ara a Europafo a wɔhwehwɛɛ nneɛma mu dii kan huu sodalite wɔ afe 1811. Sɛ sodalite da nkyɛn a, ɛno nso yɛ type locality ma aboɔden abo afoforo pii a arfvedsonite ne eudialyte ka ho .

Edin "tugtupite" no fi saa beae a edi kan yi mu, ne Tugtup , a ɛkyerɛ “reindeer” wɔ Greenland Inuit kasa mu, na ɛkanyan abodin “Reindeer Stone.” Ebia ɔbo no kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ akraman Rudolph hwene kɔkɔɔ a agye din no nso na ɛde abodin yi ba.

Nanso, edin a edi kan a wɔde frɛɛ ɔbo no ne beryllium sodalite. Russiafo aboɔden abo ho abenfo Evgeny Ivanovich Semenov ne Alexandra Vasilyevna Bykova tintim nea wohuu tugtupite wɔ Russia wɔ 1960. Bere a wohuu ɔbo no ho anigye kɛse bere a wohuu no wɔ beae foforo wɔ Greenland wɔ 1962 mu nkutoo.

Sørensen de edin “tugtupite” ho nyansahyɛ mae wɔ 1963 mu, na Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) penee so wɔ 1965. Wɔmaa tugtupite aboɔden abo a edi kan no bae wɔ 1965 nso mu.

Te sɛ nuummite , tugtupite aboɔden abo a ɛdɔɔso fibea biako pɛ ne Greenland. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ɔbo no ho ayɛ na kɛse fi bere a wohuu no mfiase no.

Sɛ yɛsan kɔ metaphysical fã no a, dɛn ne ayaresa su ahorow a ɛwɔ tugtupite ahwehwɛ mu?

Tugtupite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛsa yare a ɛyɛ pink titiriw no , tugtupite ka aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ pink ho de gye tom ne ɔdɔ ba, ne sɛ ɛyɛ koma chakra abo .

Dɛn na tugtupite yɛ ma wo honam fam?

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔkyerɛ sɛ tugtupite ahwehwɛ boa ma:

• Hormone ahorow a ɛkari pɛ

• Awo a wontumi nwo

• Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu

• Koma mu akwahosan

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, tugtupite so ba wɔn a wodi animtiaabu anaa adwemmɔne ho dwuma no so mfaso, titiriw nea efi ahokyere anaa atoro a atwam mu ba no. Wogye di sɛ ahwehwɛ no boa wo ma wubue wo ho ma ɔdɔ wɔ koma a abubu akyi bere a ɛboa wo ma wodɔ wo ho bio no.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tugtupite wɔ LW-UV hann ase | Mfonini no fi: Géry ƆWOFO, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Tugtupite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, tugtupite aboɔden abo bo gyina kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne carat mu duru so.

Ahosuo

Kɔla pink a ɛtaa ba wɔ tugtupite aboɔden abo mu no fi kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ mfinimfini a sulfur wom. Mpɛn pii no, kɔla afoforo a ɛwɔ tugtupite mu no yɛ nsensanee ne tuntum, fitaa, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a ahabammono. Kɔla bruu ho yɛ na, na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔatwitwa tugtupite cabochons bruu a ennu dumien da.

Mpɛn pii no, abo a ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ kosi pink sen fitaa anaa tuntum no som bo kɛse.

Wɔ wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano mu no, pleochroism a emu yɛ den, tenebrescence, ne luminescence nso ho hia.

Twa

Mpɛn pii no, wotwitwa tugtupite ma ɛyɛ cabochons , di adwini, anaasɛ wɔtɔn a wontwitwaa (a ɛyɛ den). Tugtupite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa na ɛsom bo.

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ ne sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo bi ho, a ebetumi ama aboɔden abo no mu a ɛda adi na ne bo akɔ fam. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde tugtupite nhwɛsode ahorow ka ho, na mpɛn pii no, ɛwɔ nsensanee kɔkɔɔ anaa nnade tuntum. Nneɛma kakraa bi a wɔde ka ho ne translucence a ɛkorɔn kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo a ɛkorɔn.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Tugtupites a ɛwɔ afã kakraa bi pɛ na ɛwɔ hɔ, ne nyinaa yɛ nketewa (1-2 cts) na ɛnyɛ nea wɔde wɔn ho ahyɛ mu koraa. Tugtupite a ɛyɛ hann dodow no ara bɛyɛ cabochons, na wɔtaa twitwa (anaasɛ wɔtɔn akɛse) de yɛ agude asinasin.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tugtupite nhwɛsode a ɛwɔ LW-UV hann ase | Mfonini no fi: Géry ƆWOFO, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Tugtupite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Tugtupite ba wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ntini mu wɔ ogya abotan a ɛhyɛn mu mu, titiriw nepheline syenite pegmatites. Mpɛn pii no, abotan a ɛwɔ sodalite kuw mu no yɛ ahwehwɛ fi magma a sodium pii wom mu wɔ ogya abotan mu bere a abotan no hyehyɛ no.

Tugtupite nso betumi ayɛ denam sodium beryllium silicate chkalovite a wɔde besi ananmu no so.

Aboɔden abo a ɛbata tugtupite ho no bi ne:

• Sodalite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Sphalerite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Pyrochlore a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Neptunite a wɔfrɛ no Neptunite

• Chlzalovite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Epistolite a wɔde kyerɛw krataa

• Aegirine a wɔfrɛ no Aegirine

• Albite na ɔkyerɛwee

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ tugtupites a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo nyinaa fi Taseq ne Kvanefield mmeae a ɛwɔ Greenland. Nneɛma foforo a wonim sɛ wonya fi mu nkutoo ne Canada ne Russia.

Tugtupite a ɛho yɛ na no fã bi ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetu fam wɔ Greenland no. Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wotu fam no de hyɛmma ne nantew tu kwan kɔ mmepɔw atenten so, na wɔde nneɛma no san kɔ nkotoku mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tugtupite pendant (a wɔde asi 18K sika kɔkɔɔ mu) bere a wɔde ahyɛ UV kanea ase akyi | Mfonini no fi: Jessa ne Mark Anderson, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Tugtupite Bo & Ne Bo

Sɛ wowɔ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na saa a, wubetumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ nneɛma bo bɛkɔ soro koraa bere a worehwehwɛ tugtupite a wɔtɔn — ɛwom sɛ ɛda so ara sua sen aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo pii de.

Ɛwom sɛ wobetumi ahu tugtupite ahorow bi a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛba fam a ne bo bɛyɛ $30-$40 wɔ carat biara mu de, nanso dodow no ara yɛ bɛyɛ $270-$480 wɔ carat biara mu anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Tugtupite cabochons fi bɛyɛ $8-$240 wɔ carat biara mu, ɛwom sɛ dodow no ara yɛ bɛyɛ $20 wɔ carat biara mu de.

Tugtupite cabochon pendants a ɛyɛ pink bo yɛ bɛyɛ $100 kosi $2,200, ɛwom sɛ pendants a ɛyɛ den taa yɛ $30 kosi $100 de. Mpɛn pii no, tugtupite nkaa yɛ dɔla 200 kosi 500. Asomuade bo bɛyɛ dɔla 200 kosi 250.

Nea etwa to no, yɛbɛkɔ tugtupite aboɔden abo hwɛ so .

Tugtupite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Esiane sɛ ɔbo no Mohs denden a ɛba fam ne mpaapaemu a ɛda nsow nti, tugtupite agude betumi ayɛ mmerɛw. Yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ paw pendants ne asomuade — hyɛ tugtupite nkaa a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe a ɛbɔ ho ban nkutoo .

Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro tugtupite ho. Mfa mfiri a wɔde siesie nneɛma nni dwuma. Fa sie wɔ baabi a ɛda nsow wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo ho na amma ansɛe.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tugtupite ne chkalovite nhwɛsode wɔ UVc hann ase| Mfonini no fi: Cran Cowan, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

So Tugtupite Retwe Wo Koma Nhama?

Aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano no som tugtupite esiane ne kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ ne UV hann a ɛyɛ adwuma nti, bere a ahwehwɛ ayaresafo ma ahwehwɛ no anuonyam wɔ tumi a wɔkyerɛ sɛ etumi to nsa frɛ ɔdɔ kronkron ba w’asetra mu no ho. Ɛmfa ho ɔfã bɛn na wowɔ no, pii wɔ hɔ a wobɛdɔ wɔ tugtupite ho!

Kɔtɔ tugtupite ne aboɔden abo soronko foforo nnɛ!