Topaz Abo: Adetɔfo Akwankyerɛ a Ɛfa Nneɛma Ahorow, Bo, ne Nkyerɛase Ho

Topaz yɛ aboɔden abo a wotumi de di dwuma pii na ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow, a nea enni kɔla ka ho. Topaz kɔla ahorow a wonim no yiye ne bruu ne borɔdɔma.

Wɔdɔ topaz wɔ wiase nyinaa, nanso U.S. aman abien ama ɔdɔ yi ayɛ aban de. Texas ne Utah nyinaa ka sɛ topaz yɛ wɔn ɔman aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ aban de. Texas paw sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ topaz bruu anuonyam, bere a Utah de nidi ma topaz a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma.

Wɔaka topaz ho asɛm mpo wɔ abakɔsɛm nhoma pii mu. Sɛ woate Dante Divine Comedy ho asɛm a, ebia wunim adwuma no fã a ɛto so abiɛsa, Paradiso. Bere a ɔkyerɛwfo no ahyia ɔsoro ɔkra bi akyi no, ɔde topaz kasakoa kamfo n’ayamye no sɛ:

“Gye sika wɔ me koma mu, ma agya akwaaba yi. Nokware mesrɛ wo, topase a ɛte ase!”

Nanso dɛn na ɛma topaz yɛ anansesɛm saa? Ɛno ne nea yɛn abenfo a wɔwɔ Gem Rock Auctions ha no asi gyinae sɛ wɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mu wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu, baabi a wubehu biribiara a wopɛ sɛ wuhu fa topaz aboɔden abo ho pɛn.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Topaz aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma a wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den afra mu

Ɛfa Topaz Ɔbo no ho

Topaz yɛ aboɔden abo a agye din a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wonim no yiye wɔ pink, orange, ne bruu mu, ɛwom sɛ ɛwɔ kɔla afoforo nso de.

Aboɔden abo a egu ahorow no hyɛ awodadi asram abien fɛ: topaz bruu sɛ December awobo ne topaz kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma sɛ November awobo . Blue topaz nso kae ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 4 , bere a topaz kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma di mfe 23 afahyɛ.

Bio nso, topaz yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ awobo a ɛyɛ anigye ma wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Scorpio ase no .

Ɛwom sɛ topaz nyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo wɔ mfiridwuma mu de, nanso ɛne aboɔden abo anan a ɛsom bo — diamond , sapphire , ruby ​​, ne emerald — di nsɛ wɔ sɛnea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ na ɛyɛ fɛ a ne bo yɛ mmerɛw koraa mu.

Esiane ne bo a ɛba fam nti, topaz nso betumi atwam ama aboɔden abo a agye din kɛse — te sɛ topaz fitaa a ɛyɛ daimond ho mfonini anaa topaz bruu a ɛyɛ aquamarine ho mfonini .

Nea ɛne eyi bɔ abira no, abo pii a ne bo nyɛ den betumi asuasua topaz, te sɛ:

• Brazilni a ɔyɛ ɔbarima

• Euclase na ɔkyerɛwee

• Heliodor na ɔkyerɛwee

• Phenakite a wɔfrɛ no Phenakite

• Citrine a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Abobɔdeɛ

• Humite

• Axinite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Orthoclase a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm

Nyansahufo ayɛ topaz a wɔayɛ , nanso wɔntaa ntɔn wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔtɔn no gua so efisɛ abɔde mu topaz nyɛ nea ɛho yɛ na a ɛyɛ nwonwa na nea wɔyɛ no gye bere kakra.

Ɛdefa aboɔden abo ho no, dɛn ne nneɛma a ɛda nsow wɔ topaz aboɔden abo mu wɔ honam fam ne aniwa so?

Topaz Mineral Ho Nsɛm a Wɔakyerɛkyerɛ Mu

Sɛ́ aluminium fluorosilicate no, topaz a ɛyɛ aban de a efi Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) hɔ ne Al2SiO4F2.

Nanso, fluorine ne hydroxide dodow a ɛwɔ topaz mu no betumi ayɛ soronko — ɛno kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi akyerɛw formula no nso sɛ Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 na crystal no betumi ayɛ orthorhombic anaa triclinic a egyina fluorine:hydroxide ratio so.

Topaz ahwehwɛ taa yɛ prismatic ne adum. Wobetumi atenten na wɔayɛ tratraa anaasɛ wɔayɛ tiaa na wɔayɛ mmerɛw. Ebia nsɛm a wɔde wie no bɛyɛ pyramidal, wedge, blunt, anaasɛ chisel. Aboɔden abo no nso ba wɔ suban a ɛyɛ granular anaa massive mu.

Wɔ sɛnea ɛko tia nsensanee ho no, topaz kyerɛkyerɛ 8 ranking wɔ Mohs hardness scale so .

Topaz Su ahorow a Wɔahyehyɛ

Ase hɔ no yɛ topaz su ahorow a wotumi hu no din:

• Mohs a ɛyɛ den : 8

• Kɔla : Kɔla : Enni kɔla, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, tan, kɔbere, bruu, bruu-ahabammono, ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-akutu, borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, akorade, peach, pink, fitaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic (OH>F) anaa triclinic (F>OH) .

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ) .

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Refractive index : 1.607-1.649 wɔ ne nyinaa mu; Topaz a ɛwɔ fam no yɛ bruu, bruu (a ɛnyɛ chromium bearing), ne kɔkɔɔ; Ɛkorɔn wɔ topaz a ɛyɛ bruu, kɔkɔɔ, ne pink a chromium wom mu

• Nnipa dodow : 3.45-3.61; Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛkorɔn sen biara wɔ topaz a ɛyɛ bruu anaa nea enni kɔla mu

• Cleavage : Basal mpaapaemu a edi mũ wɔ (001) so .

• Fracture : Conchoidal anaasɛ Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Fluorescence & X-ray kɔla taa ba, ɛsakra kɔla:

  • Topaz a enni kɔla anaa bruu : Kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi ahabammono wɔ LW-UV & SW-UV mu, Violet-blue anaa ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ X-ray mu

  • Sherry, brown, yellow, anaa pink topaz : Ɛyɛ borɔdɔma-kɔla a ɛyɛ den wɔ LW-UV mu & ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma-kɔla anaa ahabammono-fitaa wɔ SW-UV mu; Ɛyɛ bruu-kɔla anaa borɔdɔma wɔ X-ray mu

• Pleochroism : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛwɔ hɔ, ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛkɔ fam, ɛsono sɛnea topaz kɔla te:

  • Yellow topaz : Straw kɔkɔɔ kosi ɛwo kɔkɔɔ kosi lemon kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn

  • Blue topaz : Nea enni kɔla kosi rose a ɛyɛ hann kosi bruu a ɛhyerɛn

  • Green topaz : Enni kɔla anaa bruu-ahabammono kosi ahabammono anaasɛ bruu-ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn kosi nea enni kɔla anaa ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn

  • Brown topaz : Ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi kɔkɔɔ-biribiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

  • Topaz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri : Kɔkɔɔ kosi kɔkɔɔ

  • Treated “burned” pink : Enni kɔla kosi rose anaasɛ cherry kɔkɔɔ tuntum kosi ɛwo kɔkɔɔ

  • Abɔde mu pink : Lilac kosi kɔkɔɔ kosi kɔkɔɔ

• Birefringence : Ne nyinaa mu no, 0.008-0.011, ɛsono sɛnea kɔla & fibea; Lower ma shades of brown anaa yellow & higher ma shades a ɛyɛ bruu, pink, ne kɔkɔɔ

• Ntrɛwmu : 0.014 (a ɛba fam) .

Yɛaka ahorow kakraa bi ho asɛm dedaw, nanso dɛn ne topaz aboɔden abo titiriw, na ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛsono wɔn ho wɔn ho?

Topaz Ahorow Ahorow

Topaz aboɔden abo ahodoɔ titire a wobɛhunu wɔ aboɔden aboɔ gua so ne topaz bruu, imperial topaz, sherry topaz, Mystic Topaz, ne azotic topaz. Ɛno nkata topaz kɔla ahorow no nyinaa so, nanso eyinom ne nea ɛho hia titiriw, enti momma yɛnkyekyɛ emu biara mu:

Topaz a ɛyɛ bruu

Ɛnnɛ, bruu ne topaz kɔla a agye din sen biara. Ɛsan nso yɛ nea ɛdɔɔso na ne bo yɛ den sen biara wɔ gua so no mu biako, nanso abɔde mu topaz abo a ɛyɛ bruu no ho yɛ na ankasa — wɔde ayaresa ahorow ayɛ topaz bruu dodow no ara ayɛ bruu.

Wubehu topaz bruu ahorow atitiriw abiɛsa, a wɔkra wɔ ne bo a ɛkɔ soro mu:

• Sky Blue : Bruu a ɛyɛ hann, mpɛn pii no enni nnyigyei biara a ɛwɔ ase; Wɔtaa yɛ denam gamma-ray mframa a wɔde sa topaz abo a enni kɔla so afei ɔhyew so

• Swiss Blue : Bruu a ɛyɛ hyew, ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ medium, a eye sen biara a enni nnyigyei biara a ɛwɔ ase; Wɔtaa yɛ denam topaz abo a enni kɔla, ɛyɛ bruu, anaa bruu a ɛyɛ fitaa a wɔde neutron atopae a wɔde di dwuma wɔ nuklea afiri a wɔde yɛ nneɛma mu ne ɛlɛtrɔnik atopae a wɔde gu linear accelerator mu, a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔhyew di akyi no so

• London Blue : Bruu a emu dɔ “inky”, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ ahabammono anaa fitaa; Wɔtaa yɛ denam neutron atopae a wɔde yɛ topaz a enni kɔla wɔ nuklea afiri anaa gamma-ray mframa mu, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɔhyew di akyi no so

Topaz abo a ɛwɔ saa akuw yi mu biara mu no betumi ayɛ soronko kakra a egyina ɛnne a ɛwɔ ase ne sɛnea ɛdɔɔso so.

Nsɛmfua afoforo a wɔde frɛ topaz bruu ne nsukyenee bruu ne nsukyenee bruu, a abien no nyinaa te sɛ wim bruu.

Afã bi a ɛho hia: asɛmfua “Paraiba topaz” yɛ din a ɛnteɛ a wɔde frɛ neon blue anaa green tourmaline .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Imperial topaz

Ahemman no Topaz

Topaz ahorow a ɛsom bo sen biara, “ahemman topaz” yɛ aguadi din a wɔde frɛ topaz a ne kɔla yɛ hyew a enni nkyerɛase pɔtee a wɔapene so.

Aboɔden abo ho animdefo dodow no ara kyekyɛ ahemman topaz mu sɛ kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-akutu, anaa borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ a ne nne yɛ mfinimfini; nanso ebinom de kɔla ahorow te sɛ borɔdɔma, pink, peach, coral, kɔkɔɔ-akutu, ne violet ka ho wɔ “ahemman” nkatanim no ase.

Bio nso, aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ pleochroic ma ahemman topaz. Wɔma ahemman topaz aboɔden abo pii yɛ hyew, na ɛma nnyigyei kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ ase no yɛ kɛse.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Sherry topaz

Sherry Topaz na ɔkyerɛwee

Sherry topaz yɛ topaz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi borɔdɔma a ɛte sɛ quartz anaa citrine a wusiw wom. Aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom bu saa ahorow yi sɛ ahemman topaz no fã ketewaa bi anaasɛ wɔfrɛ no “topaz a ɛsom bo.”

Sherry topaz kɔla no betumi ayɛ abɔde mu de anaasɛ efi mframa a ano yɛ den ne ɔhyew a wɔde sa yare mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Mystic topaz

Ahintasɛm ho nimdefo Topaz

Nnɛyi subtype, Mystic Topaz yɛ topaz ahorow a wɔayɛ ho adwuma de ada kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ hyew na ɛyɛ nwini adi wɔ ne soro.

Ayaresa ho nhyehyɛe a Azotic LLC na ɛyɛ aguadi agyiraehyɛde no bae wɔ 1998. Ɛfa nnuru a wɔde gu nsu a ɛyɛ hyew (VCD) a ɛde titanium sini a ɛyɛ tratraa gu topaz a enni kɔla so ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Azotic topaz | Mfonini no fi: Minerals.net

Azotic Topaz a ɛwɔ hɔ

Te sɛ Mystic Topaz no, Azotic Topaz yɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔayɛ ho adwuma a ne soro yɛ iridescent a ɛda kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ nyankontɔn adi. Wɔnam akwan horow a Azotic LLC agye ho tumi krataa so na ɛyɛɛ abien no nyinaa.

Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mu no? Azotic ayaresa kwan no ma wonya topaz a kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ hare nanso ɛhyerɛn wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ hyew, a mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ pinkish-kɔla.

Topaz Abakɔsɛm

Asɛmfua “topaz” atra hɔ akyɛ, abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo nnim bere a wodii kan de dii dwuma.

Nsɛm a wodii kan kaa ho asɛm no mu biako ne Naturalis Historiae (Natural History) a afeha a ɛto so 1 Y.B.

Ebia edin “topaz” no hyɛ saa mfitiase fibea no anuonyam. Nsusuwii foforo a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea topaz fi ase no fi Sanskrit kasa mu tapas , a ɛkyerɛ “ogya,” a ɛkyerɛ abo bi kɔla a ɛyɛ borɔdɔma.

Ɛmfa ho nea ɛbɛba biara no, wɔde asɛmfua “topaz” dii dwuma mfehaha pii... nanso ɛnyɛ topaz pɔtee.

Wɔ 1600 kosi 1700 mfe no mu no, abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo ne aboɔden abo ho animdefo hui sɛ “topaz” a efi Topazios Supɔw so no yɛ olivine ankasa , na na nkurɔfo de “topaz” adi dwuma ama abo ahorow a quartz ne beryl ka ho. Britania kyerɛwfo Thomas Nicols kaa abakɔsɛm mu nsɛm a ɛnteɛ ho asɛm titiriw wɔ ne nhoma a agye din A Lapidary anaa History of Gemstones a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ 1652 mu no mu .

Tete din foforo a wɔde dii dwuma ne chrȳsolithus anaa chrysolithos , a wonya fii tete Hela nsɛmfua khrusós a ɛkyerɛ “sika” ne lithos a ɛkyerɛ “ɔbo” mu. Awiei koraa no eyi bɛyɛɛ “chrysolite,” asɛmfua a wɔtaa de frɛ peridot ne abo afoforo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono.

Ahemman Topaz a Wɔahu

Wohuu “Ahemman topaz” bɛyɛ 1700 mfe no mfiase mu hɔ, nanso ɛsono nsɛm a wonya fii mu wɔ sɛ ebia aguadi din no hyɛ Russia anaa Portugal ahemfo anuonyam ho.

Wɔ 1700 mfe no mu no, wɔn a wɔhwehwɛ topaz wɔ Brazil huu topaz a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo pii a ɛwɔ Ouro Prêto a ɛwɔ Minas Gerais no mu. Ná Brazil yɛ Portugal atubraman, enti nsɛm bi ka sɛ na asɛmfua “ahemman topaz” no hyɛ Portugal ahemfo anuonyam.

Canadani ɔkyerɛwfo ne aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano Ɔbenfo Michael A. Menzies kyerɛwee wɔ n’asɛm a ɔkyerɛwee wɔ afe 2023 mu “ Topaz from Granite Pegmatites ” mu sɛ wohuu topaz (ɛbɛyɛ sɛ topaz bruu) wɔ Ural Mmepɔw so wɔ Russia wɔ 1600 mfe no awiei kosi 1700 mfe no mfiase, bere a wohuu topaz kɔkɔɔ wɔ Saxony, Germany, wɔ 1720 mfe no mu.

Menzies si so dua sɛ wodii kan kaa ahemman topaz ho asɛm fii Brazil wɔ 1760 mu, afei wohuu wɔ Ural Mmepɔw so wɔ 1853 mu.

Ɛno akyi no, Brazil “ahemman” topaz trɛw kɔɔ atɔe fam ntɛmntɛm na ɛhyɛɛ Europa ahemfo ahorow abotiri ne agude fɛ — ebia Russia ahemfo nso. Nanso, nsɛm bi ka sɛ na Russia ahemfo nkutoo na wobetumi anya topaz abo a ɛyɛ pink a efi Russia.

Ɛmfa ho nea ɛbɛba biara no, imperial topaz akɔ so ayɛ topaz ahorow a ɛwɔ soro... ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ ahemfo nkutoo de bio de.

Sɛ yɛreka topaz ahorow a agye din, a wotumi nya ho asɛm a...

Blue Topaz Bɛyɛ Nsoromma

Mprempren, ɛnyɛ den sɛ topaz bruu bɛyɛ nea agye din sen biara wɔ wɔn a wɔtɔ da biara da no mu. Nanso ansa na afeha a ɛto so 20 mfinimfini reba no, na ɛnte saa. Ɛno sesae wɔ 1960 mfe no mu.

Saa bere no, na topaz a enni kɔla dɔɔso na ne bo nyɛ den bere a na topaz bruu bo yɛ den na na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya. Ná Brazilfo topaz a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bɛyɛ dɔla 300 wɔ carat biako mu.

Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Frederick H Pough dii kan bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ wɔde mframa a ano yɛ den aduru dii dwuma de danee topaz bruu a enni kɔla wɔ 1957. Ɛyɛ 1970 mfe no mu ansa na Oduruyɛfo Kurt Nassau san huu na ɔbɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ ɔnam mframa a ano yɛ den so dan topaz a enni kɔla bruu no, na topaz bruu a wɔde sa yare no fii ase.

Efi 1975 kosi 1985 no, topaz bruu aboɔden abo a wɔayɛ ho adwuma no yiri faa gua so na ne bo bɛyɛɛ nea nnipa pii nya, na ɛmaa topaz bruu yɛɛ ade titiriw a December nkokoaa ne wɔn a wɔpɛ aboɔden abo bruu agude nyinaa gyina so.

Na ahintasɛm fã no nso ɛ? So metaphysical su anaa gyidi ahorow bi wɔ hɔ a ɛbata topaz ho?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Pendant a wɔde London topaz bruu a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ɔbo a ɛwɔ anim ayɛ so

Topaz Nkyerɛase & Tete Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Efi tete Roma , na akwantufo taa de topaz di dwuma wɔ saa bere yi mu. Ná Romafo gye di sɛ ɔbo no betumi abɔ wo ho ban afi asiane ho na ama wo ho ayɛ hyew. Tete Misrifo huu topaz kɔla kɔkɔɔ sɛ akyɛde a efi Ra, owia nyame hɔ, a ɛyɛ ahoɔden ne ahoɔden ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Mfinimfini Mmere no de gyidi foforo bae wɔ topaz honhom fam tumi ho. Ná nneɛma pɔtee bi a wɔasen wɔ topaz so no wɔ tumi ahorow a ɛda adi. Sɛnea Mfinimfini Mmere mu nhoma kyerɛwfo Ragiel kyerɛ no, ɔkraman adwini bi a wɔde yɛ topaz “boa ma wonya ahemfo, mmapɔmma, ne akɛsefo apɛde pa.”

Ɔhotefo Hildegard, mfinimfini mmere mu Germanni polymast, kamfoo kyerɛe sɛ wɔmfa topaz nhyɛ bobesa mu nna kakraa bi na wɔde petepete aniwa so sɛ “aduru a wɔde sa aniwa a ɛyɛ kusuu.”

Wɔ Renaissance Bere , mu no, na wobu topaz sɛ ade a ɛma obi dwo na ɛbɔ ne ho ban fi nnome ho. Saa bere no na Europafo de topaz bataa Neoplatonsom ho, na na ɛyɛ abusuabɔ a ɔkra no ne amansan no wɔ no ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Ná topaz a wɔde di dwuma wɔ abɔde mu nso abu so wɔ Afrika . Afrikafo ayaresa amanne ahorow no de topaz dii dwuma de ka owu ahemman no ne ahonhom atrae no bom. San shaman da so ara bu topaz sɛ kronkron na wɔsoa ɔbo no bere a wɔretu kwan no.

Wɔ Hindufo amansan ho adesua mu no, topaz gyina hɔ ma Jupiter. Topaz yɛ aboɔden abo akron a ɛwɔ Hindufo talisman navaratna , mu no mu biako, na aboɔden abo biara gyina hɔ ma ɔsoro nipadua bi. Sɛ wɔhyɛ aboɔden abo no bom a, agyan no gyina hɔ ma amansan no tumi ne biakoyɛ.

Ɔkra no gyinabea wɔ amansan no mu nso fa nea topaz kyerɛ wɔ Indiafo amammerɛ mu no ho. Gyidi bi a akyɛ wɔ India ka sɛ topaz bo a wode bɛhyɛ wo koma so no betumi ama woanya nyansa na woanya nkwa tenten.

Nyansa ne nkwa tenten? Fa wo din hyɛ yɛn nsa! Nanso ɛno akyi no, dɛn na wɔde topaz di dwuma?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Topaz mfinimfini ɔbo a ɛyɛ pink a ɛhyerɛn wɔ dwetɛ pendant so

Topaz Ayaresa Nneɛma

Topaz ayɛ ɔbo a wɔdɔ no a wɔde sa yare mfehaha pii na ɛda so ara te saa nnɛ! Ahwehwɛ a tumi wom no wɔ mfaso wɔ ayaresa afã horow nyinaa mu:

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Crystal ayaresafo kamfo topaz kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa sa nipadua mu nyarewa te sɛ:

• Ntini mu yare

• Koko mu yaw

• Nnuan a wɔmfa nni dwuma yiye

• Asoroben

Nnipa pii a wɔwɔ hɔ nnɛ nso di Indiafo gyidi a ɛne sɛ topaz betumi ama woanya nkwa tenten no akyi.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ topaz ma adebɔ yɛ kɛse, ɛmma ahoɔyaw anaa sɔhwɛ nhyia, na ɛtwetwe ahoɔden pa. Wogye di nso sɛ ɛtwetwe anaa ɛhyɛ nkuran:

• Anigyeɛ

• Ahummɔbrɔ

• Ti pa

• Bɔne fafiri

• Tumi a wɔde ma

Chakra Ayaresa

Sɛ wopɛ chakra ayaresa a, topaz yɛ chakra ɔbo a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma owia plexus chakra. Owia plexus chakra no yɛ mfinimfini a ɛma obi hu ne ho na ɔde ne ho hyɛ mu. Sɛ wɔsiw chakra no ano a, yɛsan yɛn akyi esiane ehu ne yɛn ho adwenem naayɛ nti. Topaz betumi ama chakra no ayɛ adwuma, na ama yɛanya charisma ne ɔpɛ a yɛde bedu yɛn botae ahorow a ɛkorɔn sen biara ho!

Nneɛma bɛn na nya topaz aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ gua so no bo ne ne bo so nkɛntɛnso?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Topaz aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-fitaa a ɛwɔ afã horow

Topaz Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Topaz aboɔden abo bo gyina ne kɔla so titiriw, ne sɛnea emu da hɔ, ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat, sɛnea wɔatwitwa, ne sɛnea wɔde sa yare no.

Ahosuo

Kɔla ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔtɔ topaz. Imperial topaz (orange-red kosi red) a ne nne yɛ mfinimfini na ɛyɛ saturation kɛse no ne nea ɛsom bo sen biara.

Sɛnea ɛkɔ fam nnidiso nnidiso no, topaz kɔla ahorow a edi hɔ a ɛsom bo sen biara (sɛ ne dodow no ara yɛ kronkron a ɛnne a ɛyɛ mfinimfini na ɛyɛ ma a) ne kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ, bruu (London, Switzerland, afei Sky), pink, fitaa, afei ahintasɛm anaa azotic.

Topaz abo kɔkɔɔ ne bruu nya ne kɔla fi sintɔ bi a wɔfrɛ no kɔla mfinimfini. Orange topaz ba esiane kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ mfinimfini ne chromium a ɛwɔ mu nti. Abo abiɛsa a ɛyɛ hyew no nyinaa abu so koraa nanso wɔda so ara ani gye ho, na kɔla ahorow a ɛwɔ saturation kɛse ne kɔkɔɔ anaa pink a ɛwɔ ase no bo yɛ den.

Abɔde mu topaz kɔla ahorow a wɔntaa nhu no bi ne pink, kɔkɔɔ, ne sika kɔkɔɔ. Sɛ chromium si aluminium ananmu bere a wɔreyɛ ɔbo no a, wubenya topaz a ɛyɛ pink anaa kɔkɔɔ. Red topaz yɛ nokwarem no ho yɛ na saa, ɛyɛ nea ennu 1% pɛ wɔ facetable topaz nyinaa mu.

Nhwɛsode ahorow a wɔntaa nhu a ɛwɔ kɔla abien, titiriw ahemman topaze ahorow no som bo yiye. Pleochroism a emu yɛ den nso ma mfaso kɔ soro.

Twa

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ topaz rough betumi agye nea wɔatwa biara. Nneɛma a wɔde twa topaz a ɛwɔ afã horow a agye din sen biara no bi ne nea wɔatwa no oval, kurukuruwa, ne anammɔn. Wɔagye din sɛ wɔde abɔde mu topaz bruu a efi Texas yɛ “Lone Star” (anaasɛ “Texas Star”) nsusuwii.

Wobetumi de afã a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ rough a ɛwɔ saturation a ɛkorɔn ayɛ no emerald nsusuwii na ama kɔla ne ne kɛse ayɛ kɛse. Lapidaristfo nso betumi akura topaz ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛte sɛ adum a wɔatwitwa no tenten te sɛ pear, briolette , ne marquise mu duru a ɛyɛ carat no mu.

Nokwarem no, topaz nso betumi abɛyɛ cabochons , nhwiren, anaa nkuruwankuruwa — wɔtaa de nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛnyɛ den na ɛyɛ eyinom, te sɛ topaze a emu da hɔ kɛse.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Topaz a ɛwɔ afã horow a actinolite ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ ade a ɛda nsow ka ho

Ɛda adi pefee

Topaz a emu da hɔ no fi Type I (a mpɛn pii no enni nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu) kosi Type II (mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ nneɛma nketenkete bi a wotumi hu). Topaz abo a enni kɔla, bruu, ne kɔkɔɔ yɛ Type I, bere a sunsuma afoforo — te sɛ imperial, azotic, ne mystic —yɛ Type II.

Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu no bɛma bo a ɛsom ama Type I topaz aboɔden abo no so atew, nanso wɔn a wɔwɔ Type II topaz aboɔden abo mu (titiriw ahemman topaz) no nni nkɛntɛnso kɛse wɔ bo so saa.

Nneɛma a ɛtaa ka ho anaa nkekae a ɛwɔ topaz abo mu no bi ne:

• Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛwɔ afã abien anaa abiɛsa

• Akuru atenten a ɛte sɛ nsukorade (ɛtɔ mmere bi a abubuw a wɔasa, nsu te sɛ nkyene nsu, anaa mframa te sɛ carbon dioxide wom) .

• Cleavage mpaapaemu

• Gas ahurututu a ɛwɔ nsu abien anaa nea ɛboro saa a wontumi nfra mu, a wɔahyehyɛ no pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ wimhyɛn ahorow so

• Actinolite ahwehwɛ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

Abo a wɔayɛ no ani te sɛ azotic anaa Mystic Topaz nso betumi ada kɔla dodow adi wɔ abubuw a ɛkɔ soro no mu.

Ade biako a ɛyɛ anigye a wɔde ka ho ne rutile . Wɔ topaz a wɔayɛ no rutilated mu no, rutile a wɔde ka ho no te sɛ ade na ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ. Sɛ wɔhyehyɛ no yiye a, saa rutile a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama wɔanya chatoyant nkɛntɛnso mpo .

Carat Mu duru

Sɛ woahu topaz wɔ tete nneɛma akorae a, ebia wunim sɛ topaz akɛse a wɔayɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nokwarem no, topaz ahwehwɛ tumi mu duru yɛ nkaribo ɔhaha pii. Kɔla ahorow a wɔtaa de yɛ topaze akɛse ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann ne bruu.

Saa bere yi nyinaa, carat mu duru betumi aka topaz ahorow a wɔntaa nhu te sɛ imperial, pink, sherry, orange, ne golden yellow topaz bo kɛse. Ahorow a etwa to no ho yɛ na boro carat 5 na ɛntaa nsi boro carat 10.

Topaz bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biara ho no taa huruw kɔ carat 2, carat 5, ne carat 10.

Ayaresa ahorow

Wɔyɛ topaz aboɔden abo pii ho adwuma — ebia topaz a enni kɔla mpo fii ase sɛ topaz a ɛyɛ bruu a wɔde hyew no ma ɛbɛyɛ fitaa — nanso ahorow a ɛsom bo te sɛ imperial topaz no som bo kɛse a wɔanyɛ ho adwuma.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ɔhyew anaa mframa a wɔde bɔ topaz a enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ topaz a ɛyɛ bruu anaa ahemman topaz. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde mframa bɛhyɛ topaz no mu ma ayɛ bruu, afei wɔbɛma ayɛ hyew ma ayɛ bruu.

Gemological Institute of America (GIA) wɔ amanneɛbɔ kɛse bi a ɛfa topaz kɔla a wɔde sa yare ho .

Yɛadi kan aka aduru a wɔde kata azotic ne mystic topaz akyi no ho asɛm, nanso ɔkwan foforo a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu ne blue center-fused topaz .

Center fusion ayaresa no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde ɔhyew ne nnuru trɛw kɔla mu, na ɛno akyi no wɔde kɔla a ɛto so abien a ɛwɔ kɔla a ɛto so abien no fra topaz no mu. Bere a center fusion yɛ bo a ɛba fam no, ɛyɛ den kɛse efisɛ scratching, ɔhyew, anaa nnuru rentumi nyi mfi hɔ.

Ɛhe na wohu topaz titiriw wɔ asasesin mu, na mmeae atitiriw bɛn na wotu?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Facet-grade topaz rough a efi Brazil

Topaz Abo Mfiase ne Ne Fibea

Wɔtaa hu topaz wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ntini a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew kɛse, mmeae a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho, ne mmeae a nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam no mu. Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa de bata ho ne quartz, albite , tourmaline, beryl, ne microcline .

Abotan bɛn mu na wohu topaz? Topaz taa yɛ abotan a ɛyɛ ogya a silica wom mu, titiriw pegmatites, granites, ne rhyolite . Wohu no nso wɔ abotan a ɛyɛ metamorphic te sɛ greisens mu.

Wɔ abotan a ogya wom mu no, topaz nam ɔkwan bi a wɔfa so yɛ ahwehwɛ so na ɛba. Wɔ saa adeyɛ yi fã a etwa to mu no, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a fluorine wom wie adeyɛ no, na ɛma wonya topaz.

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wɔtaa hu topaz?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Topaz a wɔtow a ɛho hia sen biara a wɔde yɛ facetable topaz no wɔ Brazil, titiriw Ouro Mantam no mu . Russia ne ɔman a ɛto so abien a wonya topaz a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo.

Topaz afoforo a ɛdɔɔso a ɛwɔ hɔ no bi ne nea ɛwɔ:

• Afghanistan

• Australia

• Germany

• Madagascar

• Mexico

• Namibia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Nigeria

• Pakistan

• Sri Lanka na ɛwɔ hɔ

• USA (titiriw Utah, Colorado, ne Texas) .

Aman pii a wɔyɛ topaz no tutu topaz kɔla pɔtee bi sen afoforo. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw no, yɛbɛbobɔ topaz ɔbo kɔla biara a mmeae a wonim sɛ wonya fibea no din:

• Topaz Kɔkɔɔ: Brazil, Germany, ne Sri Lanka

• Topaz a Ɛyɛ Bruu: Brazil, Russia, Australia, U.S.A. (Texas ne Colorado) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

• Topaz a Ɛyɛ Pink: Russia, Pakistan, ne Myanmar

• Sherry Topaz: Mexico, Utah, Russia, na ɔyɛ ɔbarima a ɔyɛ ɔdefo

• Topaz a enni kɔla: Brazil, Australia, Mexico, Colorado (U.S.A.) .

Esiane sɛ wubetumi apaw bi nyinaa nti, ebia woresusuw sɛnea topaz bo yɛ den no ho.

Topaz Bo ne Ne Bo

Topaz yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ den sen aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ fɛ saa ara te sɛ abohene, nanso ne bo da so ara yɛ soronko.

Mpɛn pii no, topaz a ɛwɔ afã horow no fi dɔla 5 kosi 600 wɔ carat biara mu, na topaz aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ papa dodow no ara bɛyɛ dɔla 100 kosi 200 wɔ carat biara mu. Kɔla ne ne kɛse ne nneɛma atitiriw, enti sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, topaz bo a ɛwɔ afã horow no mu a wɔakyekyɛ mu sɛnea ne hue ne carat mu duru te ni:

Topaz Aboɔden abo Bo a Wɔde Kɔla ne Carat Mu duru Te

• Carat 1 kosi 2 : Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, ɛyɛ $5 kosi $600 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Imperial - $100 kosi $600 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Orange - $170 kosi $300 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Yellow - $45 kosi $85 wɔ carat biara mu

  • London Blue - $45 kosi $85 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Swiss Blue - $45 kosi $80 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Sky Blue - $30 kosi $55 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Pink - $20 kosi $40 wɔ carat biara mu

• 2 kosi 5 Carats : Ne nyinaa mu no, $5 kosi $780 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Imperial - $150 kosi $780 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Orange - $200 kosi $360 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Yellow - $40 kosi $70 wɔ carat biara mu

  • London Blue - $50 kosi $95 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Swiss Blue - $50 kosi $90 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Sky Blue - $40 kosi $70 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Pink - $25 kosi $45 wɔ carat biara mu

• 5 kosi 8 Carats : Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, ɛyɛ $10 kosi $1,050 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Imperial - $200 kosi $1,050 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Orange - $250 kosi $450 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Yellow - $55 kosi $100 wɔ carat biara mu

  • London Blue - $65 kosi $120 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Swiss Blue - $60 kosi $115 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Sky Blue - $50 kosi $90 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Pink - $30 kosi $50 wɔ carat biara mu

• 8 anaa Nea ɛboro saa : Sɛ wɔka ne nyinaa bom a, ɛyɛ $10 kosi $1,250 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Imperial - $230 kosi $1,250 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Orange - $275 kosi $500 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Yellow - $100 kosi $190 wɔ carat biara mu

  • London Blue - $90 kosi $170 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Swiss Blue - $90 kosi $160 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Sky Blue - $60 kosi $115 wɔ carat biara mu

  • Pink - $35 kosi $60 wɔ carat biara mu

Abo fitaa ne Mystic Topaz na ne bo yɛ den sen biara, na ne nyinaa fi dɔla 5 kosi dɔla 15 wɔ carat biako mu.

Topaz aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ afã horow no ntaa mma, na efi bɛyɛ dɔla 550 kosi dɔla 4,500 wɔ carat biako mu ne dɔla 15 kosi dɔla 100 wɔ carat biara mu.

Topaz cabochons dodow no ara yɛ topaz bruu anaa sika kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ, na ne bo fi bɛyɛ dɔla 20 kosi dɔla 1,000 anaa dɔla 10 kosi 85 wɔ carat biara mu.

Nea etwa to no, dɛn ne afotu bi a ɛbɛma woahwɛ topaz agude fɛ na woakora so?

Topaz Hwɛ ne Ne Siesie

Ankorankoro ahobammɔ kan: topaz ayaresa ahorow bi ma radioactivity a aka no ba bere tiaa bi.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔma Switzerland topaz abo a ɛyɛ bruu ne London bruu no “nwini” afe biako ansa na ayɛ nea asiane biara nni ho sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ .

Nea ɛka ho no, topaz a wɔde neutron ayɛ no tumi te ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro nka, bere a topaz a wɔde ɛlɛtrɔnik aduru ayɛ no wɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ den kɛse.

Sɛ wokɔ w’aboɔden abo a wobɛhwɛ so a, wunim dedaw sɛ topaz yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ den. Nanso, topaz a ɛpaapae pɛpɛɛpɛ no kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔbɔ no denneennen a, ebetumi ama ɔbo no abubu. Sɛ wunya ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe ma topaz agude a ɛwɔ afã horow a, ebetumi ama ɔbo no ayɛ nea ahobammɔ wom, nanso eye sɛ wubedi ɔbo no ho dwuma fɛfɛɛfɛ.

Nea ɛbɛyɛ na woanbubu no, fa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne samina a emu nyɛ den nkutoo na ɛho tew topaz. Wosow a ano yɛ den ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro yɛ dabi, enti kwati ultrasonic anaa steam cleaners. Hwɛ hu sɛ wo topaz bo no nso renfa ɔhyew mu nsakrae a ɛba mpofirim mu.

So topaz ye ma da biara da ntade? Topaz dodow no ara fata sɛ wɔhyɛ da biara da, nanso yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ ɛnsɛ sɛ wohyɛ topaz agude bere a woreyɛ dwumadi ahorow a emu yɛ den no.

Azotic ne Mystic Topaz hia ahwɛyiye soronko foforo. Wobetumi apete aboɔden abo no ani a wɔde akata so no, enti yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ fa samina a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo ntew Mystic Topaz ho — ɛnyɛ buffing anaasɛ brushing.

Wɔ topaz abo dodow no ara fam no, kɔla a ɛyera nyɛ nea ɛtaa ba. Nanso, topaz a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛma saa aboɔden abo yi annoa wɔ owia mu akyɛ.

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa

Dɛn na topaz ntumi nsɛe?

Topaz di kan wɔ 8 a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ Mohs mineral hardness scale no so. Aboɔden abo dodow no ara di bɛyɛ 7. Nanso, topaz ntumi nsɛe mineral a ɛwɔ 8 anaa nea ɛboro saa, te sɛ spinel , chrysoberyl (a alexandrite ka ho), corundum (ruby & sapphire), ne diamond.

Topaz kɔla bɛn na ɛsom bo sen biara?

Topaz abo a ɛyɛ pink anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew na ɛsom bo sen biara. Topaz kɔla a ɛto so abien a ɛsom bo sen biara ne borɔdɔma kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ ma. Nanso, kɔla ahorow yi mu biara a ɛwɔ ase te sɛ bruu no bo bɛyɛ nea ɛba fam.

Topaz ho yɛ na dɛn?

Egyina topaz ko so — a ɛne ne kɔla. Topaz aboɔden abo a enni kɔla na ɛyɛ bruu no dɔɔso na wotumi nya bi wɔ baabiara. Blue topaz abɛyɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho na wotumi nya bi esiane aboɔden abo a wɔde sa yare ahorow nti. Topaz ahorow a wɔntaa nhu ne topaz abo a ɛyɛ pink, borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ, ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛho tew, na emu nea ɛho yɛ na no hyɛ “ahemman topaz” ase.

Ɔkwan bɛn so na topaz kɔla ahorow gu ahorow, na so kɔla ahorow bi a ɛda nsow wɔ hɔ?

Ɛwom sɛ topaz a ɛho tew nni kɔla de, nanso wohu topaz abo wɔ kɔla ahorow pii mu esiane ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ne efĩ ahorow nti.

Mpɛn pii no, topaz a wɔansiesie no yɛ nea enni kɔla (wɔsan frɛ no fitaa anaa dwetɛ topaz) anaasɛ ɛyɛ bruu , nanso topaz kɔla afoforo a ɛsono no bi ne:

• Blue : Abɔde mu na efi ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ anaa abɔde mu mframa; Wɔnam ɔhyew ne/anaasɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare so na ɛyɛɛ no; Wɔyɛ no ahorow ahorow te sɛ Ice Blue, Swiss Blue, Sky Blue, ne London Blue

• Imperial : Abɔde mu na ɛde manganese anaa dade & manganese na ɛba; Wɔnam ɔhyew ne/anaasɛ mframa a wɔde bɔ so na ɛbɔɔ no wɔ ɔkwan a wɔayɛ so; Saturated sunsuma a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, akorade, kɔkɔɔ-akutu, anaa borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ

• Sherry : Ɛfiri awosu mu no, dadeɛ na ɛde ba; Wɔnam ɔhyew ne/anaasɛ mframa a wɔde sa yare so na ɛyɛɛ no; Ɛte sɛ ahemman topaz; Ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi borɔdɔma

• Rainbow : Wɔyɛɛ no ​​artificially denam surface coating diffusion ayaresa so; Wɔtɔn no sɛ Mystic Topaz anaa Azotic Topaz

• Hyacinth anaa Jacinth : Nea efi awosu mu fi ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe mu sintɔ ne/anaasɛ dade; Orange kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma tuntum

Wubetumi nso ahu topaz a ɛyɛ violet, pink, yellow, anaa green.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Topaz ring fitaa

Dɛn ne nneɛma atitiriw a wɔde topaz di dwuma wɔ agude a wɔyɛ ne nneɛma afoforo mu?

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde topaz a ɛnyɛ papa di dwuma wɔ nneɛma a wɔde twitwiw nneɛma, nneɛma a ɛmma ogya ntumi nhyew, ne nneɛma a ɛtwetwe nsu mu, ne fluorine a wɔde yɛ nneɛma.

Nanso, wɔde topaz abo dodow no ara yɛ agude. Esiane sɛ ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ adwuma pii nti, topaz agude a wubetumi apaw no dɔɔso — wubetumi ahu topaz nkaa fɛfɛ, kɔnmuade, nkapo, ne nea ɛkeka ho, a mpɛn pii no wɔde abɔ mu ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ kɔla te sɛ citrine, sapphire, tanzanite , ne emerald. Eyinom yɛ nea ɛfata ma afahyɛ ahorow, awodadi, anaasɛ wode ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa a wode bedi wo ho dwuma!

Mɛyɛ dɛn ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda topaz aboɔden abo ankasa ne topaz a wɔayɛ ho adwuma anaa aboɔden abo a ɛtete saa ntam?

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobehu topaz ayaresa pii denam aboɔden abo ho sɔhwɛ ahorow a wɔtaa yɛ so. Topaz abo bruu a wɔayɛ ho adwuma no da thermoluminescence adi ampa a abɔde mu topaz bruu nkyerɛ. Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛkɔ aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo bi nkyɛn akɔyɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛkɔ akyiri de ahu sɛ ebia wɔayɛ wo topaz no aduru anaa.

Nsonsonoe a wobɛda topaz ne simulants — aboɔden abo ahorow a ɛte sɛ topaz — ntam no yɛ mmerɛw kɛse.

Aboɔden abo a ɛte sɛ nea ɛte saa ara ne sɛnea wɔde toto topaz ho ni:

• Aquamarine : Beryl ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa; Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ bruu a efi awosu mu, a ne kɔla yɛ mmerɛw; Refractive index a ɛba fam; Cleavage biara nni hɔ; Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw (1.57-1.59) & density (2.65-2.85) a ɛba fam; Ne bo yɛ den kɛse

• Safir : Corundum ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa; Ɛyɛ den sen saa (9 wɔ Mohs nsenia so); Cleavage biara nni hɔ; Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse (1.757-1.779) & density (3.99-4.10); Ne bo yɛ den kɛse

• Citrine : Quartz ahorow ahorow; Ɛyɛ mmerɛw (7 wɔ Mohs nsenia so); Cleavage biara nni hɔ; Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw (1.54-1.55) & density (2.60-2.70) a ɛba fam; Pii pii abu so & ne bo nyɛ den

• Tourmaline : Boron a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no silicate; Kɔla ahorow a ɛtrɛw & pleochroism a emu yɛ den; Mpaapaemu a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee; Nneɛma a ɛba fam (2.82-3.32) .

• Zircon : Zirconium a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no silicate; Ɛyɛ mmerɛw (7.5 wɔ Mohs nsenia so); Mpaapaemu a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee; Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ kɛse (1.92-2.01) & density (4.60-4.70); Birefringence a ɛkorɔn (0.047-0.055) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Amerika Sika Topaz a ɛwɔ Smithsonian Tete Nneɛma Akorae a Ɛhwɛ Abɔde Ho Abakɔsɛm So, a wɔtwaa ho mfonini wɔ March 2011 | Mfonini no: Observer31 wɔ Borɔfo Wikipedia

So asinasin bi wɔ hɔ a agye din anaa ɛho hia a wɔde topaz aboɔden abo ayɛ?

Pɛpɛɛpɛ! Topaz aboɔden abo a wonim no yiye dodow no ara agye din wɔ ne kɛse anaa ne gyinabea wɔ ahemfo aboɔden abo mu — ɛtɔ mmere bi a abien no nyinaa.

Topaz abo a agye din a wonim no sɛ ɛsõ kɛse no bi ne:

1. El Dorado Topaz : Aboɔden abo a ɛso sen biara a ɛwɔ afã horow wɔ wiase, a emu duru yɛ carats 31,000 (13.67 lbs) bere a wɔatwa afi ahwehwɛ a emu duru yɛ 81.57-lb mu akyi

2. Lua de Maraba (Maraba Ɔsram) Topaz : Topaz a ɛto so abien a ɛso sen biara a ɛwɔ afã horow, a emu duru yɛ carat 25,250 (11.13 lbs) .

3. “American Golden” Topaz : Topaz a ɛto so abiɛsa a ɛso sen biara a ɛwɔ afã horow & ɛka wiase aboɔden abo akɛse ho, a emu duru yɛ 22,892.5 carats (10.09 lbs)

4. Brazil Princess Topaz : Topaz bruu a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛsõ sen biara, a emu duru yɛ carat 21,005 (9.26 lbs) .

Topaz aboɔden abo a ɛmaa nkurɔfo ani gyee ahemfo nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano no ho no bi ne:

• Braganza Topaz : Topaz a ɛnyɛ kɔla, a ne kɛse yɛ karat 1680 a kan no na wɔatwitwa na wɔde ahyɛ Portugal adehye abotiri mu, a kan no na wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ daimond; AKA “Braganza Diamond” anaa “Ɔheneba Regent Diamond” .

• St. Edward’s Crown : Sika kɔkɔɔ abotiri a ne kɛse yɛ 22K a wɔde aboɔden abo 444 ahyɛ mu — a topaz abo fitaa 37 ka ho — a wɔyɛ maa Ɔhene Charles II a ofi Scotland wɔ 1661 mu na wɔde dii dwuma maa Britaniafo abotiri fi saa bere no

• Russia Pink Topaz Demi-Parure : Topaz agude a ɛyɛ pink a wɔde kɔnmuade ne abɔso a wotumi dannan no asomuade anaasɛ pendants a wɔahyehyɛ; Ɔhemmaa Alexandra de maa ne babea Ɔhemmaa Panyin Maria Pavlovna a ofi Russia a mprempren ɔwɔ Sweden adehye abusua mu no

• Ɔhemmaa Camilla Pink Topaz ne Diamond Suite : Brooch ne asomuade a wɔde pink topaz ne accent diamonds ayɛ, a mfiase no wɔyɛɛ no ​​1830 mu na Britania Ɔhemmaa Camilla taa hyɛ wɔ pearl choker a ɛwɔ nhama anum mu

Ɛno yɛ nsukyenee bepɔw no ano kɛkɛ — wubetumi ahu topaz agude wɔ nnipa a wɔagye din te sɛ Florence Pugh, Dua Lipa, ne Catherine Middleton, Princess of Wales so.

Nanso, enhia sɛ woyɛ obi a wagye din anaa ɔhene na ama w’ani agye ɔbo no ho. Topaz ɔbo fɛfɛ bi wɔ hɔ ma obiara!

Topaz Bɛn na Ɛma Wo Tantalize?

Wɔabu topaz mfehaha pii, na yɛwɔ awerɛhyem sɛ saa su no rennyae nnansa yi ara. Saa aboɔden abo yi ne nea ɛsen biara a wɔde yɛ nneɛma pii, efi ne kɔla ahorow a enni ano so kosi sɛnea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛfata ma agude biara so.

Chile ɔman nanmusifo ne anwensɛm kyerɛwfo Pablo Neruda kaa no yiye sɛ: “Bere biara a wobɛka topaz no, ɛka wo. Ɛkanyan ogya brɛoo, te sɛ bobesa nyane wɔ bobe mu.”

Kɔtɔ topaz abo nnɛ!

Topaz