Strontianite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Strontianite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi a ɛtaa yɛ fitaa anaasɛ ɛyɛ ahabammono-kɔla a ɛyɛ hare. So strontianite yɛ ɔbotan anaa aboɔden abo? Ɛyɛ mineral na ɛyɛ kakraa bi a strontium wom no mu biako.

Sɛ́ aboɔden abo no, strontianite nyɛ nea ɛtaa ba koraa na ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔboaboa ano nkutoo na wonim no. Wonim ɔbo no yiye sɛ ɛyɛ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma.

Dɛn ne strontianite asekyerɛ? Wɔ metaphysics mu no, strontianite gyina hɔ ma kommyɛ, honhom fam nneɛma, ne kari pɛ.

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wubehu pii? Kɔka yɛn ho bere a yɛrehyɛ wo ma wɔ strontianite agyapade, ne bo, abakɔsɛm, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Strontianite nhwɛsode a wɔde sulfur | Mfonini no fi: Ra’ike, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Strontianite Ɔbo ho

Strontianite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wɔsan frɛ no:

• Stronthianite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Strontian na ɔkyerɛwee

• Strontianfoɔ a wɔfrɛ wɔn Spar

• Emmonsite na ɔkyerɛwee

Ebia wode strontianite ne strontium titanate bɛfrafra mu. Wɔsan frɛ no Fabulite, Marvelite, ne Diagem, strontium titanate yɛ ɔbo a wɔayɛ a wɔayɛ sɛ wɔde besuasua daimond . Bere a ɛntrɛwee saa mprempren no, na nkurɔfo ani gye saa ɔbo yi ho kɛse fi 1950 kosi 1970 mfe no mu.

Strontianite a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, dɛn na wɔde strontianite di dwuma? Nea edi kan koraa no, strontianite yɛ strontium fibea atitiriw abien no mu biako (ne celestite). Strontium wɔ abɔde mu nkutoo sɛ nneɛma afoforo a wɔde afrafra.

Nyansahufo betumi ayi strontium no afi abo yi mu denam hydrochloric acid a wɔde bɛyɛ strontium chloride a wɔde ka potassium chloride ho, nwene, na wɔde anyinam ahoɔden yɛ no so. Nea efi mu ba ne chlorine mframa ne strontium. Wobetumi nso anya strontium denam strontium oxide a wɔde aluminium bɛtew so.

Strontium ho hia na wɔde yɛ:

• Cell phone amansin board ahorow

• Ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ hyew

• Nnuru a wɔde sesa sẽ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Kokoram ayaresa a wɔde ma wɔ aduan mu (beta emitters) .

• Glaze a wɔde yɛ nkuku a wɔde yɛ dɔte

• “Glow-in-the-dark” plastic & paint ahorow a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Pyrotechnics te sɛ ogyaframa kɔkɔɔ & flare atuo

• Nnuru a wɔde sa nnompe mu yare & sẽ a ɛporɔw

• Magnet ahorow a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

Anigye nokwasɛm: mprempren atom bere kyerɛwtohɔ a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sen biara ne strontium atom dɔn, a ɛde strontium isotope a wɔfrɛ no strontium 87. Dɔn no yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ araa ma, ɛbɛhwere sekan 1 pɛ bɛyɛ mfe ɔpepepem 15 biara — sɛ yɛbɛka a, quartz dɔn dodow no ara hwere 1 nea ɛto so abien wɔ mfe 2 biara anaa nea ɛte saa mu.

Wɔde strontium carbonate pɔtee ayɛ cathode ray tube (CRT) ahwehwɛ, a kan no na wɔde di dwuma wɔ television ahorow mu de siw X-ray mframa a wɔtow gu no ano. Saa dwuma a wɔde di yi abɛyɛ nea ne bere atwam kakra esiane TV a ɛyɛ tratraa agye din nti.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Strontianite nhwɛsode a ɛwɔ bɔɔl a anyin, a ɛka bom ne nnade a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ | Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so, na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so bio

Strontianite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Dɛn na wɔde yɛ strontianite? Saa aboɔden abo yi yɛ strontium carbonate, enti strontianite nhyehyɛe ne SrCO3. Nanso, wobetumi de calcium asi strontium no mu ɔha biara mu nkyem 27 ananmu na wɔde barium asi ɔha biara mu nkyem 3.3 ananmu.

Calcium bi wɔ strontianite nhwɛsode dodow no ara mu, na wobetumi afrɛ strontianite a calcium wom “emmonite.” Calcium pii a ɛwɔ mu no ma strontianite dodow so tew, bere a efĩ a kɔbere anaa barium wom no ma strontianite no yɛ den.

Ɔbo no wɔ aragonite kuw a ɛyɛ orthorhombic carbonates a ɛwɔ aragonite , witherite , ne cerussite nkyɛn no mu . Strontianite ne aragonite (calcium carbonate) ne witherite (barium carbonate) yɛ ntoatoaso abien.

Strontianite ahwehwɛ betumi ayɛ prismatic, acicular (te sɛ ade), adum, anaasɛ pseudo-hexagonal. Wubehu horizontal striation wɔ crystal no prism anim. Ahwehwɛ pii nso yɛ teateaa ma ɛbɛyɛ fan anaasɛ nsu a wɔde petepete so. Bio nso, aboɔden abo no betumi aba sɛ adum, kurukuruwa, anaa nhama.

Twinning abu so kɛse wɔ strontianite mu. Dodow no ara yɛ mmanoma a wɔne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho, na mmanoma a wɔhyɛn mu no ho yɛ na nanso ebetumi aba. Strontianite mmanoma betumi ayɛ polysynthetic (a wɔde ahwehwɛ abiɛsa anaa anan a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ afra mpɛn pii), trillings (ahwehwɛ abiɛsa a enyin a ɛyɛ ahinanan), anaasɛ fourlings (ahwehwɛ anan a anyin wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho ntam).

Strontianite agyapade ahorow a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 3.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann, ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, bruu; Ebia wɔde kɔla ahorow ayɛ no

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ; Resinous wɔ breaks, srade wɔ fractures

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.52-1.67

• Nnipa dodow : 3.63-3.79; Ebia ɛsono sɛnea strontium a ɛwɔ mu no te

• Cleavage : Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {110} so, Ohia wɔ {021} so, Traces wɔ {010} so.

• Fracture : Subconchoidal anaasɛ ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ fluorescence wɔ hɔ bere nyinaa - ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-fitaa a ɛhyerɛn, fitaa, ngodua ahabammono, anaa bruu-ahabammono wɔ SW-UV & LW-UV mu; Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ phosphorescent; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ thermoluminescent; X-ray kɔla - a ɛyɛ fluorescent ne phosphorescent

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.090-0.150

• Apete : 0.008-0.028 (mmerɛw) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Aboɔden abo a ɛte sɛ nea ɛwɔ Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, wɔ Brussels (Belgium) | Mfonini no fi: Fernando Losada Rodríguez, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Strontianite Abakɔsɛm

Germanni oduruyɛfo Friedrich Gabriel Sulzer tintim strontianite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1791 mu . Bere a ɛda adi pefee sɛ wɔde baabi a wodii kan huu aboɔden abo no din (Strontian, Scotland) no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee sɛ hena na ɔpaw din no wɔ aban kwan so.

Wɔ 1787 mu no, Irelandni nnuruyɛfo Adair Crawford huu ɔbo bi a ɛyɛ soronko wɔ Strontian. (Sɛ yɛbɛka nsɛm a ɛfa ho a, witherite nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan no yɛ 1784). Crawford de witherite frafra hydrochloric acid mu, nanso nea efii mu bae a ɛyɛ nwonwa no maa osusuwii sɛ aboɔden abo foforo bi wɔ witherite no mu. Ɔtoo aboɔden abo no din “strontia.”

Wɔ 1791 mu no, Scotlandni nnuruyɛfo Thomas Charles Hope huu strontium fii strontianite aboɔden abo mu wɔ aban kwan so bere a ohui sɛ strontium no yɛɛ kɔkɔɔ wɔ ogyaframa ase no. Engiresini nnuruyɛfo Sir Humphry Davy nam anyinam ahoɔden a wɔde yiyi strontium mu yiye wɔ 1808 mu.

Nanso, nsɛm pii kyerɛ sɛ edin “strontianite” no fi Sulzer hɔ wɔ 1791. Wɔ asɛm no mu no, Germanni oduruyɛfo Johann Friedrich Blumenbach de krataa bi a efi Sulzer hɔ a adanse a ɛkyerɛ sɛ strontianite yɛ soronko wɔ witherite ho na ade foforo a wɔfrɛ no strontium wom no ma.

Wɔ 1849 mu no, Fransefo nnuruyɛfo Hippolyte Leplay ne Augustin-Pierre Dubrunfaut fii ase de strontianite dii dwuma sen sɛ wɔde barium oxide bedi dwuma de yii asikre fii asikre a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no molasses mu.

Germanni nnuruyɛfo Carl Scheibler siesiee ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no (no pun intended) de dii dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu, na ɛmaa strontianite a wotu no nyaa nkɔanim kɛse. Wɔbɛfrɛɛ ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ no sɛ “ Strontian process .”

Nanso asikre bo a ɛkɔɔ fam kɛse ne nea wɔde si strontium (celessite) ananmu a ne bo nyɛ den no maa strontianite a wɔhwehwɛ no so tew wɔ 1883 mu na Strontian kwan no bɛyɛɛ nea ne bere atwam.

Strontianite Crystal Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa sa yare a enni kɔla no , nea strontianite kyerɛ no da sɛnea aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo tew ho na ɛbɔ ho ban no adi .

Afoforo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ strontianite metaphysical su ahorow no bi ne sɛ ɛyɛ crown chakra stone , ɛboa ma calcium twetwe, na ɛma adwene mu da hɔ.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Jackstraw berebuw a strontianite ahwehwɛ ayɛ | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Strontianite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Wɔ nea ɛho yɛ na akyi no, wogyina ne kɔla, sɛnea wɔatwitwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne emu duru a ɛyɛ carat so bu strontianite aboɔden abo no sɛ ɛsom bo.

Ahosuo

Strontianite pii yɛ fitaa anaasɛ enni kɔla, na sɛ kɔla no ho tew a, ebia ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ anigye kakra. Ɔbo no nso betumi ayɛ fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ, anaa bruu. Kɔla ahorow no taa yɛ mmerɛw na ahwehwɛ binom wɔ kɔla-zoning a ɛda hɔ gyina hɔ.

Twa

Strontianites a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na, na sɛ wɔde ka wɔn a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ho a, ɛkyerɛ sɛ strontianites biara a wɔatwa no som bo yiye. Nanso, ade biako a enye wɔ faceted strontianites ho ne sɛ birefringence a ɛkɔ soro no ma facet mmɔho abien na ɛtew sparkle so.

Wɔtɔn strontianite dodow no ara sɛ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa). Wɔde ebinom to fam, wodi adwini, anaa wotwitwa mu yɛ no cabochons , a mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ nhwɛsode ahorow a wɔde aboɔden abo afoforo te sɛ aragonite afra.

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ yɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo bi ho, a ebetumi aka sɛnea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu no nyɛ nea ɛho hia kɛse wɔ strontianite bo ho, nanso ebetumi aka sɛnea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ. Abo pii wɔ nsu a ɛka ho.

Mpɛn pii no, nea ɛda adi kɛse no kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse. Ebia strontianites a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse nso bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den.

Mpɛn pii no strontianite yɛ ade a wɔde ka fluorite ho .

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Strontianite aboɔden abo dodow no ara a ɛwɔ afã horow no yɛ nketenkete, na aguadi mu nneɛma akɛse a wɔpaw no taa bɛyɛ carat 2-4.

Titiriw no, nhwɛsode akɛse a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a sintɔ kakraa bi na ɛwɔ mu no betumi ahyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nneɛma bo nkɔ soro.

Mfonini no fi: Chris857, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Strontianite Nkyekyɛmu & Nneɛma a Ɛfiri Hɔ

Strontianite yɛ nsu mu hyew a ɛnyɛ hyew, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛba bere a nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a nneɛma a apete wom (wɔ eyi mu no, strontium ne carbon) kɔhyɛ abura anaa ntini a ɛwɔ abotan mu mu no. Nsu no yɛ nwini, na nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu no yɛ ahwehwɛ, ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wɔ nhyɛso a ɛba fam ne ɔhyew a ɛba fam koraa mu.

Mpɛn pii no, wohu ɔbo no wɔ ntini a ɛyɛ limestone, chalk, carbonatites, ne marl mu, ne abotan a ɛyɛ abotan a ɛwɔ abotan mu ne dade ntini a ɛntaa mma sɛ nsu mu hyew wom. Ɛsan nso ba sɛ geodes anaa concretions. Strontianite betumi asesa ayɛ celestite, nanso celestite nso betumi asesa ayɛ strontianite.

Wɔn a wɔtaa bɔ fekuw ne:

• Celestite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Barite a wɔfrɛ no Barite

• Calcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Sulfur a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Harmotome a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wubetumi anya strontianite? Facetable crystal dodow no ara fi Germany ne Austria. Strontianite fibea afoforo a ɛho hia ne:

• Canada

• India

• Italy

• Mexico

• Russia

• UK (Scotland & England) .

• U.S.A. (California, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Washington) Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so, na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so bio.

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wobɛtɔ nneɛma? Afei momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma bo a yɛbɛhwɛ kwan.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Strontianite ne sulfur crystal nhwɛsode | Mfonini no fi: © Raimond Spekking / CC BY-SA 4.0 (ɛnam Wikimedia Commons so)

Strontianite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛho yɛ na no, strontianite abo bo yɛ den, na emu pii yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den. Wɔ strontianite aboɔden abo kakraa bi a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛwɔ hɔ no mu no, ebi bo yɛ dɔla 25 wɔ carat biara ho.

Strontianite a ɛyɛ den no bo yɛ nea ɛtrɛw sen biara. Wɔde nhwɛsode pii ne aboɔden abo te sɛ fluorite anaa celestite bom.

Strontianite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ne bo yɛ den sen biara no bɛyɛ dɔla 300 kosi 1,000, na nea ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde yɛ no du dɔla 4,500. Nanso, wobetumi anya strontianite ahwehwɛ pii a emu biara yɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 10 kosi 50.

Strontianite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan no, so strontianite yɛ awuduru ? Ɔbo no nni awuduru a ɛba fam esiane strontium a ɛwɔ mu nti. Kwati sɛ wobɛhome anaasɛ wobɛwe strontianite mfutuma anaa nneɛma nketenkete pii kɛkɛ, na hohoro wo nsa bere a woadi ɔbo no ho dwuma awie sɛ wɔantwa a.

In terms of gemstone care , ma strontianite ntwe ne ho mfi hydrochloric acid ne mfiri a wɔde tew nneɛma ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, ultrasonic anaa steam cleaners).

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a samina wom ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw siesie ɔbo no.

Wote nka denneennen wɔ Strontianite ho?

Ebia wonim strontianite a ɛyɛ abohene a wɔntaa nhu a wɔboaboa ano no yiye sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu, nanso ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no yɛ ade a ɛma obi dwo, ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔde ka ahunmu anaa aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu a wɔaboaboa ano biara ho.

Kɔtɔ strontianite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ fɛ nnɛ!