Stolzite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Stolzite yɛ tungstate aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ scheelite abusua no mu. Ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wonnim no pii a wɔtaa hu wɔ bruu ne kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ bruu ne kɔkɔɔ mu, na wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no nim no kɛse.

So stolzite ho yɛ na? Sɛ́ aboɔden abo no, stolzite ho yɛ na koraa. Ɛho yɛ na sen ne yɔnko scheelite kuw no muni wulfenite. Te sɛ kuw no mufo nyinaa gye scheelite no, wɔntaa ntwitwa stolzite sɛ aboɔden abo.

Nanso, stolzite wɔ ahwehwɛ su ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ!

Yɛbɛkɔ saa agyapadeɛ no nyinaa ne nea ɛkeka ho so nnɛ, berɛ a yɛde yɛn mfeɛ pii suahunu wɔ aboɔden aboɔ afuo mu no di dwuma de akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri a ɛfa stolzite su, dwumadie, ne boɔ, ne abakɔsɛm ho brɛ wo.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Stolzite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛte sɛ caramel a ɛyɛ hann a ɛda limonite matrix a efi Broken Hill, Australia | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Stolzite Ɔbo ho asɛm

Stolzite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wɔdɔ no wɔ caramel kɔla a ɛyɛ dɛ mu. Ɛte sɛ wulfenite , na ɛwɔ wulfenite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ no pii, te sɛ:

• Osutɔbere mu kɔla ahorow

• Ɛtɔ da bi a, ɛhyerɛn te sɛ diamond

• Refractive index a ɛkorɔn (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛhyerɛn kɛse) .

Wɔ aboɔden abo ahemman no akyi no, stolzite nso te sɛ wulfenite wɔ ne mfiridwuma mu.

Enti, dɛn na wɔde stolzite di dwuma?

Stolzite a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Stolzite su a ɛho hia sen biara wɔ mfiridwuma mu ne tungstate ne kɔbere a ɛwɔ mu. Sɛ wofi kan no so a, wɔde stolzite yɛ tungsten dade .

Nneɛma atitiriw bi a wɔde tungsten di dwuma ne:

• Ɛlektrik nhama

• Ɛlektrode ahorow

• Kanea a wɔde yɛ kanea nhama

• Cathode ray nsukorabea ahorow

• Dade a emu yɛ duru a wɔde afrafra

• Nneɛma a wɔde afrafra a ɛboro so

Tungsten dade a emu yɛ duru a wɔde afrafra a ɛho hia ho nhwɛso biako ne dade a ɛde mmirika kɛse (HSS anaa HS), ade a wɔde yɛ nnwinnade a ano yɛ den a wɔde twa nneɛma te sɛ power-saws, bowl gouges, drill bits, ne skew chisels.

Mfiridwuma a ɛma ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro kɛse no gyina superalloys so, na wɔtaa de tungsten superalloys yɛ nneɛma a wɔde kata so anaasɛ gas turbines a ɛmma ɛnsɛe na ɛnyɛ hyew.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Tungsten ahwehwɛ a enyin wɔ halogen bɔlɔb mu | Mfonini no fi: Cccucumber, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Tungsten ahwehwɛ a anyin wɔ halogen bulb mu

Nea ɛto so abien no, stolzite ho hia sɛ kɔbere tungstate ahwehwɛ.

Kɔbere tungstate ahwehwɛ yɛ scintillators akɛse. Scintillators betumi adan mframa a ahoɔden wom kɛse (te sɛ X-ray anaa gamma-ray) ayɛ no hann a wotumi hu (luminescence) bere a mframa a ɛma ionizing kanyan wɔn no.

Nneɛma a wɔde di dwuma ma saa scintillators yi bi ne:

• Aduruyɛ mu nneɛma a wɔde hu yare (sɛ nhwɛso no, nuklea mfoninitwa, CT scans) .

• Asraafo mfiri a wɔde hu mframa a ano yɛ den

• X-ray ahobammɔ

• Nneɛma a wɔde hu nneɛma nketenkete (sɛ nhwɛso no, ALICE & CMS sɔhwɛ ahorow) .

Nyansahufo ayɛ stolzite a wɔde ayɛ nneɛma a wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu, nanso wonhuu stolzite a wɔayɛ biara wɔ aboɔden abo gua so.

Stolzite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ lead tungstate mineral no, stolzite a wɔde yɛ no ne PbWO4. Molybdenum yɛ efĩ a ɛtaa ba, na ɛyɛ molybdenian stolzite ahorow no, sɛnea stolzite ne wulfenite no yɛ ntoatoaso no.

Wɔ nsɛm a ɛtoatoa so no mu no, stolzite ne awiei a ɛwɔ tungsten, bere a wulfenite ne awiei a ɛwɔ molybdenum.

Stolzite ne wulfenite nyinaa wɔ scheelite kuw no mu . Aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛwɔ kuw no mu ne powellite , raspite, ronpetersonite, ne nokwarem no, scheelite .

Raspite ne stolzite yɛ dimorphous ankasa — wɔwɔ formula koro, nanso raspite yɛ monoclinic.

In terms of habits , stolzite crystals betumi ayɛ thick & tabular, dipyramidal, anaasɛ pyramidal foforo bi. Ahwehwɛ nso betumi ayɛ tabular ne dipyramidal.

Bio nso, striation abu so wɔ stolzite crystals so — prism anim taa nya striations a ɛkɔ soro, bere a pyramidal anim no betumi anya striations a ɛne anoano no di nsɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ diagonal.

Stolzite agyapade a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 2.5-3

• Kɔla : Bruu, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, beige, tan, kɔkɔɔ-kɔkɔɔ, sare-kɔla, lemon-kɔla, borɔdɔma-kɔla, kɔkɔɔ-akuturuku, wusiw-akuturuku, fitaa-biribiri; Ɛntaa mma sɛ ɛyɛ borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ, anaa ahabammono

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Tetragonal

• Luster : Ɛyɛ resin anaasɛ ɛyɛ sub-adamantine

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee; Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi wɔ asinasin a ɛyɛ tratraa nkutoo mu

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 2.18-2.27

• Nnipa dodow : 7.90-8.34

• Cleavage : Ɛnyɛ pɛ/ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ {001} & ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee wɔ {011} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Ɛtɔ da bi a fluorescence - kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn kosi kɔkɔɔ-akutu wɔ LW-UV & lemon-kɔla wɔ SW-UV mu

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.080-0.090

• Dispersion : Wɔmmɔ amanneɛ

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Nsɛm a wɔakyerɛw wɔ 1835 mu a ɛbata stolzite (ansa na wɔrehu stolzite) ahwehwɛ a efi Bohemia | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Stolzite Abakɔsɛm

Austriani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Wilhelm Karl Ritter von Haidinger paw edin “stolzite” wɔ ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu a ɔde mae wɔ aboɔden abo no ho wɔ 1845 mu de hyɛɛ Bohemia (Czech) oduruyɛfo & aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano Johann Anton Stolz anuonyam.

Stolz de Haidinger stolzite nhwɛsode ahorow mae sɛ wɔmfa nhwehwɛ mu, na Stolz hui wɔ abakɔsɛm mu Zinnwald-Cínovec beae a wotu fagude wɔ Ore Mmepɔw so, a mprempren ɛyɛ type locality no.

Nanso, Haidinger ankyerɛw stolzite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan no.

Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Johann Friedrich August Breithaupt dii kan kaa tungstate a ɛwɔ kɔbere no ho asɛm wɔ 1820. Ɔfrɛɛ no ​​“ Scheel-Bleispath ,” a mprempren ɛyɛ German asɛmfua a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Wɔ 1832 mu no, Franseni aboɔden abo ho nimdefo & asase ho nimdefo François Sulpice Beudant kyerɛw ɔbo no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu foforo, na ɔfrɛɛ no ​​“ Scheeltine ” — mprempren Fransefo asɛmfua a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Stolzite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛsa yare no , stolzite wɔ anigye ne ahoɔden a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ afoforo , ne sɛ ɛyɛ owia plexus chakra ɔbo .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ na wɔasa nipadua mu yare no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo kamfo stolzite kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Nkwammoaa mu nneɛma a ɛsakra

• Ɔbarima ne ɔbea nna ho akɔnnɔ

• Akyi berɛmo

• Aduannuru a wɔtwetwe

• Nnuan a wɔyam

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, wogye di sɛ stolzite ahwehwɛ no:

• Ma adebɔ ho nimdeɛ nkɔ anim

• Dispel negativity, emu & akyi

• Ma w’adwene mu tew

• Hyɛ den ma wotumi gyina tebea horow ano

• Dwudwo abufuw ano

• Ma nea ɛkanyan obi no nkɔ soro

Kɔkɔbɔ: MMFA crystal elixirs a wɔde stolzite ahyɛ mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Stolzite ahwehwɛ kɛse a ɛyɛ tan kosi fitaa a efi Darwin Mantam mu wɔ California; Bob Byers Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Stolzite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛho yɛ na da nkyɛn a, stolzite aboɔden abo bo nso gyina kɔla, nea wɔatwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ/ɛda adi, ne carat mu duru so.

Ahosuo

Stolzite wɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu pii, na ɛwɔ kɔla kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono bi a wɔntaa nhu, nso.

Stolzite kɔla a eye sen biara no yɛ nea ɛyɛ ma na ɛyɛ pɛ. Mpɛn pii no, caramel, orange, anaa peach a ɛyɛ hyew no som bo kɛse.

Twa

Stolzite brɛoo ne nea ɛntaa nsi no ma ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wobɛba faceted stolzites... na ɛsom bo kɛse.

Mpɛn pii no, stolzite a wɔtɔn no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Clarity kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo mu, a ebetumi ama nea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo so atew. Stolzite pii kura nneɛma a wɔde ka ho, te sɛ:

• Mununkum fitaa

• Nsu a ɛwɔ crystallizing gaps mu

• Efĩ fã (sɛ nhwɛso no, grossular garnet , quartz) .

Stolzite ntaa nyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee, na ɛma diaphaneity a ɛyɛ hann anaa nea ɛkorɔn biara som bo kɛse.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Stolzite ahwehwɛ dodow no ara yɛ nketewa koraa, na wobu nea ɛboro mm 2 biara sɛ ɛyɛ kɛse. Nanso, nneɛma kakraa bi wɔ hɔ a ɛsono.

• Australia – ɛkɔsi nsateakwaa 1 & facetable

• Sainte-Lucie mine a ɛwɔ France – ne tenten bɛyɛ sɛntimita 5, wɔtaa bu no sɛ eye sen biara wɔ wiase

• Tsumeb, Namibia – ɛkɔ soro kodu sɛntimita 3, wɔsan bu no sɛ “wiase nyinaa mu nea eye sen biara” .

Nanso esiane sɛ nhwɛsode dodow no ara da so ara sua nti, mpɛn pii no, ne kɛse ne ade a ɛho hia sen biara a ɛma stolzite bo yɛ den.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Stolzite ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ matrix so a efi Darwin Mantam mu wɔ California, U.S.A. | Mfonini no fi: Kelly Nash, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Stolzite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Stolzite ne raspite nkutoo ne abɔde mu aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔbere tungstate mu. Stolzite yɛ nea ɛto so abien, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛba bere a abɔnten tumi bi — ha, oxidation — sesa minerals titiriw — mpɛn pii no kɔbere sulfides, kɔbere sulfosalts, anaa molybdenite.

Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔtaa hu stolzite aboɔden abo wɔ mmeae a oxidized wɔ a nsu mu hyew, tungsten-a ɛwɔ kɔbere akorae.

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu stolzite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Mpɔtam pii na wonya stolzite, nanso kakraa bi pɛ na ɛda nsow. Stolzite ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara no fi Broken Hill (Australia), Tsumeb (Namibia), ne Sainte-Lucie a wotu fam (France).

Stolzite fibea afoforo a ɛda nsow ne:

• Brazil

• Czech Republic na ɛwɔ hɔ

• England, UK, na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Germany

• Nigeria

• Sardinia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• U.S.A. (Arizona, California Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Utah) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Stolzite ahwehwɛ a ano yɛ nnam na ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a raspite ahwehwɛ wɔ nhwɛsode no so a wɔabɛn; Rice Northwest Tete Nneɛma Akorae Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Stolzite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wɔtɔn stolzite nyinaa sɛ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, a ɛsono ne bo kɛse.

Wɔ awiei a ɛkorɔn no, ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛwɔ caramel kɔla a ɛyɛ ma na ɛhyerɛn te sɛ daimond wɔ hɔ. Eyinom taa fi France na ne bo bɛyɛ dɔla 200 kosi 1,200.

Stolzite ahwehwɛ nketewa a efi Sainte-Lucie a wotu fam anaa Australia a wɔde kɔla a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi borɔdɔma ayɛ no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 120 kosi 170.

Stolzite ahwehwɛ nketenkete a ɛyɛ fitaa, borɔdɔma, anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 30 kosi 75.

Stolzite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan koraa no, ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu sɛ stolzite wɔ awuduru ho asiane kɛse esiane kɔbere ne tungsten a ɛwɔ mu nti. Sɛ woredi ho dwuma kɛkɛ nanso, mma ɛnhaw wo dodo — ingestion ne inhalation ne akwan a awuduru wom.

Ɛyɛ asiane kɛse ma lapidarists (jem cutters), nanso ɛho hia sɛ wɔkwati sɛ wobɛtwetwe stolzite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no, efisɛ sɛ wohome nneɛma nketenkete a efi mu ba a, enye.

Bio nso, ma stolzite ntwe mfi obiara a ɔde bɛhyɛ wɔn anom (sɛ nhwɛso no mmofra anaa afieboa) ho na hohoro wo nsa bere a woadi ho dwuma awie no.

Onto aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so . Stolzite ntumi nyɛ den koraa, enti yɛnkamfo nhyɛ sɛ wɔmfa nhyɛ agude mu. Fa sie akyirikyiri fi aboɔden abo afoforo ho na amma ansɛe.

Afei nso, ma ɛntwe ne ho mfi acid ho, titiriw hydrochloric acid.

Wontumi Nnyae Stolzite Abo a Wobɛhwɛ no?

Stolzite yɛ kɔbere tungstate aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi a ɛwɔ osutɔbere mu kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ. Ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse ma nnwuma ahorow nko, na mmom ɛyɛ ademude a ɛhyerɛn a ɛwɔ hues a ɛma nneɛma pa — a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano biara!

Kɔtɔ stolzite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ nwonwa nnɛ!