Sanidine Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Sanidine yɛ feldspar aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛyɛ hann a ɛtaa yɛ nea enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ fitaa nanso ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ anaa bruu. Ɔbo no ne aboɔden abo amazonite ne orthoclase wɔ abusuabɔ.

So sanidine yɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu? Yep, mineral no ho yɛ na koraa na aboɔden abo nneɛma ho yɛ na koraa. Ebia eyi bɛyɛ nwonwa bere a yesusuw sɛ feldspars ne aboɔden abo a ɛdɔɔso sen biara wɔ Asase so na ɛyɛ bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 60 wɔ asase no so (Asase ani).

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wubesua pii afa feldspar sanidine a wɔntaa nhu no ho? Yɛbɛhyɛ wo ma wɔ sanidine agyapadeɛ, ne boɔ, mfasoɔ, ne abakɔsɛm ho.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Sanidine Stone ho asɛm

Wobetumi de sanidine adi dwuma sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi , a wɔde din afoforo a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Feldspar a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ

• Rhyacolite / Riacolite a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

• Gränzerite a wɔde di dwuma

Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubedi mfomso aka sɛ sanidine yɛ orthoclase . Nanso nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda sanidine ne orthoclase ntam?

Wɔn baanu nyinaa yɛ feldspar aboɔden abo a ɛte sɛ wɔn ho wɔn ho, nanso wobetumi ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda wɔn ntam denam sɛnea wɔhyehyɛe, wɔn ani hwɛbea (2V), ne sɛnea ɛda adi no so.

1. Nneɛma a wɔyɛ : Sanidine ba wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu na orthoclase ba wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu, na ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔahyehyɛ no nnidiso nnidiso kɛse sɛ wɔde toto sanidine ahwehwɛ a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe ho a.

2. Optic Angle : Sanidine ne orthoclase fã a ɛyɛ tratraa bɛda no adi sɛ orthoclase wɔ optic angle a ɛkorɔn (2V a ɛyɛ 65-75) sen sanidine (2V a ɛyɛ 18-63).

3. Nneɛma a ɛda adi : Mpɛn pii no, abien no nyinaa nni kɔla kosi fitaa, nanso orthoclase taa yɛ mununkum bere a sanidine taa yɛ nea emu da hɔ.

Hyɛ no nsow: Ebia ebehia sɛ wuhu sanidine wɔ afiri a wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mu na ama woatumi ahu nsonsonoe ahorow yi.

Sanidine a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Ɛwom sɛ sanidine ho yɛ na dodo sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu pii de, nanso wobetumi de adi dwuma de ayɛ radiometric dating. Radiometric dating hwehwɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ radioactive isotopes a ɛwɔ nneɛma te sɛ abotan anaa carbon mu mu de hu mfe dodow a adi.

Wɔ U.S. atɔe fam no, sanidine phenocrysts (ahwehwɛ akɛse a wotumi hu) a ɛwɔ rhyolite nsõ mpa mu no boa ma wohu bere a nsõ mpa no te. Saa radiometric dating pɔtee yi ne K-Ar dating kwan anaa potassium-argon dating, a ɛkyerɛ sɛnea potassium a ɛwɔ radioactive ne radioactive argon ntam no yɛ pɛ.

Nanso wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sanidine? Nea edi kan no, ebehia sɛ wuhu sɛnea ɛwɔ mineral ahorow no yiye.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Sanidine ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no abien (Carlsbad ne Baveno mmanoma a wɔaka abom)

Sanidine Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Wobetumi akyerɛw sanidine aduru no sɛ K(AlSi3O8) anaa (K,Na) (AlSi3O8), efisɛ mpɛn pii no, sodium bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 (nanso ebetumi ayɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 62) na ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu. Efĩ a ɛtaa ba ne dade, calcium, sodium, ne nsu.

Feldspar kuw no yɛ aluminium tectosilicates a ɛwɔ akuw atitiriw abien: plagioclase (sodium-calcium) ne alkali (potassium-sodium).

Sanidine hyɛ alkali kuw no ase, titiriw K-feldspar alkali kuw ketewa kɛse a ɛka orthoclase ne microcline ho no.

Aboɔden abo abiɛsa no yɛ polymorphous (nneɛma koro, ɛsono ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe). Microline yɛ triclinic bere a sanidine ne orthoclase yɛ monoclinic. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobu sanidine sɛ ɛyɛ orthoclase ahorow.

Wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu no, sanidine yɛ ntoatoaso a albite (anaasɛ “analbite”) pii wom.

Petrologist kyekyɛ K-feldspar ntamgyinafo ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 kosi 36 wɔ saa ntoatoaso yi mu sɛ anorthoclase na K-feldspar ɔha biara mu nkyem 36 kosi 100 wɔ ntoatoaso no mu sɛ sanidine. Nanso nyansahufo afoforo agyae asɛmfua “anorthoclase” a wɔde di dwuma no, na sɛ sodium dɔɔso sen potassium a, wɔpaw “albite” na sɛ potassium dɔɔso sen sodium a, wɔpaw “sanidine”.

Sanidine Crystal Suban a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Sanidine ahwehwɛ betumi ayɛ tabular, acicular (te sɛ needle), anaasɛ prismatic. Ahwehwɛ dodow no ara yɛ petee denam prism a ebetumi ayɛ lamellar (nneɛma a wɔahyɛ no ma denneennen) anaasɛ atenten ne parallelepipedal (parallelogram anim).

Te sɛ feldspar dodow no ara no, sanidine ahwehwɛ taa da mmanoma adi.

Sanidine a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne Carlsbad (anaa Karlsbad) , ɔkwan bi a wɔfa so hyɛn mu a ahwehwɛ abien a anyin wɔ wɔn ho wɔn ho mu te sɛ nea ɛrenyin wɔ akwan horow a ɛne ne ho bɔ abira so.

Ahorow abien a wɔntaa nhu ne Baveno ne Manebach twinning. Baveno type yɛ contact twinning kwan bi wɔ {021} plane no so, bere a Manebach twinning kɔ so wɔ {001} plane no so. Nea efi mu ba wɔ nsɛm abien no nyinaa mu ne ahwehwɛ ahorow a ɛwɔ notches ne ahwehwɛ plane biako a ɛda nsow (anaasɛ “symmetry plane”).

Sanidine ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ pɛ a ɛyɛ abien no ho yɛ na na wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no binom hwehwɛ.

Sanidine nneɛma a wɔakyerɛw nyinaa ni:

• Mohs denden : 6-6.5

• Kɔla : Kɔla nnim, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, bruu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ); Pearly wɔ cleavage so

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.516-1.531

• Nnipa dodow : 2.52-2.62

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {001} so, Ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {010} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ɛyɛ conchoidal, anaasɛ ɛyɛ mpaapaemu; Paapaemu a ɛtaa ba wɔ {100} so.

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Ɛtɔ da bi a fluorescence (mpɛn pii no Madagascar nhwɛsode) - kɔkɔɔ-akuturuku a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ LW-UV & SW-UV mu

• Pleochroism : Ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea wontumi nhu

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.003-0.007

• Apete : 0.012 (mmerɛw) .

• Aniwa mu adeyɛ : Adularescence (ɛho yɛ na) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Azulicite crystal | Mfonini no fi Didier Descouens, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Sanidine Ahorow ahorow

Sanidine wɔ mineral ahorow abien, subtypes abien a egyina efĩ so, ne aboɔden abo ahorow abien.

Sanidine mineral ahorow abien no ne:

• High Sanidine : Ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro; Ebia ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den sen 800°C

• Sanidine a ɛba fam : Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛba fam; Ebia ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ den wɔ 650°C ne 800°C ntam

Subtypes a egyina efĩ so ne:

• Barium-Sanidine : Barium oxide (BaO) ɔha biara mu nkyem 5 na ɛwom .

• Ferrisanidine : Dade a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ a ɛwɔ nsusuwii K(Fe3+Si3O8) .

Nea etwa to no, aboɔden abo ahorow no ne:

• Azulicite : Ɛyɛ bruu, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na ɛyɛ iridescent ahorow

• Citron Feldspar : Wɔde din a wɔde frɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo te sɛ nea efi Madagascar no

Aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom bu adularescent sanidine abo sɛ ɔsram abo bi, ɛwom sɛ dodow no ara kyekyɛ ɔsram abo mu wɔ orthoclase anaa oligoclase ase de.

Bio nso, sanidine taa wɔ rhyolite abotan comendite (wɔ quartz ne albite nkyɛn) ne pantellerite mu a wotumi hu.

Honhom fam no, dɛn na ahwehwɛ sanidine no kyerɛ?

Sanidine Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Sɛ́ feldspar aboɔden abo no, sanidine fi awosu mu yɛ adebɔ, ne ho a obi hu, ne nea ɔda ne ho adi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Ankorankoro mu no, sanidine gyina hɔ ma sɛnea wotumi gyina tebea horow ano, sɛnea wogye wɔn ho tom, ne hann.

Edin “sanidine” no fi Hela asɛmfua sanis , a ɛkyerɛ “prɛte ketewa” anaa “abopon,” ne idos , a ɛkyerɛ “hu” anaa “wobepue.” Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Karl Wilhelm Nose paw din no wɔ 1808 mu, na ɔtwee adwene sii sanidine ahwehwɛ a ɛtaa yɛ tratraa a ɛte sɛ nkyerɛwde so no so.

Sanidine type locality ne Drachenfels koko a ɛyɛ anansesɛm wɔ Germany no. Ɛyɛ anansesɛm ma anansesɛm pii a ɛfa ɔtweaseɛ ho a atwa mpɔtam hɔ ho ahyia — ne nyinaa akyi no, Drachenfels yɛ German kasa mu asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “Ɔtweaseɛ Ɔbotan.”

Germanni nnuruyɛfo Martin Heinrich Klaproth tintim nhwehwɛmu a edi kan a wɔyɛe wɔ sanidine nhwɛsode ahorow a efi saa beae yi ho no bi wɔ 1810 mu.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Sanidine Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛsa yare a enni kɔla titiriw no , sanidine de aboɔden abo a enni kɔla ahotew ne ahotew ma . Wobetumi de sanidine kɔkɔɔ adi dwuma sɛ owia plexus chakra ɔbo .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nipadua mu no, wogye di sɛ sanidine boa ma wɔsa nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Ɛyaw a ɛba brayɛ mu

• Nneɛma a ɛkyinkyini

• Ntini a ɛma nipadua no yɛ adwuma

• Nyarewa a wɔde nyarewa ba

• Honam ani nsɛm te sɛ abufuw anaasɛ akisikuru

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wogye di sɛ wɔ nkate fam no, sanidine brɛ awerɛhow, dadwen, ne abasamtu nkate ase. Crystal ayaresafo kamfo kyerɛ wɔn a wɔrepere sɛ wɔbɛka wɔn nkate ho asɛm anaa obiara a ɔpɛ sɛ ɔyɛ komm na ɔwɔ ahotoso kɛse no.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Faceted azulicite (sanidine ahorow) aboɔden abo | Mfonini no fi Didier Descouens, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Sanidine Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛho yɛ na koraa da nkyɛn a, sanidine aboɔden abo bo gyina kɔla, sɛnea wɔatwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne carat mu duru so. Wɔnnim ayaresa anaa aboɔden abo a wɔde sanidine ayɛ biara nni hɔ.

Ahosuo

Sanidine kɔla a wɔtaa de di dwuma no yɛ fitaa kosi nea enni kɔla, enti ebia kɔla kɔkɔɔ bɛyɛ nea wɔpɛ kɛse, nanso ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa. Germany, Mexico, ne Madagascar ayɛ sanidine aboɔden abo a enni kɔla, kɔkɔɔ, ne bruu a ɛyɛ hare.

Twa

Wɔntaa nhu sanidine ahwehwɛ wɔ akɛse a ɛbɛma wɔayɛ facet, enti faceted options ho yɛ na koraa na ɛsom bo. Wobetumi atwitwa nhwɛsode ahorow bi ayɛ no cabochons , nhwiren, anaasɛ wɔatɔn no mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ, sɛnea nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu , betumi aka sanidine a ɛda adi pefee no. Nhumu a ɛkorɔn kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo a ɛkorɔn.

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔahu sɛ sanidine ka aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo te sɛ safir ne daimond ho .

Nneɛma a wɔde aka sanidine phenocrysts ne megacrystals a wɔtow fi ogya mmepɔw mu mu nso aboa nyansahufo ma wɔate nea na ɛrekɔ so wɔ ogya mmepɔw no mu ansa na ɛrepae ne bere a ɛrepae no ase. Nea ɛka nneɛma a wɔde kaa ho yi ho ne barium, glass , ne fluid phase bubbles.

Carat Mu duru

Sanidine ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɛse te sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na. Aboɔden abo akɛse dodow no ara fi Madagascar ne Germany. Aboɔden abo soronko biako a ɛwɔ afã horow a efi Germany (Eduard Gübelin Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano no fã) no bɛyɛ sɛ karat 30!

Sanidine Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Sanidine fi ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro a ɛyɛ nwini ntɛmntɛm mu yɛ ahwehwɛ. Sɛ lava no dwo nkakrankakra a, orthoclase na ɛba. Bere a sanidine a ɛba fam ne nea ɛkɔ soro ba wɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro 650°C mu no, ɔhyew a ɛba fam sen saa no ma wonya orthoclase ne microcline. Sanidine nso tumi san de nkakrankakra yɛ orthoclase wɔ asase ho nimdeɛ bere tenten mu.

Ɔbo bɛn na wohu sanidine wɔ mu? Wohu wɔ ogya bepɔw mu nsu a ɛtɔ anaa ogya bepɔw mu abotan a acid wom te sɛ rhyolite, dacite, lamproite, buchites, obsidian , ne trachyte mu.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Sanidine aboɔden abo nneɛma fi:

• Germany

• Madagascar

• Myanmar na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Sri Lanka na ɛwɔ hɔ

• U.S.A. (California, Colorado, Idaho, Oregon) na ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ.

Sanidine bo yɛ ahe?

Sanidine Bo & Ne Bo

Sanidine aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow wɔ Intanɛt so no betumi afi dɔla 10 kosi dɔla 215 wɔ carat biako mu, nanso ɛda adi sɛ eyinom mu pii yɛ orthoclase anaa feldspar ahorow afoforo a wɔakyerɛw no yiye.

Wubetumi anya sanidine cabochons a ne bo bɛyɛ dɔla 10 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 50 biara.

Ahwehwɛ a wɔannoa no yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den sen biara, na wɔtaa nya bi a ne bo nnu dɔla biako wɔ carat biara ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Pseudobrookite needle a ɛwɔ tabular sanidine crystals mu | Mfonini no fi: Fred Kruijen, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Sanidine Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Ansa na yɛbɛwie no, momma yɛnka aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho asɛm .

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ebia worenhu sanidine agude pii a ɛwɔ hɔ. Sɛ sanidine a ɛho yɛ na da nkyɛn a, wontumi nhyɛ yiye. Ɛno akyi no, sɛ wuhu agude a, hwɛ hu sɛ wubenya nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo ho ban na wohyɛ no bere ne bere mu nkutoo.

Sanidine tumi nwura hydrofluoric acid mu na ɛyɛ brittle, enti di ho dwuma brɛoo. Nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a emu nyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo na ɛho tew.

Da nsow wɔ Sanidine ho!

Ɛmfa ho sɛ feldspar minerals dɔɔso no, sanidine yɛ pack no muni a ɔyɛ soronko a ɛhyerɛn esiane nea ɛntaa nsi ne onwini a ɛda adi pefee kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hyew nti — na sɛ wode saa aboɔden abo yi ka wo nneɛma a woaboaboa ano no ho a, ebetumi aboa wo ma woada nsow wɔ pack no mu, nso.

Kɔtɔ sanidine ne aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔntaa nhu nnɛ!