Pumpellyite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Pumpellyite (wɔbɔ no puhm-PELL-ee-eyet) yɛ aboɔden abo kuw bi anaa aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ saa kuw no mu biako din. Wɔfrɛ pumpellyite ahorow a wonim no yiye sen biara no chlorastrolite, a ɛno nso yɛ Michigan mantam aboɔden abo.

mineral ahorow no abu so yiye, ɛwom sɛ pumpellyite ahorow bi ho yɛ na sen afoforo de. Pumpellyite abo a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na, titiriw wɔ akɛse mu.

Pumpellyite yɛ nea wonim no kɛse wɔ wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no mu, nanso chlorastrolite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ taa pue wɔ agude mu.

Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, wobɛsua pumpellyite ahodoɔ no nyinaa, ne ɔboɔ no abakɔsɛm, ne su, ne boɔ, ne mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Chlorastrolite a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ (pumpellyite ahorow) a efi Isle Royale National Park, Michigan, U.S.A. | Mfonini no fi A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum

Dɛn Ne Pumpellyite?

Wɔde “Pumpellyite” di dwuma ma abo kuw bi anaa aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi a ɛwɔ saa kuw no mu no biako. Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ kuw yi ne “lotrite,” ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde “lotrite” nso di dwuma sɛ din a wɔde frɛ chlorastrolite de.

Lotrite akyi no, chlorastrolite wɔ abodin afoforo kakraa bi, a nea ɛka ho ne:

• Supɔw Royale Greenstone na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Green Turtle Ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Greenstone / Michigan Ɔbo a ɛyɛ frɔmfrɔm

• Nsoromma Abo a Ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Ɔtare Superior Greenstone a ɛwɔ hɔ no

• Keasargeite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Zonochlorite (wɔsan de yɛ pumpellyite a magnesium wom; din a ɛnteɛ) .

• Lintonite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Uigite (a ɛsono nea efi Uig, Scotland) .

Saa abodin ahorow yi bi da chlorastrolite hwɛbea adi — mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ ahabammono ne fitaa a ɛte sɛ mpɔtorɔ akorade — anaa baabi a wohu no (ɛno ho nsɛm pii wɔ Abakɔsɛm ne Mmeae a Wɔtu Fam no afã horow no akyiri yi).

Ɛsɛ sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ wɔde edin “greenstone” no nso di dwuma ma:

• Aboɔden abo ne abotan ahorow a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde yɛ tete agude ne nneɛma a wɔde yɛ agude

• Abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, a mpɛn pii no nephrite jade ne bowenite a ɛyɛ serpentine a ɛyɛ hann , a efi New Zealand; Wɔsan frɛ no “New Zealand jade” ne Pounamu (Māori asɛmfua) .

• Jade a ɛyɛ ahabammono (nephrite anaa jadeite) ahorow a efi mmeae ahorow

Esiane sɛ ɛne jade di nsɛ nti, pumpellyite betumi de asi ananmu sɛ March awobo anaa Pisces ɔbo foforo.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, pumpellyite yɛ Leo awobo .

Pumpellyite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛnea wunim no, pumpellyite yɛ aboɔden abo kuw bi. Nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, akuw abien na ɛwɔ hɔ: “pumpellyite kuw” ne “pumpellyite kuw ketewa.”

Pumpellyite kuw kɛse no ka nsu mu calcium silicates a ne nsusuwii nyinaa yɛ Ca2XZ2[Si2O6(OH)][SiO4](OH)2A ho. Wɔ formula no mu no, X betumi ayɛ magnesium, ferrous/ferric iron, aluminium, manganese, anaa vanadium, na Z betumi ayɛ aluminium, ferrous iron, manganese, vanadium, anaa chromium. A gyinabea no betumi ayɛ hydroxide anaa oxygen.

Saa kuw yi bi ne okhotskite, poppite, julgodite kuw ketewa, shuiskite kuw ketewa, ne pumpellyite kuw ketewa.

Pumpellyite kuw ketewa no kura minerals 5, na formula a wɔde yɛ pumpellyite no gu ahorow kakra wɔ pumpellyite mineral biara ho — pii fa eyinom ho wɔ ɔfa a edi hɔ no mu.

Pumpellyite minerals betumi ayɛ fibrous (wɔ ntama a ɛyɛ den anaasɛ masses mu), lamellar masses (a ɛyɛ mprɛte a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso), amygdaloidal, anaasɛ fracture fillings.

Pumpellyite Mineral Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ:

• Mohs denden : 5 kosi 5.5; Chlorastrolite 5-6 a efi aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔafrafra mu

• Kɔla : Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ ahabammono a ngodua, bruu-ahabammono, tuntum-ahabammono, ne emerald-ahabammono ka ho; Ebetumi ayɛ bruu, fitaa, bruu, fitaa a ɛyɛ hann, anaa pinkish-brown

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Ɛyɛ vitreous anaasɛ ɛyɛ dull; Silky bere a ɛyɛ nhama

• Transparency : Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee; Mg-bearing - a ɛyɛ hann kɔsi nea ɛnyɛ hann; Al-bearing - a ɛda adi kɔsi nea ɛyɛ translucent

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.674-1.800; Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mmeae ahorow no wɔ aboɔden abo mu, nea ɛkorɔn sen biara yɛ nea manganese wom (1.752-1.800) .

• Nnipa dodow : 3.18-3.41; Ɛsono sɛnea aboɔden abo te, nea ɛkorɔn sen biara ne nea ɛwɔ aluminium (3.41); Chlorastrolite 3.1-3.5 a efi aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔafrafra mu

• Cleavage : Ɛtaa yɛ soronko/eye wɔ {001} & {100}; Biara nni hɔ wɔ nneɛma akɛse mu; Manganese-bearing - wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {001} so; Aluminium-bearing - a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {100} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ mpaapaemu

• Streak : Fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa; Manganese-bearing - a ɛyɛ hann a ɛyɛ fitaa-pink

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Mprempren & ahoɔden, kɔla ahorow gu ahorow wɔ mineral ahorow mu; a - a enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ ahabammono-kɔla a ɛyɛ hann anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann anaasɛ ɛyɛ pink a ɛyɛ hann; β - a ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono anaa ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann anaa sare a emu dɔ-ahabammono anaa bruu-kɔla; γ - a enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri anaasɛ bruu-kɔla anaa bruu-pink

• Nkyekyɛm abien : 0.013-0.048; Nsonsonoe a ɛwɔ mmeae ahorow no wɔ aboɔden abo mu, nea ɛkorɔn sen biara no yɛ nea manganese wom (0.048) .

• Dispersion : Ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛyɛ den kakra; Ɛba fam wɔ nhwɛsode ahorow a ne kɔla yɛ bruu mu

• Nneɛma a ɛwɔ aniwa so : Chatoyancy (chlorastrolite) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Pumpellyite-(Mn) | Mfonini no fi: D. Nishio-Hamane, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Pumpellyite Ahorow Ahorow

Pumpellyite kuw ketewa no kura aboɔden abo 5:

• Pumpellyite-(Mg) : Ɛwɔ magnesium; Nnuru a wɔde yɛ Ca2MgAl2 [Si2O6OH] [SiO4] (OH) 2 (OH); Green, bruu, tuntum-ahabammono, anaa bruu

• Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) : Dade a ɛyɛ dade a ɛwɔ mu; Nkyekyɛm Ca2Fe2 + Al2 [Si2O6OH] [SiO4] (OH) 2 (OH); Ɛyɛ ahabammono-tuntum

• Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) : Ferric dade a ɛwɔ mu; Nkyekyɛm Ca2Fe3 + Al2 [Si2O6OH] [SiO4] (OH) 2O; Ɛyɛ ahabammono-tuntum

• Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) : Ɛwɔ manganese; Nkyekyɛm Ca2Mn2 + Al2 [Si2O6OH] [SiO4] (OH) 2 (OH); LIght grey anaasɛ pinkish-brown

• Pumpellyite-(Al) : Aluminum-a ɛwɔ mu; Ebia magnesium pii wom sen pumpellyite-(Mg); Nkyekyɛm Ca2AlAl2 [Si2O6OH] [SiO4] (OH) 2O; Emerald-ahabammono kosi fitaa, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛwɔ ase

Wobetumi afrɛ pumpellyite-(Fe2+) ne pumpellyite-(Fe3+) nyinaa sɛ “ferropumpellyite.” Wobetumi afrɛ nhwɛsode ahorow a dade a ɛyɛ dade ne dade a ɛyɛ dade nyinaa wom no “julgolditet.”

Chlorastrolite yɛ pumpellyite-(Mg) bi. Mpɛn pii no, ɛba wɔ nhama a ɛyɛ den mu, na mpɛn pii no ɛne aboɔden abo afoforo frafra mu. Sɛ nhama no ba akuwakuw a ɛyɛ radial a, ɛma mpɔtorɔ-akorade anaa mpɔtorɔ-akyi nsusuwso a ɛyɛ ne nsa ne chatoyancy bi ba .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Chlorastrolite nhwɛsode no fã bi a wohuu wɔ Keweenaw Peninsula | Mfonini no fi: Charles Dawley, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Pumpellyite Abakɔsɛm

Wohuu pumpellyite a edi kan wɔ Keweenaw Peninsula a ɛwɔ Michigan, U.S.A. wɔ 1920 mfe no mu.

Amerikani asase ho nimdefo Ɔbenfo Alfred Wandke dii kan hui sɛ pumpellyite yɛ aboɔden abo foforo, na ɔkaa ho asɛm sɛ “ zoisite a ɛyɛ ahabammono .”

Wɔ wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ 1925 mu mu no, Amerikafo aboɔden abo ho animdefo Charles Palache ne Helen E. Vassar de Raphael Pumpelly, asase ho nimdefo a odii kan yɛɛ saa ɔmantam no mu aboɔden abo ho nhwehwɛmu no din pumpellyite.

Pumpellyite Aboɔden abo Biara a Wohuu

Wɔ 1973 mu no, Amanaman Ntam Aboɔdenfo Fekuw (IMA) de nsɛmfua a wɔde gyina akyi maa pumpellyite aboɔden abo no kaa ho de kyerɛɛ ade soronko a ɛwɔ emu biara aduan mu.

Wɔabobɔ din sɛnea wohuu wɔn nnidiso nnidiso:

1. Pumpellyite-(Mg) : Charles Palache & Helen E. Vassar na wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ 1925 mu; Wohuu no wɔ Michigan, U.S.A

2. Pumpellyite-(Fe2+) : Wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ 1965 mu denam V. V. Zolotukhin, Yu.R. Vasil’ev, & N. I. Zyuzin, ne wɔn a wɔka wɔn ho no; Wohuu no wɔ Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia (Siberia) .

3. Pumpellyite-(Fe3+) : Elio Passaglia na ɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ 1973 mu; Wohuu no wɔ Bulla, Italy

4. Pumpellyite-(Mn2+) : Wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ 1981 mu denam Satoshi Matsubara, Akira Kato, & Ryoichi Yamamoto so; Wohuu no wɔ Minami-Alps, Japan

5. Pumpellyite-(Al) : Frédéric Hatert & Thomas Theye na wɔkaa ho asɛm wɔ afe 2005 mu; Wohuu no wɔ Bertrix, Belgium

Chlorastrolite Abakɔsɛm

Amerikani asase ho nimdefo Josiah D. Whitney ne nyansahufo Charles T. Jackson dii kan huu chlorastrolite wɔ Isle Royale wɔ Lake Superior, Michigan, wɔ 1847 mu — ansa na pumpellyite reba!

Wɔde Hela nsɛmfua chloros , a ɛkyerɛ “ahabammono,” ne astros , a ɛkyerɛ “nsoromma,” anaa “nsoromma bo a ɛyɛ ahabammono” na ɛtoo no.

Akyiri yi wohuu chlorastrolite wɔ Carpathian Mmepɔw a ɛwɔ Europa, a Murgoci de edin “lotrite” kaa ho asɛm wɔ 1901 mu.

Ebinom susuwii sɛ ɛyɛ thomsonite anaa prehnite ahorow ahorow . Ɛyɛ 1940 mfeɛ no mu ansa na W. B. Griffiths hunuu sɛ ɛyɛ pumpellyite ahodoɔ.

Pumpellyite Aboɔden abo Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ ahabammono a ɛsa yare , pumpellyite ntease da aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono de adi , a egyina hɔ ma anidaso ne foforoyɛ. Wɔde di dwuma nso sɛ koma chakra ɔbo .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wogye di sɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ pumpellyite aboɔden abo mu no boa wɔ:

• Kankyee yare

• Ntini mu ɔbrɛ

• Awuduru a ɛboaboa ano

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, wɔka sɛ pumpellyite:

• Dadwen a ɛba fam

• Ma nsakrae a emu yɛ den nyɛ mmerɛw

• Hyɛ nneɛma pa ho nkuran

• Tew abufuw ase

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Chlorastrolite a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ (pumpellyite ahorow) cabochon | Mfonini no fi: Michigan.gov krataa

Pumpellyite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, pumpellyite aboɔden abo bo gyina kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne carat mu duru so.

Ahosuo

Pumpellyite abo dodow no ara wɔ ahabammono bi, nanso ebi yɛ bruu, bruu, fitaa, pinkish-brown, anaa fitaa. Kɔla a ɛyɛ tuntum no wɔ birefringence, dispersion (ogya), ne refractive indices a ɛkorɔn.

Pumpellyite kɔla a eye sen biara ne emerald -ahabammono a emu yɛ den.

Chlorastrolite betumi ayɛ pink, ahabammono, bruu-ahabammono, tuntum, anaa eyinom a wɔaka abom. Kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛwɔ chlorastrolite mu no fi dade a ɛyɛ fĩ ne dade a ɛyɛ dade a ɛde ahoɔden kɔ ferric dade mu no. Nsusuwii a emu yɛ den a wotumi hu no hyɛ sɛ nneɛma bo nkɔ soro.

Twa

Esiane sɛ pumpellyite a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na nti, pumpellyite aboɔden abo biara a wɔatwa no som bo fi awosu mu. Pumpellyite abo dodow no ara a ɛwɔ afã horow no yɛ pumpellyite-(Mn) anaasɛ wɔde osumilite adura ho.

Wɔtaa twitwa chlorastrolite abo ma ɛyɛ cabochons .

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nsɛm a emu da hɔ kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu a ɛka ɔbo bi ho no mu, na ɛma nea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo so tew.

Translucence a ɛkorɔn wɔ pumpellyite mu nso betumi ama bo akɔ soro, efisɛ transparency ntaa mma. Wɔtaa hu sɛ pumpellyite ne aboɔden abo afoforo te sɛ epidote , prehnite, anaa zeolite anyin.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Faceted pumpellyites yɛ nketewa, bere nyinaa wɔ 2 cts ase. Chlorastrolite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ papa nso yɛ nketewa, ɛntaa mma sɛ ɛboro nsateakwaa 0.5 (sentimita 1.27). Chlorastrolite cabochons dodow no ara tenten yɛ nsateakwaa 1 kosi 2 na ennu gram 2 (10 cts).

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Blue prehnite a "bɔl" no bi yɛ ahabammono, nanso emu kakraa bi kyerɛ bruu a wɔntaa nhu a ɛnam pumpellyite tuntum a ɛwɔ ase so na ɛba; Richard Kosnar Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Pumpellyite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Pumpellyite aboɔden abo dodow no ara ba bere a ɛsakra a ɛba fam no. Wɔtaa hu wɔ basalt ne gabbros a wɔasakra no mu.

Nsakrae bɛn na ɛyɛ prehnite pumpellyite? Prehnite-pumpellyite facies gyina hɔ ma metamorphic grade a ɛfiri 250-350°C ne 1-7 kb nhyɛsoɔ.

Aboɔden abo bɛn na ɛwɔ prehnite-pumpellyite facies mu? Egyina ɔbotan a ɛkɔɔ so yɛɛ nsakrae no so. Mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ saa facies yi mu (a prehnite ne pumpellyite da nkyɛn) no bi ne:

• Actinolite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Albite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Chlorite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Muscovitefo na wɔte saa

• Quartz a wɔfrɛ no Quartz

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛhe na wohu pumpellyite? Michigan nkutoo na wonim sɛ wonya chlorastrolite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo.

Wohu Pumpellyite titiriw wɔ:

• Austria

• Finland na ɛwɔ hɔ

• New Zealand na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Scotland

• South Africa

• U.S.A. (California, New Jersey) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

• USSR

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Chlorastrolite a wɔde ahyɛ mu a efi Isle Royale Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea, Ɔtare Superior, Keweenaw Co., Michigan | Mfonini no fi Grand Rapids Ɔmanfo Tete Nneɛma Akorae

Pumpellyite Aboɔden abo Bo & Bo

Faceted pumpellyite aboɔden abo bo bɛyɛ $30-$80 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ $20-$90 biara.

Chlorastrolite cabochons kɔ bɛyɛ $2.50-$35 wɔ carat biara mu anaa $25-$160 biara.

Pumpellyite a ɛyɛ den a wɔtɔn no fi bɛyɛ $3-$175, nanso dodow no ara nnu $0.50-$1 wɔ carat biara mu.

Chlorastrolite abo a ahwe ase no bo bɛyɛ $3-$11 biara.

Chlorastrolite agude bo wɔ saa nneɛma ahorow yi:

• Nkapo : $140 kosi $2,000

• Cuff Bracelets : $750 kosi $1,600

• Pendants : $170 kosi $1,100

• Asomuade : $45 kosi $500

Nea etwa to: aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so .

Pumpellyite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ wɔmfa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛbɔ ho ban wɔ chlorastrolite agude so, titiriw nkaa ho.

Ma pumpellyite ntwe ne ho mfi sulfuric anaa hydrofluoric acid ho.

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro pumpellyite ho.

So Wɔabɔ Wo Pɔmpɛ ama Pumpellyite?

Sɛ́ ebia woyɛ Michigan kuromni anaasɛ wonyɛ no, pumpellyite yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ fɛ na egu ahorow a ɛsɛ sɛ wudi ho afahyɛ. Esiane sɛ ɛwɔ ahorow pii, a chlorastrolite a agye din sen biara ka ho nti, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wubenya pumpellyite aboɔden abo a ɛfata wo!

Kɔtɔ pumpellyite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔntaa nhu nnɛ!