Powellite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Powellite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu a wɔn a wɔboaboa ano nim no kɛse. Aboɔden abo no nso betumi ayɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ hyew, a wɔtoo din “chrome powellite.” Ɛte sɛ scheelite yiye, na wɔtaa de frafra.

Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea ɛho yɛ na a, powellite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛntaa nsi, nanso wɔ aboɔden abo fam no, ɛka nea ɛho yɛ na sen biara no ho. Nokwarem no, ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu, a wɔhwehwɛ sen biara a efi India no mu biako.

Wo ho pere wo sɛ wubehu pii? Afei bata ho na woahu powellite aboɔden abo ne aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ mu nyinaa, ne n’abakɔsɛm, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, ne bo, ne nea ɛkeka ho!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Powellite a ɛhyerɛn kɛse a ne kɔla yɛ tan a ɛyɛ soronko a ɛhyerɛn yiye na ɛhyerɛn | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Powellite Ɔbo ho

Powellite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛho yɛ na yiye a ne kɔla ahorow gu ahorow, a kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, bruu, fitaa, ne tuntum anaa nea enni kɔla mpo ka ho.

Aboɔden abo no ne schelite wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse . Enti, nsonsonoe bɛn na ɛda powellite ne scheelite ntam? Nsonsonoe titiriw a ɛwɔ mu ne sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ, sɛnea ɛhyerɛn, ne nea ɛntaa nsi:

• Nneɛma a ɛwɔ mu : Scheelite yɛ calcium tungstate bere a powellite yɛ calcium molybdate.

• Fluorescence : Mpɛn pii no, abien no nyinaa yɛ fluorescence, nanso powellite taa ma kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ krim na scheelite ma fitaa a ɛyɛ bruu.

• Rarity : Ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa nsi de, nanso scheelite da so ara abu so sen powellite, a aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow ka ho.

Scheelite wɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma ahorow nso, nanso dɛn na wɔde powellite di dwuma?

Powellite Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Ade a ɛsom bo sen biara wɔ powellite ho wɔ mfiridwuma mu ne molybdenum a ɛwom.

Powellite yɛ ade ketewaa bi a wɔde molybdenum ayɛ.

Dade yɛ bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 86 wɔ molybdenum a wɔde di dwuma no mu, titiriw no, wɔde fra nneɛma afoforo mu de yɛ nneɛma a wɔde afra te sɛ dade a wɔde yɛ dan.

Mfaso a molybdenum wɔ wɔ aduru a wɔde afra mu no bi ne sɛnea ɛko tia ɔhyew, ɛtumi yɛ weld, na ɛtumi gyina nsɛeɛ ano. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, molybdenite bo a ɛyɛ den ne nea ɛba fam no ma ɛyɛ nea eye sen tungsten.

Bio nso, nyansahufo ayɛ powellite a wɔayɛ de asua sɛnea ɛwɔ aboɔden abo ne nnuru a ɛwom no ho ade.

Sɛ yɛreka ho asɛm a...

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Powellites a ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛte sɛ krim, a ɛhyerɛn a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ akɛse a wɔabom ayɛ akuwakuw wɔ UV hann ase; Charlie Key Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Powellite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Calcium molybdate mineral, aduru a wɔde yɛ powellite ne Ca(MoO4). Ebinom kyerɛw formula no sɛ Ca(Mo,W)O4 de bu efĩ a ɛtaa ba tungsten (W) no ho akontaa.

Tungsten efĩ taa wɔ hɔ efisɛ powellite ne scheelite, calcium tungstate a ɛwɔ nsusuwii CaWO4 yɛ ntoatoaso. Ɛtɔ da bi a, powellite molecules a ɛwɔ scheelite mu no betumi ama scheelite no ama fluorescence kɔkɔɔ, bere a ɛtaa ma fluorescence fitaa anaa bruu fi adi no.

Kuw anaa nnuru nhyehyɛe bɛn ase na powellite wɔ? Powellite wɔ scheelite-type dipyramidal structure na ɛwɔ scheelite mineral kuw no mu.

Scheelite kuw no mufo afoforo bi ne:

• Raspite na ɛyɛ

• Ronpetersonite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Scheelite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Stolzite a wɔde di dwuma

• Wulfenite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Wɔ suban ho no, powellite ahwehwɛ taa yɛ pyramidal, na mpɛn pii no n’anim yɛ nsensanee. Sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ foforo no, ahwehwɛ no betumi ayɛ tratraa na ɛyɛ tabular kosi krataa-tenten wɔ {001} so. Aboɔden abo no nso ba sɛ masses, druzy , anaa crusts ka ho ne foliated, pulverulent (powdery), anaa ocherous (te sɛ dɔte) aggregates.

Powellite agyapade ahorow a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 3.5-4

• Kɔla : Nnua kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, bruu, ahabammono-kɔla, ahabammono-blue, bruu, tuntum-blue, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ tuntum, fitaa, fitaa-fitaa, enni kɔla; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wɔde kɔla ahorow ahyɛ mu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Tetragonal

• Luster : Subadamantine, a ɛyɛ resin, anaasɛ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ; Srade wɔ akisikuru so

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.967-1.985

• Nnipa dodow : 4.23-4.28; Ɛsono sɛnea tungsten efĩ dodow te

• Cleavage : Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi/ohiani wɔ {112}, {011}, ne {001} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Luminescence : Fluorescence a ɛwɔ hɔ - creamy fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, anaa sika kɔkɔɔ kɔkɔɔ wɔ LW-UV & SW-UV mu, dimmer wɔ LW-UV ase

• Pleochroism : Wohu wɔ nhwɛsode ahorow a kɔla a emu dɔ mu - bruu kosi ahabammono (nhwɛsode bruu) kɔkɔɔ kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (nhwɛsode kɔkɔɔ) .

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.010-0.011

• Apete : 0.058 (a ɛyɛ den) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Powellite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ papa, ɛhyerɛn, a ne kɔla yɛ krim a efi India a ɛte matrix ketewaa bi so | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Powellite Abakɔsɛm

Amerikani nnuruyɛfo William Harlow Melville kyerɛw powellite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1890. Wotintim ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu no wɔ American Journal of Science mu wɔ 1891 mu.

Ɔtoo din de hyɛɛ Ɔsahene John Wesley Powell, Amerikani asase ho nimdefo, asraafo sraani, ɔkwantufo, ne U.S. Asase Ho Nhwehwɛmu Dwumadibea no Panyin saa bere no, faako a na Melville yɛ adwuma wɔ Nnuruyɛbea no anuonyam.

Melville huu powellite nhwɛsode ahorow a edi kan wɔ Idaho, U.S.A., titiriw Peacock Mine a ɛwɔ Seven Devils Mmepɔw so no. Ɔkae sɛ bornite dɔɔso wɔ hɔ, nanso onyaa aboɔden abo abien a ɛbata ho: “lime-alumina dade garnet” (ebia melanite) ne aboɔden abo a wonnim a ɛte sɛ scheelite.

Bere a Melville sɔɔ hwɛe no, ohui sɛ ɛnyɛ scheelite na mmom ɛyɛ aboɔden abo foforo a molybdenum wom. Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, na wonhuu calcium molybdate wɔ abɔde mu ansa na wɔrehu saa.

Wɔ 1893 mu no, wɔbɔɔ beae a ɛto so abien a wonim sɛ powellite wɔ ho amanneɛ: Houghton Mantam, Michigan. Amerikani nnuruyɛfo ne aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo George Augustus Koenig ne Amerikani asase ho ɔbenfo Lucius Lee Hubbard na wɔkyerɛw saa ade a wohui yi ho asɛm.

Franseni asase ho nimdefo Auguste Michel-Lévy kaa powellite a edi kan a wɔyɛe, “lime molybdotungstate” ho asɛm wɔ 1894 mu.

Powellite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛsa yare , powellite ntease da anigye ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ afoforo mu adi .

Wɔ ahoɔden ayaresa mu no, powellite yɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo a mfaso wɔ so .

Nneɛma afoforo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ powellite wɔ sɛ ɛyɛ metaphysical no bi ne:

• Honhom mu nhumu a wɔma ɛkɔ soro

• Boasetɔ a ɛkɔ soro

• Abufuw a ɛma obi dwo

• Nkannyan a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso

• Nnamfo pa a wɔbɛtwetwe wɔn

• Adwene mu ntease a wɔbɛhyɛ ho nkuran

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Powellite ahwehwɛ soronko a ɛwɔ floater ahwehwɛ kɛse a edi mũ, a ensɛee, a ɛka ho a ɛhyerɛn yiye, ɛyɛ nnam, na ɛwɔ awiei a ɛwɔ soro pii; Wonyin twaa stilbite ahwehwɛ ho hyia wɔ ɔfã biako | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Powellite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Powellite su ahorow pii bɛma ayɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ, te sɛ nea ɛpete kɛse , ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛyɛ daimond hyerɛn, kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ, ne pleochroism a ɛda nsow. Nanso powellite a ɛho yɛ na ne Mohs a ɛyɛ den a ɛba fam no ma saa aboɔden abo yi ho yɛ na.

Nanso, sɛ nea ɛho yɛ na da nkyɛn a, wɔda so ara bu powellite aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo a egyina kɔla a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, sɛnea wɔatwitwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne emu duru a ɛyɛ carat so.

Ahosuo

Powellite dodow no ara yɛ sare kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu, na mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Nhwɛsode a ɛsom bo kɛse no yɛ nea enni kɔla koraa, ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ, ɛyɛ ahabammono-blue anaa ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn.

Wɔto powellite a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn no din “chrome powellite” nanso ɛda adi sɛ kɔla no fi kɔbere efĩ mu, enti ebinom frɛ no “cuprian powellites.” Kɔbere oxide efĩ pii ma wonya powellite abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum.

Powellite nhwɛsode ahorow bi nso da kɔla ahorow adi, te sɛ mmeae a ɛyɛ bruu kosi tuntum.

Nhwɛsode a ɛwɔ kɔla a emu dɔ, titiriw powellites a ɛyɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ nso betumi ada pleochroism soronko adi (kɔla ahorow wɔ mmeae ahorow a wɔhwɛ), na ɛma wɔn bo kɔ soro.

Twa

Transparent, facetable powellite material yɛ nea wonim fi beae biako pɛ — eyi ne ɔbo no brɛoo no ka bom ma faceted powellites ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo. Wɔtaa twitwa wɔn ma ɛyɛ oval cushion shapes de ma powellite ogya ne kɔla a ɛwɔ mu no apue.

Wɔntaa ntwitwa Powellite nyɛ no cabochons . Powellite dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no yɛ rough (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka ɔbo a ɛsom bo ho, a ebetumi ama nea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo so atew.

Powellite betumi ayɛ nea aniwa ho tew (ɛnyɛ nea wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu wɔ aniwa a ɛda hɔ), a ɛsom bo sen biara, nanso nhwɛsode ahorow bi yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kɛse esiane nneɛma a wɔde ka ho nti.

Nneɛma a ebetumi aka powellite ho ne:

• Swirled nhyehyɛe

• Paraniite-(Y) ahwehwɛ nketewa

• Thorian monazite -(Ce) 1999. Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so.

• Quartz tuntum a wɔfrɛ no quartz

Wɔahu Powellite nso sɛ nea ɛka ho (a molybdenite ka ho) wɔ quartz a efi Chile mu.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Powellite aboɔden abo taa so tew wɔ nea ɛda adi mu bere a carat mu duru kɔ soro — aboɔden abo a ɛda adi kɛse taa yɛ 0.5 kosi 1 carat. Nanso, wɔatwitwa powellite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ hann mu ayɛ no aboɔden abo a emu duru boro carat 15. Powellite a ɛwɔ afã biako mu duru boro karat 50!

Ɛno akyi no, powellite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no mu dodow no ara nni carat 2 ase.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Powellite ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ diamond, gemmy, ɛwo kɔkɔɔ, pseudo-octahedral powellite ahwehwɛ a wɔaka abom wɔ scolecite ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ tiara a ɛyɛ sukyerɛmma fitaa a wɔde fluorapophyllite ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ emerald, pastel-ahabammono ahyɛ mu den so | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Powellite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Mpɛn pii no, powellite ba sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛto so abien, a ɛba bere a aboɔden abo afoforo (titiriw) kɔ oxidation mu no.

Sɛnea ɛte no, wohu wɔ oxidation zones a hydrothermal deposits a molybdenum wom. Aboɔden abo no nso betumi asesa ayɛ ferrimolybdite.

Ɛntaa mma sɛ powellite ntumi nkɔ basalt, granite pegmatites, ne tactites mu.

Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa de bata powellite ho ne:

• Molybdenite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Ferrimolybdite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Stilbite a ɛma obi ho yɛ hyew

• Laumontite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Apophyllite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Scolecite a wɔde di dwuma

• Fluorapophyllite-(K) a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu.

• Zeolitesfoɔ

Wɔahu nso sɛ powellite tuntum a efi Kazakhstan no ne uranium aboɔden abo te sɛ uramarsite (uranyl-arsenate mica) wɔ abusuabɔ.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu powellite?

Faako pɛ a wonim sɛ wonya facetable powellite nneɛma a ne kɛse fata ne India, titiriw Nasik. Wonim saa beae yi sɛ ɛyɛ powellite a eye sen biara wɔ wiase nyinaa.

Michigan, U.S.A., da nsow sɛ wɔyɛ powellite bruu a wotumi twitwa, nanso nneɛma a wɔde yɛ no ma wonya aboɔden abo nketenkete paa.

Nea etwa to no, Chile yɛ nea ɛho hia wɔ cuprian powellite a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔahu nnansa yi kakra no ho.

Powellite fibea afoforo a ɛda nsow ne:

• Mexico

• Morocco na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Namibia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Russia

• Kurokuro

• UK (England, Scotland) .

• U.S.A. (Arizona, California, Nevada, Mexico Foforo, Texas, Utah)

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nnam na ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ powellites a ɛhyerɛn na ɛyɛ bruu-ahabammono soronko, a ebia wɔde celadonite a wɔde aka ho na ɛyɛ kɔla; Charlie Key a wɔaboaboa ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Powellite Bo & Ne Bo

Ebia ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ powellites a ɛwɔ anim no soa nneɛma bo a ɛkɔ soro sen biara, efi bɛyɛ dɔla 60 kosi dɔla 1,600 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ ne nyinaa bɛyɛ dɔla 50 kosi 12,500. Nneɛma bo a ɛkorɔn sen biara no kɔ aboɔden abo a ɛkorɔn ne/anaasɛ akɛse so.

Cuprian powellite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 200 kosi 400 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ ne nyinaa bo bɛyɛ dɔla 120 kosi 350.

Powellite rough a ɛsom bo sen biara no taa yɛ pink a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛwɔ stilbite so, a emu biara fi bɛyɛ dɔla 300 kosi bɛboro dɔla 30,000.

Powellite ahwehwɛ mmiako mmiako a wɔantwitwa no betumi afi $50 kosi $300, anaasɛ bɛboro $700 sɛ ɛyɛ facetable a.

Powellite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan no, ɛho hia sɛ wuhu sɛ powellite wɔ awuduru a ɛyɛ medium-risk esiane molybdenum a ɛwɔ mu nti. Nea eye ne sɛ, sɛ wɔde wɔn ho hyɛ dodow a ɛboro so mu nkutoo a, molybdenum pira nnipa, nanso ebetumi ayɛ awuduru kɛse ama mmoa pɔtee bi te sɛ nguan ne anantwi.

Fa powellite ntwe ne ho mfi obiara a ebia ɔde bɛhyɛ wɔn anom, te sɛ afieboa anaa mmofra ho.

Wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho no , ma powellite ntwe ne ho mfi acid ho, titiriw hydrochloric acid ne nitric acid. Hwɛ yiye bere a woredi ho dwuma no na fa sie baabi a ɛnyɛ aboɔden abo afoforo na amma ansɛe.

Yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ fa powellite nkutoo sie mfa nkyerɛ, efisɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo sɛ wɔde bɛyɛ agude.

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a microfiber ayɛ hohoro powellite ho yiye.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Powellite a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ lime a ɛwɔ gemmy crystals wɔ vug | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Power Up Ne Powellite!

Powellite yɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu, nanso eyi ma nea ɛtwetwe adwene no yɛ kɛse, ne ne kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ, ɛhyerɛn, ne nea ɛhyerɛn no. Nea ɛka ho no, ɛwɔ mfiridwuma mu nneɛma bi a ɛho hia.

Powellite yɛ ade kɛse a wɔde ka nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano anaa ayaresa beae biara a ehia sɛ wɔma ɛkanyan ne atirimpɔw nya nkɔso ho!

Kɔtɔ powellite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ afoforo nnɛ!