Hambergite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Hambergite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtaa yɛ fitaa anaasɛ enni kɔla a wonnim no kɛse a wodii kan huu wɔ Norway na wɔde Swedenni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo bi too so. Aboɔden abo no yɛ nea wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no nim no kɛse.

Sɛ́ aboɔden abo no, hambergite ho yɛ na kakra, nanso hambergite ade a ɛda adi, a ɛda adi pefee no ho yɛ na sen saa.

Ɛwom sɛ ɛtra hɔ kyɛ kɛse ma agude de, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wobenya ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ anim na wɔde ayɛ saa ahwehwɛ no yiye no ma hambergite aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no ho yɛ na.

Nanso, hambergite wɔ nneɛma pii a wɔpɛ a ɛma ɛyɛ aboɔden abo soronko a ɛyɛ anigye.

Yɛbɛkɔ saa nneɛma no nyinaa so nnɛ bere a yɛrekata hambergite agyapadeɛ sɛ aboɔden aboɔ ne aboɔden aboɔ, ne n’abakɔsɛm, ne boɔ, ne mfasoɔ so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Hambergite ahwehwɛ biako a ne fã bi yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛhyerɛn yiye, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ na n’ano yɛ nnam; Charles Key Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Dɛn Ne Hambergite?

Hambergite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛho yɛ na . Ɔbo no taa yɛ nea enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ fitaa nanso ebetumi ayɛ fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, wɔkamfo hambergite kyerɛ wɔn a wɔwoo wɔn wɔ Aquarius ase .

Hambergite su ahorow a ɛda nsow no bi ne ne Mohs hardness , density, refractive index, ne birefringence.

Aboɔden abo no yɛ den kɛse, ɛnyɛ den pii (ɛnyɛ hare), na ɛwɔ refractive index a ɛkorɔn, ade a wɔaka abom a ɛntaa nsi koraa. Hambergite nso wɔ birefringence a ɛkorɔn kɛse, na aboɔden abo foforo biara nni hɔ a ɛwɔ birefringence a ɛkorɔn saa a ɛwɔ density a ɛba fam te sɛ hambergite de no.

Afei, yɛbɛkɔ akyiri afa saa mineral ahorow yi ho.

Hambergite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Nnuru a ɛwɔ hambergite mu ne beryllium hydroxyborate, na ɛma ɛyɛ Be2(BO3)(OH). Ebinom kyerɛw hambergite aduru no sɛ Be2BO3(OH,F) de bu fluorine efĩ a ɛba bere ne bere mu ho akontaa.

Wɔ suban ho no, hambergite ahwehwɛ taa yɛ tratraa, ɛyɛ prismatic, na ɛyɛ nsensanee a ɛwɔ anim a wɔakyerɛw so na ɛyɛ kusuu. Ahwehwɛ nso betumi ayɛ dipyramidal (a ɛte sɛ pyramid abien a ɛbata wɔn ho wɔn ho wɔ wɔn nnyinaso so).

Hambergite betumi ada twinning adi wɔ {100} so. Ɛtaa yɛ reticular twinning (network-te sɛ nhyehyɛe), nanso ebetumi nso ayɛ hemimorphic contact twinning.

Hambergite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw ni:

• Mohs denden : 7.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ); Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ dull

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.550-1.631

• Nnipa dodow : 2.330-2.372; Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ 2.35

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {010} so, ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {100} so.

• Fracture : Conchoidal kosi nea ɛnteɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Mpɛn pii no, obiara nni hɔ; Norwayfoɔ nhwɛsoɔ - ɛtɔ da bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw pinkish-orange anaa orange wɔ LW-UV & mmerɛw yellowish-white wɔ SW-UV

• Pleochroism : Nea wontumi nhu

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.071-0.080

• Apete : 0.015 (mmerɛw) .

Sɛ yɛde aboɔden abo ho nimdeɛ to nkyɛn a, dɛn ne honhom fam ntease a hambergite kyerɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Hambergite floater ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛwɔ n’awiei mmɔho abien a efi Himalaya Mmepɔw so; William Larson Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Hambergite Aboɔden abo Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Hambergite yɛ adwene a ɛyɛ pɛ, nea obi hu ne ho, ne aduannuru ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Honhom mu ayarehwɛfo de hambergite di dwuma de hyɛ anidaso, nhyɛso, ne wɔn ho a wosusuw ho nkuran.

Abakɔsɛm

Norwayni asase ho nimdefo ne aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Waldemar Christofer Brøgger kyerɛw hambergite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1890 mu.

Brøgger de Swedenni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo ne ɔhwehwɛfo Axel Hamberg a ɔde hambergite nhwɛsode a edi kan brɛɛ Brøgger sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ mu wɔ 1899 mu no din too aboɔden abo no so.

Ná wonim Hamberg nso sɛ ɔde nsi yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nsu ne asase ho adesua a ɛfa Sweden aboɔden abo, abotan, ne nsukyenee ho, titiriw wɔ bepɔw kɛse Sarek a ɛwɔ Sweden atifi fam no so. Nhwehwɛmu a ɔyɛe no anya nnɛyi nsukyenee ho adesua so nkɛntɛnso kɛse.

Ná hambergite nhwɛsode a edi kan no yɛ ahwehwɛ ketewaa bi a ne kɛse yɛ sɛntimita 3.5 ne 1.5 (1.38 x 0.60 in). Wohuu sɛ hambergite ahwehwɛ no ne zircon , sodalite , fluorite , analcime, ferro-hornblende, biotite , ne feldspar aboɔden abo wɔ abusuabɔ.

Ná ahwehwɛ no fi nepheline syenite pegmatite asubɔnten ketewaa bi (decimeter 1 kosi 2 anaa nsateakwaa 3.9 kosi 7.9) mu. Ná asubɔnten no wɔ asubɔnten bi a wɔfrɛ no Langesundsfjord anaa Breviksfjord (Langesundsfjorden anaa Breviksfjorden wɔ Norway kasa mu) so wɔ Vestfold, Norway.

(FYI: Fjord yɛ nsu tenten, teateaa, na emu dɔ a ɛkɔ akyirikyiri wɔ asase mu. Ɛtaa fa bon bi a ɛte sɛ U mu na ɛwɔ abotan afasu a ɛyɛ toro wɔ ne nkyɛn.)

Ɛwom sɛ wohuu hambergite wɔ mmeae afoforo akyiri yi de, nanso nea wohuu no titiriw biako ne Anjanabanoana, Madagascar. Alfred Lacroix na ɔbɔɔ hambergite a edi kan ho amanneɛ wɔ ha wɔ 1909 mu, na eyi da so ara yɛ hambergite ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo fibea a eye sen biara.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Hambergite ahwehwɛ a ano yɛ nnam na ɛyɛ abohene a ɛwɔ albite matrix so | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Hambergite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa sa yare a enni kɔla no , hambergite nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa no ne aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo a ɛho tew na ɛbɔ ho ban no hyia .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔka sɛ hambergite mfaso horow no di nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Awɔw a ɛyɛ nwini

• Mu duru a wɔde gyina pintinn

• Nkwammoaa mu nneɛma a ɛsakra

• Koma a ɛbɔ kɛse

• Aniwa mu haw ahorow

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi

• Asoroben

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo kamfo hambergite ahwehwɛ kamfo kyerɛ sɛ:

• Nkate pa a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso

• Wobɛma woahu w’adwene ne wo nipadua akwahosan yiye

• Nkitahodi a ɛyɛ nokware na ɛyɛ nokware kɛse a wɔhyɛ ho nkuran

• Dadwen a wɔtew so

• Nkate a ɛkari pɛ

Chakra Ayaresa

Chakra ayaresa hwehwɛ sɛ wubue w’ahoɔden mmeae (chakras) biako anaa nea ɛboro saa de siesie akwanside bi a ɛregyae ahoɔden a ɛkɔ yiye no.

Wɔde hambergite di dwuma sɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo . Abotiri chakra yɛ halo a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ wo ti atifi ne ahoɔden mfinimfini a ɛkorɔn sen biara, a egyina hɔ ma honhom mu abusuabɔ ne nhumu a ɛkorɔn sen biara.

Abotiri chakra a wɔasiw ano a wubebue no betumi de wo afi adwene a ɛyɛ basaa ne nkitahodi a atwa mu akɔ nkate a ɛfa ɔkorɔn ne honhom mu abusuabɔ a ɛda amansan no ntam no mu.

Wɔ honhom fam mfaso akyi no, dɛn na ɛma hambergite aboɔden abo yɛ nea ɛsom bo wɔ gua so?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Hambergite floater crystal a ɛyɛ den a n’awiei ye soronko a wɔabɛn; Gene Meieran Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Hambergite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, nea ɛda adi pefee, ne carat mu duru nyinaa nya bo a aboɔden abo yi som so nkɛntɛnso.

Ahosuo

Hambergite dodow no ara nni kɔla, fitaa, anaasɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa. Ebia abo a wɔntaa nhu te sɛ hambergite a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no som bo kɛse, nanso hambergite a enni kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw koraa nso som bo.

Twa

Ɛnyɛ sɛ facetable hambergite crystals ho yɛ na nko, na mmom ɛyɛ den yiye nso sɛ wobetwitwa esiane ɔbo no mu mpaapaemu a edi mũ nti. Eyi ma hambergite a ɛwɔ afã horow , titiriw nea wɔatwitwa no yiye no som bo kɛse.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔyɛ hambergitefo anim ma wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano wɔ ntwitwiridii a ɛkɔ so kura mu duru kɛse mu, te sɛ ntama, emerald, ne oval nsusuwii nkutoo mu.

Bio nso, wubehu fuzzy ne doubled faceting wɔ hambergite a wɔatwa mu esiane ne birefringence a ɛkorɔn nti.

Hambergite afoforo dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa) nhwɛsode ahorow. Nanso ebia wubehu quartz cabochons bi a hambergite ka ho , nanso.

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Clarity kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo mu, a ebetumi ama nea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo so atew. Hambergite aboɔden abo a biribiara nka ho a wotumi hu na ɛda adi pefee no som bo kɛse nanso ɛntaa nsi, titiriw wɔ akɛse mu.

Hambergite aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann a ɛwɔ cleavage traces a wotumi hu ne tube inclusions. Hambergite ahwehwɛ a wɔde ka ho kɛse nso yɛ den sɛ wɔbɛfa so ayɛ no aboɔden abo na ne bo nyɛ den.

Wɔ ahwehwɛ afoforo mu no, hambergite betumi ada adi sɛ nea ɛka quartz ne morganite ho .

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Hambergite a ɛwɔ afã a ɛsõ sen biara a wonim no yɛ carat 40.20, nanso mpɛn pii no, hambergite a ɛwɔ anim no mu duru nnu carat 5 na mpɛn pii no ne duru nnu carat 3.

Wɔtaa hu hambergite ahwehwɛ a ne kɛse bɛyɛ nsateakwaa 2 x 1 (5.08 x 2.54 cm).

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Hambergite a ano yɛ nnam a ɛwɔ albite matrix so a cleavelandite ka ho; William Larson Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Hambergite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Hambergite aboɔden abo yɛ sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛka ho a wɔntaa nhu wɔ granite, alkali, ne syenite pegmatites a beryllium ne boron wom mu. Wohu wɔn nso wɔ alluvial gem gravels te sɛ nea ɛwɔ Kashmir, India no mu.

Wɔ ɔhyew a ɛboro 650°C ne 2 kbar nhyɛso mu no, hambergite dan bromellite.

Ɛwom sɛ beryllium wɔ aboɔden abo du du pii mu de, nanso saa aboɔden abo yi nyinaa (te sɛ hambergite) ho yɛ na kodu baabi. Beryllium mineral biako a wɔtaa hu wɔ hambergite ho ne beryl .

Aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛbata hambergite ho ne:

• Aegirine a wɔfrɛ no Aegirine

• Analcime a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Apatite a wɔde di dwuma

• Danburite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Cleavelanditefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Feldspars (titiriw albite) .

• Fluorite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Lepidolite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Quartz a wɔfrɛ no Quartz

• Sphaerobertrandite a wɔde yɛ aduru a wɔfrɛ no Sphaerobertrandite

• Spodumene a ɛwɔ hɔ

• Tourmaline (elbaite & nhomanimfo) .

• Zircon na ɔkyerɛwee

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu hambergite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Hambergite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo sen biara a ne kɛse ye no fi Anjanabanoana, Madagascar. Wohu hambergite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo nso wɔ Afghanistan.

Nneɛma afoforo a wonya fi hambergite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ ne:

• Argentina

• Australia

• Canada

• China

• Czech Republic na ɛwɔ hɔ

• India

• Italy

• Japan

• Mozambique na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Myanmar na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Nepal

• Norway

• Pakistan

• Portugal

• Russia

• Tajikistan na ɛwɔ hɔ

• U.S.A. (California, Nevada, Wisconsin) na ɛwɔ hɔ.

Sɛ yɛhwɛ ne bo a, hambergite aboɔden abo yɛ ahe?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Hambergite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nnam yiye a ɛwɔ awiei a ɛyɛ nnam, prismatic a efi Tajiki | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Hambergite Bo & Ne Bo

Hambergite aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no bo gu ahorow a egyina ne kɛse so, nanso mpɛn pii no ne bo yɛ den esiane sɛ ɛho yɛ na nti.

Hambergite a ɛwɔ afã horow no bo fi bɛyɛ dɔla 60 kosi bɛboro dɔla 1,300 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ dɔla 40 kosi bɛboro dɔla 26,000 nyinaa ma aboɔden abo a emu duru fi 0.2 kosi 20.13. Hambergite aboɔden abo a wɔde ka ho kɛse no wɔ hɔ a ne bo bɛyɛ dɔla 10 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ ne nyinaa yɛ dɔla 20.

Wubetumi ahu quartz cabochons a hambergite ka ho a ne bo bɛyɛ $2 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ $70 biara.

Hambergite ahwehwɛ ankorankoro biara fi bɛyɛ dɔla 25 kosi dɔla 4,000 a egyina ne kɛse ne ne su so.

Hambergite aboɔden abo nkaa a ɛwɔ afã horow no bo yɛ dɔla 250 kosi dɔla 2,050 biara.

Hambergite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea eye ne sɛ, hambergite aboɔden abo hwɛ yɛ mmerɛw yiye. Ɛwɔ awuduru a ɛba fam esiane borate a ɛwɔ mu nti, nanso kwati sɛ wobɛwe kɛkɛ na ma ɛnware obiara a ebia ɔde bɛhyɛ n’anom (te sɛ mmofra anaa afieboa) ho.

Afei nso, ma hambergite ntwe ne ho mfi acid ho, titiriw hydrofluoric acid, nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho a wɔde nnyigyei a ano yɛ den, nea wɔde tew nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, bleach, ne nnuru a emu yɛ den a wɔde tew nneɛma ho. Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔtaa de di dwuma, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro hambergite ho.

Ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wode ahobammɔ nhyehyɛe gu hambergite nkaa so na woakwati akuturuku a ano yɛ nnam a ɛbɛma abubu wɔ ne mpaapaemu a ɛyɛ pɛ no so.

Ham Up Wo Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano no ne Hambergite!

Ebia hambergite yɛ aboɔden abo a wonnim no pii, nanso saa ɔbo yi wɔ su ahorow pii a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Esiane sɛ hambergite wɔ birefringence a ɛkorɔn ne refractive index nanso ɛyɛ hare nka na ɛyɛ den yiye nti, ɛda nsow sɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ den, a ɛtwetwe adwene a ɛho yɛ na a ɛfata ma nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano biara.

Kɔtɔ hambergite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ anigye nnɛ!