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Ross Sedawie
Ross Sedawie

發佈於26th Apr 2022

修改於2nd Aug 2023

Gypsum Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nsɛm

gypsum aboɔden abo Gypsum aboɔden abo yɛ sulfate a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ hann a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa na ɛyɛ adansi nneɛma a akyɛ sen biara wɔ wiase no mu biako. Nokwarem no, hokwan kɛse wɔ hɔ sɛ gypsum wɔ wo fie afasu no so!

So gypsum yɛ ɔbotan anaa aboɔden abo? Baanu! Ɛte saa, wubetumi ahu gypsum mineral crystals ne abotan a ɛyɛ den (a wɔfrɛ no gypsum abotan). Ɛsan nso yɛ abɔde mu sulfate mineral a abu so sen biara.

Sɛ wunim Mohs mineral hardness scale , ebia wubehu gypsum sɛ gyinapɛn 2-ranking aboɔden abo. Ebia wɔn a wɔpɛ ahwehwɛ ayaresa nim gypsum esiane nea agye din a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, selenite, nti.

Nanso pii wɔ hɔ a ɛma gypsum yɛ ahwehwɛ soronko ne yɛn nnɛyi asetra fã titiriw!

Edu akwankyerɛ yi awiei a, wubehu gypsum no su ne sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, ne bo, ne ahorow, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa. Nea edi kan no, momma yɛnka gypsum aboɔden abo mfitiasesɛm ho asɛm.

gypsum aboɔden abo

Dɛn Ne Gypsum Abo?

Gypsum a ɛsom bo fã bi no taa yɛ aboɔden abo fitaa anaa fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa, ɛwom sɛ efĩ betumi ama ayɛ kɔla ahorow de. Gypsum ahwehwɛ no nsusuwii ahorow no nso gu ahorow saa ara, efi rosette ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ so kosi adum akɛse so. Ebinom mpo wɔ “nsu te sɛ nsu” a ɛma wotumi hu ade yiye.

Nea ɛma aboɔden abo no yɛ anigye no fã bi ne sɛ wobetumi anya bi ntɛm, ogya ntumi nhyew, na ɛnyɛ awuduru. Bere a ɛno wɔ yɛn adwenem no, dɛn na wɔde gypsum bo yɛ? Nea wɔtaa de di dwuma ne nea wɔde yɛ ɔfasu (drywall) ne plaster.

Nneɛma afoforo a wɔde di dwuma a ɛnyɛ aboɔden abo ne:

  • Cement retardant (ɛhwɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ den so) .

  • Asase a wɔde yɛ adwuma

  • Aduan a wɔde ka ho & nneɛma a wɔde yɛ aduan

  • Kɔla a wɔde ka ho ma nnuru a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie ne nnuru

  • Nwi aduru a ɛma nwi yɛ den

  • Nnuru a wɔde kyekyere sẽ

  • Dade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, gypsum yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Aries. Nea ɛka ho no, obiara a ɔpɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ no ani begye nsoromma mu hwɛ ntwahonan gypsum nsusuwso ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ no ho!

Gypsum Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Gypsum a wɔde yɛ no ne CaSO4⋅2H2O, anaasɛ calcium sulfate dihydrate. Nea ɛwom no bɛn anhydrite (CaSO4) yiye, sɛ wɔde nsu ka ho ara kwa. Nanso, gypsum a ɛho tew ho yɛ na koraa, enti mpɛn pii no wubehu sɛ wɔde nneɛma te sɛ anhwea, shale, anaa limestone afra mu, sɛ yɛbɛbobɔ kakraa bi din a.

Wunim sɛ gypsum a ɛyɛ den no di 2 wɔ Mohs nsenia so, nanso ebia wunnim sɛ ebetumi nso anya 1.5-hardness rankings wɔ ahwehwɛ no afã horow bi.

Wɔtaa di mfomso bu gypsum sɛ quartz . Mmara pa biako a wɔde kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda wɔn ntam ne ɔhyew. Sɛ wode wo nsa ka quartz a, ɛyɛ nwini, nanso gypsum yɛ ade a ɛmma mframa nkɔ mu, enti ɛyɛ hyew. Nea ɛka ho no, wubetumi de wo nsateaa nnadewa abɔ gypsum, nanso ɛnyɛ quartz.

Hwɛ gypsum honam fam nneɛma a ɛwɔ ase ha:

  • Mohs denden : 2; Akwankyerɛ ahorow bi betumi ayɛ 1.5

  • Kɔla : Mpɛn pii no, enni kɔla, ɛyɛ fitaa, anaa fitaa; Ebetumi ayɛ tuntum, kɔkɔɔ, bruu, pink, anaa bruu

  • Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

  • Luster : Ɛyɛ waxy, sub-vitreous, vitreous, ahwehwɛ, anaa silky; Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ pearly wɔ cleavages so

  • Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee; Ahorow ahorow bi yɛ opaque

  • Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.52-1.53

  • Nnipa dodow : 2.30-2.33

  • Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ 1-akwankyerɛ mu; Ɛda nsow wɔ akwan 2 so

  • Mpaapaemu : Ɛyɛ granular, conchoidal, anaa splintery

  • Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

  • Luminescence : Ɛtaa yɛ nea ɛyɛ hyew; Mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ SW-UV mu & kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ LW-UV mu; Ebetumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, ahabammono, pink a ɛyɛ hann, fitaa, anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ SW-UV & ahabammono, bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaa borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ wɔ LW-UV mu; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ phosphorescent

  • Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

  • Nsonsonoe abien : 0.009- 0.010

  • Apete : Ɛyɛ den

Ɛno ka nneɛma a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo mu no ho asɛm, nanso gypsum ahorow ahe na ɛwɔ hɔ?

selenite gypsum aboɔden abo Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Selenite cabochon

Gypsum Ahorow Ahorow

Ɛdenam onii a wubebisa no so no, gypsum ahorow abiɛsa anaa anan na ɛwɔ hɔ. Dɛn ne gypsum ahorow anan no?

Gypsum ankasa da nkyɛn a, ahorow afoforo no ne alabaster, selenite, ne satin spar. Nanso, nnipa pii bu satin spar sɛ selenite bi, a yɛbɛpene so ama akwankyerɛ yi. (Sɛ wopɛ satin spar, anhweatam so rose, ne gypsum nhwiren ho nsɛm pii a, kɔ yɛn selenite info akwankyerɛ no so).

Afei, dɛn na ɛma gypsum ahorow biara da nsow?

Selenite a ɛwɔ hɔ

Selenite yɛ nea enni kɔla kosi fitaa, na ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛtaa yɛ tratraa. Ebia saa ahwehwɛ yi wɔ kɔla a efi efĩ mu, nanso dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛwɔ soro nkutoo. Gypsum ntaa nnya afã horow, nanso nhwɛso biara a ɛwɔ afã horow no taa yɛ selenite.

Alabaster na ɛyɛ

Alabaster gypsum yɛ nea ɛwɔ abon, ɛyɛ fɛ, na ɛtaa yɛ fitaa. Ebetumi nso ayɛ pink, bruu, anaa kɔkɔɔ. Saa ɔkwan a ɛyɛ hann yi betumi ayɛ gypsum mineral anaa ɔbotan a gypsum wom. Wɔtaa hu no sɛ abo akɛse, a ayɛ ade a wɔde di adwini mfe mpempem pii.

Woanya mfitiaseɛ no akɔ fam, enti momma yɛnkɔ honhom (ne abakɔsɛm) fã no mu!

selenite gypsum aboɔden abo anhweatam so rose rough nhwɛsode

Gypsum Crystal Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Gypsum yɛ pefeeyɛ ne nsakrae ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Gypsum ahwehwɛ honhom mu ntease nso yɛ ɔsoro ahobammɔ ho.

Wɔ Borɔfo Dedaw mu no, na wɔfrɛ gypsum spærstān , a ɛkyerɛ “peaw bo,” a wɔde ne ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nsensanee te sɛ peaw no din. Asɛmfua “gypsum” no fi Hela kasa mu gypsos, a ɛkyerɛ “wɔhyew” anaa “wɔahyew.” Ná wɔde gypsos di dwuma sɛ asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma plaster, na na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhyew gypsum (wɔde yɛ hyew na ama nsu afi mu) ansa na wɔde ayɛ plaster.

Adanse a edi kan a wonim mprempren sɛ nnipa de gypsum di dwuma no fi 6000 A.Y.B. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ na tete gypsum a wɔde di dwuma nyinaa yɛ adwini, adwini, anaa adansi. Ade biako a ɛka ho ne Amerikafo Ankasa a wɔde gypsum yɛɛ paint fitaa no.

Wɔ afe 3700 A.Y.B., mu no, Misrifo de gypsum yɛɛ Pyramid akɛse no, ne adansi adwuma afoforo. Gypsum adwini nso nyaa nkɔso wɔ Greece, China, ne Mfinimfini Apuei.

Edin “Plaster of Paris” a wɔtaa hu ma gypsum no bae wɔ 1600 mfe no mu.

London Ogya no awerɛhosɛm akyi no, Franse hene Louis XIV de gypsum plaster a wɔde siw ogya ano no dii dwuma. Saa nsakrae yi ne gypsum a ɛho hia a wɔde asie wɔ Montmartre no na ɛmaa wɔtoo din Parisfo.

Wɔ nnɛyi mmere yi mu no, Hollywood siniyɛfo a wodi kan no de gypsum su a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no dii dwuma de yɛɛ sukyerɛmma a ɛtɔ gu fam no ho mfonini, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde fraa atoko a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Gypsum a ogya ntumi nkɔ mu na ɛnyɛ awuduru no maa ɛyɛɛ nea ahobammɔ wom sen kan mfiri a wɔde yɛ sukyerɛmma te sɛ kotoku ne asbestos.

Sɛ yefi sini mu kɔ ahintasɛm kɛse so a, dɛn ne ayaresa a ɛwɔ gypsum mu?

selenite gypsum aboɔden abo mprɛte a wɔakyerɛw so a ɛsa yareɛ

Gypsum Ayaresa Nneɛma

Aboɔden abo nyinaa, a gypsum ka ho, betumi ayɛ adwuma sɛ abo a ɛda nsow a ɛsa yare . Te sɛ ahwehwɛ fitaa afoforo , gypsum betumi ama honhom mu nyane ne nhumu tebea horow a ɛkorɔn ayɛ mmerɛw. Saa ara nso na gypsum nso yɛ chakra ɔbo kɛse ma honhom mu ɔsorokɔ mfinimfini: abotiri chakra!

Saa ahwehwɛ yi ho hia ma ahwehwɛ ayaresa kit biara. Akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ selenite gypsum a wɔde di dwuma no mu nea agye din sen biara ne sɛ adwinnade a wɔde tew ahwehwɛ afoforo ho, nanso ɛyɛ ɔbo a ɛbɔ ho ban a ɛyɛ anigye.

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ gypsum ma nyarewa te sɛ nkwaa mu yaw, yafunu mu nsɛm, ne tiyɛ fi hɔ. Ebinom nso de di dwuma de ma honam ani yɛ den na ɛyɛ mmerantebere.

Chinafo atetesɛm mu nnuruyɛfo de ahwehwɛ no di dwuma de dwo tebea horow a ɛfa ɔhyew ho te sɛ atiridiinini, ɔhyew, nsu a ɛtɔ, ne ɔfe.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Gypsum crystal so ba wɔn a wɔte nka sɛ wɔnyɛ hwee anaasɛ wɔpɛ sɛ wɔkanyan wɔn pii wɔ asetra mu no so mfaso. Wogye di sɛ eyi ɔbrɛ ho nkate fi hɔ, ɛboa ma wote nea ɛresiw wo kwan no ase, na ɛhyɛ nsusuwii foforo ho nkuran.

Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, gypsum boa ma ahoɔden kɔ yiye, na ɛma wo kwan ma wosakra wo da biara da denam w’adwene a wobɛsakra no so.

gypsum selenite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Gypsum Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Aboɔden abo biara wɔ nneɛma bi a ɛka ne botae bo a ɛsom, a ɛho hia na ama wɔaboa adetɔfo ma wɔatɔ nneɛma nyansam.

Wɔ wɔn a wɔpɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde yɛ agude fam no, so wɔde gypsum di dwuma wɔ agude mu? Ntaa nsi. Baako ne sɛ, ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na ma ɛyɛ nwonwa. Bio nso, sɛnea ɔbo no yɛ mmerɛw no ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔde agude bedi dwuma. Nanso, akwan bi wɔ hɔ a wɔfa so yɛ gypsum agude, na nneɛma a wɔde siesie fie no yɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ fɛ saa ara!

Wɔ agude anaa nneɛma a wɔde siesie hɔ ho no, nneɛma a ɛsom bo wɔ gypsum ho ne kɔla, nea wɔatwitwa, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne sɛnea wɔde sa yare.

Ahosuo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na gypsum kɔla yɛ mmerɛw na ebetumi ada marble anaa banding nsusuwso adi. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama wɔanya kɔla ahorow a ɛtwetwe adwene kɛse, te sɛ kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, anaa kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ nwunu a dade oxides de ba no. Esiane sɛ ahwehwɛ a enni kɔla na abu so kɛse nti, mpɛn pii no, kɔla a ɛhyerɛn no bɛyɛ nea ɛsom bo kɛse.

Twa

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ gypsum abo a wɔatwitwa no afã horow nni hɔ, ɛwom sɛ ebia wubehu selenite bi a ɛwɔ afã horow de. Ebia wubehu gypsum nhwɛsode ahorow a wɔannoa anaa cabochons wɔ asomuade anaasɛ nhama a wɔde abɔ mu.

Mpɛn pii no, wodi alabaster ahorow no ma ɛyɛ ahoni anaa nneɛma a wɔde siesie fie. Sɛnea ɛyɛ mmerɛw no kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi de nnua adwuma mpo adi dwuma de adi adwini.

Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no pefee

Ahwehwɛ ne abopon a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse, titiriw nea emu da hɔ te sɛ nsu biara betumi ama ne bo akɔ soro sen asinasin a mununkum wom.

Ayaresa & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma

Wobetumi de kɔla ayɛ gypsum, ayɛ fitaa, ayɛ no hyew, anaasɛ wɔde akata so de asesa ne kɔla anaasɛ ama ne kyɛ. Wɔtaa de kɔla gu alabaster so, efisɛ ne porosity no gye kɔla yiye. Nokwarem no, wɔtɔn alabaster bi a wɔayɛ ho adwuma sɛ ade a ne bo nyɛ den a wɔde besi marble ananmu.

Bere a wɔnyɛ gypsum biara a wɔayɛ sɛ wɔmfa nni dwuma no, ebia wɔde ɔbo no bɛka nneɛma afoforo ho de asuasua aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo kɛse te sɛ nyankontɔn ɔsram abo .

gypsum aboɔden abo ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ calcite rough nhwɛsode so

Gypsum Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Gypsum yɛ evaporite, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ nsuo mu a ɛnam nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew so na ɛba.

Sɛ nsu a calcium ne sulfate pii wom no yɛ hyew a, egyaw saa nneɛma yi wɔ nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam mu, na saa adeyɛ yi san yɛ bio. Bere kɔɔ so no, nhyɛso ne ɔhyew maa saa nsu a ɛtɔe yi danee gypsum. Mpɛn pii no, limestone nwene esiane ogya bepɔw mu sulphuric acid a ɛde ba nti, na gypsum yɛ ade a ɛka ho.

Gypsum dodow no ara fii ase yɛɛ mfe ɔpepem 100-200 a atwam ni, bere a ɛpo ne atare a ɛkata Asase so no fii ase sɛee no. Mpɛn pii no wubehu gypsum wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ akɛse a ɛda mpa so a kan no na ɛyɛ nsu mu.

Wɔ saa nkyerɛwde no so no, ɛhe na wohu gypsum?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Gypsum wɔ nneɛma a wɔde asie wɔ aman bɛboro 90 so. Abakɔsɛm mu no, na Nova Scotia, Canada, wɔ mmeae a wɔde nneɛma pii asie no mu biako. Ɛnnɛ, Amerika Atifi fam ne Spain yɛ aman a ɛda nsow sɛ wɔyɛ alabaster, bere a Italy ne England yɛ aman titiriw a wɔyɛ alabaster. Mpɔtam bi a agye din ne Mexico gypsum ahwehwɛ ɔbodan kɛse a wɔfrɛ no “Crystals Abodan.”

Wubehu gypsum a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo nso wɔ:

  • Australia

  • Chile

  • China

  • Czech Republic na ɛwɔ hɔ

  • Egypt

  • Germany

  • Peru

  • Russia

  • USA (Nea ne fã kɛse no ara yɛ California, Iowa, Nevada, Oklahoma, ne Texas)

Nea ɛnte sɛ abo dodow no ara no, gypsum a wɔtɔn no ɔha biara mu nkyem 80 kɔ ɔman koro no ara a wɔyɛɛ abo no mu. Sɛ yɛreka adetɔn ho asɛm a, so gypsum ahwehwɛ som bo?

selenite gypsum aboɔden abo a wɔasen no spiral

Gypsum Bo & Ne Bo

Nea eye ne sɛ, gypsum yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ den yiye. Wubetumi ahu nhwɛsode akɛse a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, na nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodow no ara nnu dɔla 10. Ebia kɔla a ɛyɛ rough no bɛkɔ soro kakra wɔ bɛyɛ $20-$40.

Gypsum ahwehwɛ dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no yɛ selenite, a mpɛn pii no ne nyinaa fi $1-$30. Selenites a ne bo yɛ den no yɛ ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛyɛ soronko te sɛ sare so nhwiren a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ebetumi adu dɔla 1,700.

Nneɛma titiriw pii te sɛ poma, kurukuruwa, anaa nnuadewa abo taa fi $2-$20 a egyina ne kɛse ne sɛnea ɛda adi so. Ebia nwene a ɛyɛ nwonwa bo bɛkɔ soro a egyina adwinni a wɔhwehwɛ so.

Gypsum Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Esiane sɛ gypsum no nyɛ den pii na ɛpaapae pɛpɛɛpɛ nti, ɛho hia sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye hwɛ aboɔden abo . Gypsum abo bi wɔ elastic (bendable) tenacity, nanso afoforo nso bɛbubu bere a wɔbɔ denneennen.

So gypsum nwene wɔ nsu mu? Ɛyɛ nea ɛtumi nwura nsuo mu kakra, nanso nokwarem no, ɛbɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ den pii bere a ɛyɛ hyew no. Gypsum ahwehwɛ ketewaa bi bɛpete nkakrankakra bere a ɛde ne ho ahyɛ nsu a wɔrekanyan no mu, nanso ɛrennwene pii wɔ nsu a ɛrefɔw mu.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohohoro gypsum aboɔden abo ho a, fa ntama a ɛyɛ nwini kakra a wode acetone kronkron anaa nsa (nsu biara nni mu) mu popa so yiye sikɔne kakraa bi. Afei, fa ntama a ɛho tew na ɛyɛ nwunu bɔ no brɛoo ma ɛnyow. Kwati sɛ wobɛhohoro wo ho. Wubetumi nso de mframa a wɔahyɛ no den toa bi abɔ nneɛma a asɛe anaa mfutuma afi hɔ.

Ma wo gypsum aboɔden abo no nkɔ akyiri fi:

  • Nsu, titiriw nsuonwini anaa nkyene nsu (ɔbo a ɛyɛ hyew) .

  • Ɔhyew, a mfiri a wɔde tew nneɛma ho ka ho (ɔbo dan mununkum) .

  • Owia hann a ɛkyɛ (ɛtew ɔbo a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, ne kɔla, ne ne hyerɛn so) .

  • Acids, titiriw hydrochloric acid (ɔbo a ɛyɛ hyew) .

  • Asase (ɔbo a ɛyɛ hyew) .

Fa gypsum sie akyirikyiri fi aboɔden abo afoforo ho wɔ ntama kotoku a ɛyɛ mmerɛw mu, sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, wɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a ɛhɔ nwini nnu ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 na ɛhɔ yɛ hyew 55-72°C (13-22°C).

gypsum selenite aboɔden abo ahwehwɛ

Woasiesie Wo Ho sɛ Wobɛfa Gypsum?

Ɛwom mpo sɛ wɔde gypsum dodow no ara di dwuma sɛ adansi ade — ɛbɛyɛ sɛ afasu a ɛwɔ w’ankasa fie ka ho — nanso ɛnsɛ sɛ wobu w’ani gu n’ahoɔfɛ sɛ aboɔden abo so.

Gypsum ahwehwɛ anaa adwini fɛfɛ bi a ɛwɔ w’atenae no bɛma ɔhyew, anigye, ne ɔsoro hann ahyɛ dan no ne wo honhom no nyinaa ma.

Worehwehwɛ ɔsoro ahwehwɛ a ɛho tew? Kɔtɔ gypsum aboɔden abo nnɛ!


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Hackmanite yɛ sodalite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ pink kosi violet a wonim no sɛ ne kɔla-sesa ne hann soronko. Sua nea enti a hackmanite yɛ soronko, efi ne su ahorow a ɛntaa nsi so kosi hackmanite agude ahorow a ɛwɔ hɔ so.

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Amber yɛ tete dua a wɔatutu fam ayɛ, a mpɛn pii no afifide wɔ mu, a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ-akutu na ɛyɛ mfe mpempem pii. Sua amber abakɔsɛm, ne bo, ne ne su!

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Apatite yɛ phosphate aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ nwonwa a ɛyɛ bruu kosi ahabammono a wɔtaa hu wɔ Madagascar, a agye din sɛ ɛde pefeeyɛ ne nokware ba. Hwehwɛ apatite mineral ne ayaresa ahoɔden mu wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu!

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Senarmonite yɛ antimony aboɔden abo a ɛnyɛ nea wɔtaa de di dwuma kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma mu nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔboaboa ano sɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu anaasɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ. Hwehwɛ senarmonite su ahorow, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, ne bo, ne abakɔsɛm nyinaa.

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Tantalite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, bruu, anaa tuntum kuw bi a element a ɛho yɛ na na ɛsom bo a wɔfrɛ no tantalum wom. Hwehwɛ sɛnea wɔde tantalite aboɔden abo di dwuma, abakɔsɛm, ne bo, ne ne su wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu!

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