Green Sapphire Gemstone: Nkyerɛaseɛ, Nneɛma, Botaeɛ & Ne Su
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ safir aboɔden abo bi a wohu wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ ahabammono mu, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ ngodua kɔla. Abɔde mu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔansiesie no ho yɛ na kakra nanso wonnim no yiye, enti ɛnyɛ den dodo sɛ wobenya.
Wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu no, safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono ayeforohyia nkaa afi ase reyɛ nea agye din a ɛnyɛ daimond a wɔde si ananmu . So safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono bo yɛ den sen abohene? Dabi, mfaso titiriw biako ne sɛ ne bo yɛ den koraa sen diamond.
So safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono ye? Yiw, wɔyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ a ɛwɔ ntade ahorow ahorow, a teal, kɔla abien, ne nea ɛsakra kɔla mpo ka ho.
W’ani agye ho de besi nnɛ? Twɛn na sua green sapphire bo, agyapade, ntease, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa!
Ɛfa Green Sapphire Stone ho
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ “safir a ɛyɛ fɛ,” asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma ɔkwan biara a ɛnyɛ bruu. Saa safir yi wɔ pastel kosi tuntum, a kɔla ahorow te sɛ mint, ngodua, ne kwae, sɛ yɛbɛbobɔ kakraa bi din a.
They’re not as popular as blue sapphires , nanso brand Boadicea the Victorious yii nnuhuam a ɛyɛ fɛ adi wɔ afe 2016 mu a wɔfrɛ no “Green Sapphire.”
Sapphire yɛ September awobo , Taurus zodiac ɔbo, ne atetesɛm mu ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 5, 45, ne 75 abohene. Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ nsoromma bo ma Mercury a edi nkitahodi ne adwene so.
Safir nyinaa yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo , nanso safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono betumi ayɛ sɛ aboɔden abo foforo a ɛsom bo: emerald.
Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Emerald
Green Sapphire ne Emerald ntam asɛm
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono betumi ayɛ sɛ emerald , na ɛtɔ mmere bi mpo a wɔtɔn no ɔkwan a ɛdaadaa so sɛ “Apuei Fam Emerald.” Nanso, nsonsonoe atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ:
Nnomaa ahorow : Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ corundum bere a emerald yɛ beryl .
Hardness : Green sapphire di 9 wɔ Mohs nsenia so bere a emerald di 7.5 kosi 8.
Sɛnea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ : Emeralds taa bubu anaasɛ ɛpaapae kɛse.
Kɔla : Mpɛn pii no, safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono nyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso pii na ne kɔla yɛ nea ɛda adi pefee.
Ɛda adi pefee : Emerald taa nya nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu kɛse.
Bo : Emerald bo yɛ den sen saa.
Bere a agyapade ahorow wɔ yɛn adwenem no, momma yɛnkɔhyɛ green sapphire mineralogy mu.
Green Sapphire Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow
Safir ne rubi na ɛyɛ corundum abusua a ɛyɛ aluminium oxide aboɔden abo. Corundum a ɛho tew no nni kɔla . Nneɛma a ɛyɛ ahabammono fi dade, titanium, ne/anaasɛ vanadium a wɔaka abom mu. Titanium ne dade pii kyerɛ bruu, bere a dade pii sen titanium kyerɛ kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono.
Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu sɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ ankasa?
Wubetumi de aboɔden abo ho nnwinnade a ɛfata ahu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a efi abɔde mu ne nea wɔayɛ . Wɔ spectrometer ase no, wubehu absorption spectrum lines wɔ 4500, 4600, ne 4700 wɔ abɔde mu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono mu. Wubehu nkyerɛwde a ɛwɔ 5300 ne 6870 wɔ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔayɛ mu.
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono binom da nsoromma mu hwɛ adi, ade a wotumi hu a ɛma hann a ɛdannan no hann a ɛte sɛ nsoromma ba. Nneɛma bi a wɔde ka ho (diaspore anaa rutile akuwakuw a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ) na ɛde nkɛntɛnso no ba. Nanso, nsoromma mu hwɛ ntaa mma wɔ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono, borɔdɔma, ne kɔkɔɔ mu.
Green sapphire mineral data ho nsɛm a wɔaka abom ni:
Mohs a ɛyɛ den : 9
Kɔla : Nneɛma a ɛyɛ ahabammono; Ebia ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, bruu, ne/anaasɛ bruu a ɛwɔ ase; Kɔla-zoning abu so; Abo a ɛsakra kɔla na ɛwɔ kɔla abien ho yɛ na
Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Ahinanan (afã abiɛsa) .
Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ) kosi adamantine
Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee
Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.76-1.77
Nnipa dodow : 3.98-4.10
Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ
Akisikuru : Conchoidal
Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa
Luminescence : Fluorescence a ɛwɔ synthetics nkutoo mu - orange a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ LW-UV mu, dull brownish-red wɔ SW-UV mu
Pleochroism : Ɛwɔ hɔ & ɛyɛ den yiye wɔ ahabammono a emu yɛ den kosi kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono mu
Nsonsonoe abien : 0.008-0.009
Optical effects : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a asterism
Ntrɛwmu : 0.018
Sɛ “nsoromma” safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ asteriated da nkyɛn a, subtypes pii wɔ hɔ.
Green Sapphire Ahorow Ahorow
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono wɔ ahorow bi a ɛda nsow:
Green Sapphire a Ɛsakra Kɔla
Aboɔden abo a ɛsakra kɔla dan kɔ kɔla ahorow so wɔ kanea ahorow ase, mpɛn pii no awia hann ne hann a ɛyɛ hyew.
Safir a ɛsakra kɔla nyinaa ho yɛ na. Dodow no ara fi bruu so kɔ violet so, nanso nea ɛntaa nsi mpo da adi sɛ ahabammono wɔ awia hann mu na ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri wɔ hann a ɛyɛ hyew mu.
Adeɛ a ɛsom boɔ paa ma saa aboɔden aboɔ yi ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ kɔla-sesa no mu (kyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛ, ɛyɛ mmerɛ, anaa ɛyɛ den).
Safire a Ɛyɛ Kɔla Abien a Ɛwɔ Kɔla Abien
Wɔfrɛ safir a ɛwɔ nipadua kɔla abien a wotumi hu prɛko pɛ sɛ safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abien, kɔla abien, kɔla fã bi, anaa kɔla ahorow pii. Saa nkɛntɛnso yi fi kɔla ahorow a wɔde kyekyɛ mu.
Safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abien ho yɛ na koraa. Kɔla abien a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne ahabammono ne kɔkɔɔ. Wɔn a wɔntaa nhu no yɛ bruu ne kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔla abiɛsa.
Wɔn a eye sen biara no wɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛsono emu biara a wɔatew wɔn ho afi mfinimfini ne kɔla bruu kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛntaa nsi. Nanso, safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abiɛsa na ɛsom bo sen biara.
Kenya na ɛyɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛwɔ kɔla abien sen biara (na ne bo yɛ den sen biara).
Wobetumi de safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abien a ɛyɛ bruu ne ahabammono afrafra teal safir.
Teal Safir a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
Teal sapphires, anaa bruu-ahabammono sapphires, wɔ bruu ne ahabammono a ɛwɔ hɔ titiriw a wɔadi afra, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛwɔ ase kɔla kɔkɔɔ. Saa safir kɔla yi agye din kɛse wɔ nnansa yi mfe mu.
Nsonsonoe titiriw a ɛda eyinom ne safir bruu ne ahabammono a ɛwɔ kɔla abien ntam ne sɛ wɔde teal safir kɔla ahorow afrafra, na ɛnyɛ nea wɔakyekyɛ mu pefee.
Sɛnea bruu ne ahabammono yɛ pɛ no betumi ayɛ soronko wɔ nhwɛsode ahorow mu. Subtype biako a agye din a wɔtaa de frafra sapphires a ɛwɔ kɔla abien ne mermaid sapphires , a ɛwɔ ahabammono ne bruu a ɛyɛ 50-50. Wɔsan frɛ Mermaid sapphires sɛ peacock sapphires, na dodow no ara fi Montana, U.S.A.
Teal sapphires, titiriw peacock anaa mermaid su no betumi ayɛ te sɛ Paraiba tourmalines . Nanso, Paraiba tourmalines yɛ neon kɛse na ɛnyɛ nea ɛdɔɔso pii sen mermaid sapphires a emu yɛ den kɛse no.
Nea ɛda nsow ne sɛ, teal safir bo nyɛ den koraa sen atoko nhwiren bruu, Kashmir bruu, anaa Padparadscha safir a ne bo yɛ den no .
Wunim ahorow ahorow no nyinaa, enti afei yɛbɛbubu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono no sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so.
Green Sapphire Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono kura safir sɛnkyerɛnnede a ɛkɔ akyiri — nokware, ahobammɔ, ne adamfofa — nanso ɛyɛ awo foforo ne mfiase foforo nso ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Bio nso, wogye di sɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono gyina hɔ ma Abɔde Maame ɔsoro ahoɔden a ɛsen fa abɔde a nkwa wom nyinaa mu — a wɔtaa frɛ no “Nkwa Tumi.”
Teal safir yɛ biakoyɛ ho sɛnkyerɛnne, na ɛka kwae ne ɛpo mu ahoɔden bom. Wogyina hɔ ma adwene mu pefeeyɛ ne abusuabɔ a ɛda wɔne afoforo ntam nso.
Abakɔsɛm
Wɔahu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛda nsow wɔ wiase nyinaa bere a bere kɔ so no.
Wɔn a wotu sika kɔkɔɔ wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Missouri Asubɔnten no na wohuu safir a edi kan a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo wɔ Montana wɔ 1865 mu. Bere a “Fancy Montana Sapphires” pii wɔ hɔ no, kɔla a ɛdɔɔso sen biara ne bruu-ahabammono a ɛyɛ hann.
Efi 1960 mfe no mu no, Australia abɛyɛ safir fibea titiriw. Dodow no ara yɛ bruu, nanso kakraa bi a wɔntaa nhu no yɛ kɔla abien a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne ahabammono anaa kɔkɔɔ ne bruu. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ nea ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne ahabammono no “wattle” safir wɔ ɔman nhwiren no din mu.
Wohuu Songea safir a edi kan wɔ Tanzania wɔ 1992. Eyinom fi Songea akorae, na wonim wɔn sɛ wɔn kɔla yɛ nwonwa. Nanso, wofii ase tutuu safir wɔ Tanzania bɛyɛ WWII awiei.
Wɔ 1998 mu no, safir akorae kɛse bi bae wɔ Madagascar . Madagascar safir yi agye din wɔ ne kɛse, ne su a ɛkorɔn, ne kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛwɔ mu no ho.
Sɛ yɛsakra fi fagude so kɔ metaphysical so a, dɛn na wɔde safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono di dwuma?
Green Sapphire Ayaresa Nneɛma
Te sɛ aboɔden abo biara no, safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono betumi ayɛ ɔbo a ɛsa yare . Saa ahwehwɛ yi ka aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono ho wɔ ahoɔden, mfiase foforo, ne abusuabɔ a ɛda Asase ntam no mu.
Plus, both pink and green gems like green sapphire are great heart chakra stones , bue saa ahoɔden mfinimfini yi de ɔdɔ kɛse ne gye a wogye brɛ wo.
Nipadua mu Ayaresa
Wɔ honam fam no, mfaso horow a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono so no bi ne ɔhaw ahorow a wɔde:
Anisoadehunu
Dae a wɔkae
Asoroben
Wora a ɛyɛ mmerɛw
Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu
Nkate mu Ayaresa
Wɔka sɛ wɔ nkate fam no, safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono ma wotumi yɛ mmerɛw kɛse na wote nneɛma ase. Ebia wɔbɛboa ma wɔakari pɛ wɔ nkate mu na wɔahwɛ wɔn ho. Crystal ayaresafo nso kamfo saa crystal yi kyerɛ sɛ ɛhyɛ wo nkuran sɛ kɔ so di wo botae ahorow no so.
Green Sapphire Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ
Green sapphire bo gyina ɔbo no kɔla, ne twitwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, carat mu duru, ayaresa, ne mfiase (abɔde mu vs. synthetic).
Ahosuo
Kɔla yɛ nea edi kan ma safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde hyɛ mu. Safir kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono a abu so sen biara ne ngodua, nanso kɔla ahorow gu ahorow. Nnyigyei a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ ase no yɛ bruu, kɔkɔɔ, anaa bruu.
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a eye sen biara no wɔ ɛnne a ɛyɛ hare kosi mfinimfini a ɛwɔ saturation a ɛhyerɛn na kɔla kyekyɛ yɛ pɛ. Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum no bo nyɛ den efisɛ ɛma hyerɛn ne pleochroism no brɛ ase.
Sɛnea yɛadi kan aka ho asɛm no, teal sapphires nso agye din, na wobu mermaid anaa peacock sapphires 50-50 no sɛ ɛsom bo sen biara. Safir a ɛntaa nsi a ɛsakra kɔla anaasɛ ɛwɔ kɔla abien no ho yɛ na koraa na ɛsom bo.
Twa
The best cuts for green sapphire are high-quality faceted cuts , a amanne kwan so nsusuwii anaasɛ fancy cuts fetching top prices (nanso nso kyerɛ sparkle yiye). Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wubenya ntwitwiridii a ɛyɛ papa wɔ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono mu sen safir a ɛyɛ pink anaa bruu.
Safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abien yɛ anifere kakra, efisɛ ɛsɛ sɛ lapidarist no paw nea wɔatwa ne nea ɛkyerɛ kwan na ama wɔada kɔla ahorow no adi yiye.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wotwitwa nsoromma safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono sɛ cabochons . Nneɛma a ɛba fam nso betumi abɛyɛ cabochons anaa adwini.
Ɛda adi pefee
Sapphires wɔ Type II kɔla aboɔden abo a emu da hɔ grade , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ kwan sɛ wɔde nneɛma nketenkete bi a wotumi hu bɛka ho.
Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka ho no bi ne:
Ntrɛwmu a ɛyɛ ahinanan a enyin
Nsateaa nkyerɛwee
Zircon ahwehwɛ, a mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ “halo” a ɛpaapae a ɛyɛ sum
Ahwehwɛ ahorow (sɛ nhwɛso no, garnet , hematite , corundum, spinel) .
Kɔla ahorow a wɔahyehyɛ (mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, bruu, anaa nea enni kɔla) .
Nneɛma a emu da hɔ yiye ho hia kɛse wɔ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ne kɔla yɛ hare mu, efisɛ ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wubehu nneɛma a wɔde ka ho.
Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono dodow no ara mu duru yɛ carat 2 anaa nea ennu saa, enti ne bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biara ho no betumi akɔ soro kɛse bere a emu duru kɔ soro no.
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛwɔ kɔla abien na ɛsakra kɔla taa yɛ nketewa, na abo akɛse na ɛhyɛ bo a ɛkorɔn.
Ayaresa & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Nneɛma
Ɔhyew a wɔde sa safir a safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono ka ho no abu so yiye na ama kɔla ne nea emu da hɔ atu mpɔn. Nhwehwɛmu bi daa no adi sɛ, sɛ wɔde safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ hyew wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu a, ɛma ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ.
Nanso, ɛnyɛ bere nyinaa na eyi te saa. Safir a rutile pii ka ho no betumi adan bruu-ahabammono a emu dɔ bere a wɔayɛ no hyew pɛn no.
Mframa a wɔde ma a ɛwɔ lab no betumi ama safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔayɛ no anya kɔla a ɛyɛ amber a ɛho ntew. Mframa a wɔde bɔ mframa bɔne no ntaa mma.
Mpɛn pii no, safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔayɛ no yɛ nea mfomso biara nni ho na ne bo nyɛ den.
Nanso ɔkwan bɛn so na abɔde mu safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yɛ?
Green Sapphire Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma
Corundum abo te sɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono na ɛba wɔ abotan a ɛyɛ metamorphic anaa igneous mu.
Wɔ abotan a ogya wom mu no, ɔbo no yɛ ahwehwɛ bere a ɔbotan no dwo fi magma mu no. Mmere a ɛma onwini kyɛ no ma ahwehwɛ akɛse ba. Ɛsɛ sɛ ogya botan no yɛ nea aluminium pii wom na silica nni mu, te sɛ nepheline syenites.
Wɔ abotan a ɛsakra mu no, ahwehwɛ no taa ba bere a tete po ase dan fi nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a aluminium pii wom mu no.
Mpɛn pii no, abotan a ɛkura safir no sɛe, na ɛma nsu tumi de aboɔden abo no kɔ mmeae a nsu a ɛtɔ te sɛ nsubɔnten.
Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo dodow no ara fi:
Australia
Ethiopia (teal safir) .
Madagascar
Montana, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ
Nigeria (teal safir) .
Sri Lanka na ɛwɔ hɔ
Tanzania na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wonim Australia ne Thailand sɛ wɔyɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a emu dɔ.
Safir a ɛwɔ kɔla abien fibea titiriw ne Montana, Kenya, ne Australia, ɛwom sɛ Thailand nso yɛ bi de. Safir a ɛsakra kɔla fi Tanzania ne Madagascar titiriw.
Sɛ yɛde fibea ahorow to nkyɛn a, dɛn bo yɛ safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono?
Green Sapphire Bo & Ne Bo
Green sapphire bo gu ahorow gyina ɔbo no su ne nea ebetumi ayɛ soronko (kyerɛ sɛ, kɔla abien ne kɔla a ɛsakra).
Safire a ɛyɛ ahabammono bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biara ho wɔ afã horow a ɛyɛ papa ho ne:
Ɛkɔ carat 1 : $20 kosi $150 wɔ carat biara mu
Carat 1 anaa nea ɛboro saa : $30 kosi $250 wɔ carat biara mu
Safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛsakra kɔla bo ne:
0.5 kosi 1 carat : $120 kosi $3,000 wɔ carat biara mu
Carat 1 kosi 7 : $300 kosi $5,000 wɔ carat biara mu
Sɛ wɔkyekyem pɛpɛɛpɛ a, faceted teal sapphires bo ne:
1 carat : $100 kosi $300 wɔ carat biara mu
2 carats : $300 kosi $500 wɔ carat biara mu
3 carats : $600 kosi $800 wɔ carat biara mu
4 carats : $800 kosi $1,200 wɔ carat biara mu
5 carats : $1,000 kosi $1,500 wɔ carat biara mu
Nsoromma a ɛyɛ ahabammono safir nya $100-$300 wɔ carat biara mu bere a ɛyɛ 0.5-1 carat ne $100-$500 wɔ carat biara mu bere a ɛyɛ 1-5 carat.
Green Sapphire Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei
Nea eye ne sɛ, aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ma safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono no yɛ tẽẽ. Ɛsɛ sɛ abo a efi abɔde mu a wɔansiesie no tra hɔ nkwa nna nyinaa bere a wɔhwɛ so yiye no. Abo a ɛka ho kɛse anaasɛ abubu no bɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse.
Wubetumi ahyɛ ɔbo no da biara da, ɛwom sɛ ebia wobɛpɛ sɛ wode nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo ho ban ma safir mpɛtea a ɛyɛ ahabammono de.
Fa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne nsu a ɛyɛ hyew hohoro safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono ho. Fa sie wɔ ɔkwan soronko so fi aboɔden abo afoforo ho. Ma ɛntra nnuru a ano yɛ den ho na yi agude ansa na woayɛ nneɛma a emu yɛ den.
Ma Green Light no mma Green Sapphire!
Wonnim safir a ɛyɛ ahabammono yiye, nanso ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nea wɔhwehwɛ no ama nneɛma bo akɔ fam kakra na nneɛma a wɔde ma no akɔ soro. Nea ɛka ho no, safire a ɛyɛ ahabammono sunsuma bi wɔ hɔ ma atirimpɔw ne nipasu biara — efi mints a ɛyɛ anigye ne nea ɛyɛ foforo so kosi ngodua a ɛyɛ komm so kosi kwae mu kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ asase so so, akyinnye biara nni ho sɛ wubenya safire a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ pɛ ama wo!
搜尋Gemstone Encyclopedia
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How To's is where you will find helpful articles from gem Rock Auctions on how to cut gemstones, select gemstones and buy gemstones.
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