Goethite Aboɔden abo: Agyapadeɛ, Nkyerɛaseɛ, Botaeɛ & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Goethite yɛ dade a ɛwɔ hematite ho a wɔtaa hu wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo mu . So goethite ho yɛ na anaasɛ abu so? Goethite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛdɔɔso na ɛyɛ iron oxide aboɔden abo a abu so sen biara. Ɛsan nso yɛ ade a ɛtaa ba dade a ɛyɛ nwunu mu.

Goethite te dɛn? Ahwehwɛ no betumi ayɛ bruu, kɔkɔɔ, anaa kɔkɔɔ, ɛwom sɛ kɔla dodow no ara wɔ ase bruu sɛ ɛnyɛ bruu koraa a. Mpɛn pii no wubehu ɛnne a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ ahwehwɛ nketewa mu ne ɛnne a ɛyɛ tumm wɔ ahwehwɛ akɛse mu.

Wopɛ sɛ wuhu pii? Saa akwankyerɛ yi bɛhyɛ wo ma wɔ biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa goethite aboɔden abo, ne bo, ayaresa ahoɔden, ne nea ɛkeka ho!

Dɛn Ne Goethite Ahwehwɛ?

Goethite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi a wɔtaa hu sɛ wɔanyin ayɛ aboɔden abo afoforo, mpɛn pii no sɛ nea wɔde ka ho . Nhwɛso biako a wɔtaa yɛ ne goethite a ɛwɔ amethyst , a ɛma ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a afã horow yɛ kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma, anaa bruu. Ebia wɔbɛfrɛ saa amethyst goethite abo yi cacoxenite amethyst, nanso nea ɛka ho no nyɛ cacoxenite (dade phosphate mineral).

Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ goethite no bi ne:

• Götheite / Götifoɔ

• Allcharite na ɛyɛ adwuma

• Dade a Ɛyɛ Bruu / Brauneisenerz (German kasa) .

• Conchilitefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Chileit na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Fullonitefoɔ

• Mesabite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Ehrenwerthitefo a wɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Przibramite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Yanthosiderite a wɔde di dwuma

• Hematite a ɛyɛ bruu

• Dade a ɛyɛ bruu / Braun-Eisenstein (German kasa) .

Ɛmfa ho din kakraa bi a etwa to a yɛabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no, goethite ne dade abo anaa hematite nyɛ ade koro . Ɛno akyi no, goethite a wɔde di dwuma no pii te sɛ hematite a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu — a ɛne sɛ, wɔde di dwuma sɛ dade ne nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ aduru fibea.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, goethite yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo a ɛyɛ anigye ma Aries.

Wɔ nyansahu fã no, dɛn ne goethite mineral no na wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu?

Goethite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ dade oxide hydroxide aboɔden abo no, goethite nsusuiɛ ne FeO(OH), ɛtɔ da bi a wɔkyerɛw no sɛ α-Fe3+O(OH). Manganese yɛ efĩ a abu so, na dade a ɛwɔ goethite mu no taa yɛ ferric iron (Fe3).

Goethite wɔ diaspore kuw a ɛyɛ dade oxyhydroxides a ɛwɔ orthorhombic ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe ahorow no mu. Afoforo a wɔka ho ne diaspore (nokwarem no), groutite, tsumgallite, montroseite, ne bracewellite.

Goethite ahwehwɛ su a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara no bi ne stalactites a ɛyɛ iridescent ne ahwehwɛ tuntum a ɛyɛ akuwakuw a ɛhyerɛn. Nneɛma afoforo bi ne ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ adum, a ɛyɛ nsensanee, ne botryoidal (a ɛte sɛ bobe akuwakuw).

Sɛ woresusuw magnetism ho a, goethite yɛ magnetic nanso ɛyɛ mmerɛw nkutoo.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu goethite? Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa yɛ basaa ne hematite (Fe2O3). Hematite taa yɛ kɔkɔɔ bere a goethite taa yɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ. Afei nso, hematite yɛ den kakra, na ɛwɔ 5.5-6.5 wɔ Mohs mineral hardness scale so .

Sɛ wowɔ spectrometer , wubetumi ahwɛ absorption lines mu ahwɛ sɛ wohu. Goethite ankasa bɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtwetwe wɔ 420, 480, 600, ne 920nm. Hematite nhama a ɛtwetwe no wɔ 520, 650, ne 880nm.

Goethite agyapade a aka no ni:

• Mohs denden : 5-5.5

• Kɔla : Kɔla, bruu, tuntum, borɔdɔma, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, bruu-tuntum, dwetɛ

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Adamantine, silky, dade, anaasɛ dull

• Transparency : Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ hann

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 2.26 kosi 2.398

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : 4.27 - 4.29

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ [010] so, ɛnyɛ pɛ wɔ [100] so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ mpaapaemu

• Streak : Ɛyɛ bruu-kɔla kosi kɔkɔɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.138

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Ɛwɔ hɔ na ɛyɛ den wɔ kɔkɔɔ/kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ/brownish-kɔla, ne kɔkɔɔ/akutu-kɔkɔɔ mu

• Dispersion : Ɛyɛ den yiye

Afei, so goethite ahorow boro biako na ɛwɔ hɔ? Yep!

Goetfo Ahorow Ahorow

Goethite ahorow kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ. Wɔn mu dodow no ara wɔ din ahorow a ɛyɛ anifere, nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛte ase.

• Ehrenwerthite : Goethite a ne fã bi ayɛ wɔ pyrite akyi, na ɛde abien no abom

• Alumogoethite : Goethite a aluminium wom

• Sammetblende anaa Samtblende : Wonya fii German asɛmfua a wɔde gyina hɔ ma “velveit,” goethite ahorow a wɔde ahwehwɛ kurukuruwa nketenkete a ɛte sɛ nnade anaa akutu ayɛ mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ kapet a ɛyɛ fuzzy a ɛhyerɛn te sɛ velvet

• Nnua Dade : Goethite a ɔwɔ fibrous crystal su

Ɛho hia sɛ yɛhyɛ no nsow sɛ “dua dade” nso yɛ din a wɔde frɛ siderite ahorow bi a ɛwɔ nhama.

Sɛnea wunim no, wobɛtaa ahu goethite wɔ abo afoforo te sɛ amethyst mu. Aboɔden abo afoforo bi a goethite layers anaa nea ɛka ho wom no bi ne:

• Ogya Agate

• Aventurine a ɛyɛ ahabammono

• Owia Abo

• Quartz a emu da hɔ

• Super Seven Crystal a ɛyɛ fɛ

• Cordierite a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛkyerɛfo

• Ɔsram Abo Kɔkɔɔ

• Chrysoberyl a wɔde yɛ aduru

Wɔ abo te sɛ aventurine ne owia abo mu no, goethite nketenkete (ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ hematite anaa pyrite de) na ɛtaa ma dade a ɛhyerɛn a wɔfrɛ no aventurescence no ba.

Seesei a wunim mineral afã no, dɛn ne goethite kyerɛ?

Goethite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Goethite ahwehwɛ ntease no bata abusuabɔ a ɛda Ɛna Asase ne ɔsoro ahemman no ntam. Ɔbo no yɛ kɛse ma wo ho a wode besi fam bere a worehwehwɛ honhom mu abusuabɔ a ɛkorɔn mu no.

Ɛtrɛw ne nkitahodi ahorow mu kɔ nea ɔhyɛ no so, na ɛma wokɔ so yɛ dwoodwoo wɔ nokwasɛm mu bere a wo ne abɔfo anaa abɔde afoforo a wɔwɔ ethereal di nkitaho na ama woanya wiase no ho adwene kɛse no.

Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Johann Georg Lenz huu goethite na ɔtoo din wɔ 1806 mu bere a ohuu mfitiase nhwɛsode ahorow no wɔ Herdorf, Germany no. Ɔpaw din no de hyɛɛ Johann foforo, Germanni nyansahufo ne anwensɛm kyerɛwfo a wagye din Johann Wolfgang von Goethe anuonyam.

Ná Goethe yɛ ɔkyerɛwfo, agorukyerɛwfo, amammuifo, ne nyansapɛfo nso, na na ɔsom sɛ Weimar, Germany, Ɔmanpanyin no so. Ka jack a ɛyɛ adwuma nyinaa ho asɛm!

Nanso, Goethite abakɔsɛm trɛw kɔ akyiri sen 1806 koraa. Efi Tete abo bere a na abɔmmɔfo ne aboaboafo akuw katee (efi mfe ɔpepem 2.5 a atwam ni kosi 10,000 A.Y.B.) no, nkurɔfo ayam goethite de ayɛ paint pigment. Wɔda so ara yɛ saa nnɛ!

Bere bi a atwam no, na goethite yɛ aduru a agye din a wɔde yɛ ochre aduru a ɛyɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ. Fam tutufo adanse daa goethite adi wɔ abodan mu mfonini ahorow mu wɔ Lascaux abodan a agye din a ɛwɔ France a ɛyɛ bɛboro mfe 16,000 ni!

Nhwɛso foforo a ɛda nsow bata ɔhene bi a ɔwɔ anansesɛm mu sika kɔkɔɔ nsa — Ɔhene Midas. Wiɛ, ne papa. Ná ɔbarima bi a wogye di sɛ ɔyɛ Ɔhene Gordias, Midas papa, ɔdamoa mu wɔ amusiei akataso a wɔde goethite aduru ayɛ ho kɔla. Ɛwom sɛ ntease wom sɛ bere kɔ so no, ne kɔla sesa de, nanso ɛbɛyɛ sɛ na mfitiase kɔla no te sɛ sika kɔkɔɔ.

Nokwarem no, abakɔsɛm akyerɛwfo binom kyerɛ sɛ “Midas Touch” ho anansesɛm no nyinaa fi su a na ɔne ahemfo afoforo wɔ saa bere no sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ ntade a ɛyɛ sika kɔkɔɔ no mu.

Sɛ w’asetra hia sika kɔkɔɔ a wɔde ka wo ho a, w’ani begye sɛ wobɛte sɛ goethite yɛ ayaresa ahwehwɛ a tumi wom! Enti, dɛn na goethite yɛ wɔ honhom fam?

Goethite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Aboɔden abo biara kɔla nya ne tumi sɛ ɔbo a ɛsa yare so nkɛntɛnso . Goethite kɔkɔɔ, te sɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ nyinaa , ma wonya anigye, adwene a wɔde si biribi so, ne anidaso kɛse. Saa bere yi nyinaa, brown goethite yɛ chakra ɔbo ma ntini chakra, ɛka brown aboɔden abo afoforo ho wɔ ahoɔden mfinimfini a wobue mu de wo fam ne pintinnyɛ brɛ wo.

Afei, yɛbɛhwɛ honam fam, nkate fam, ne chakra ayaresa mfaso a ɛwɔ goethite so.

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Crystal ayaresafo de goethite di dwuma de sa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa nea edidi so yi ho:

• Aso

• Ani

• Nnuan a wɔyam

• Menem

• Hwene

• Ntini a ɛwɔ ntini mu

Wogye di nso sɛ ahwehwɛ no ma ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ obi ho bɛtɔ no ntɛmntɛm, na ne ho atɔ no ntɛmntɛm wɔ honam fam apirakuru anaa apirakuru kɛse akyi.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Nkate fam mfaso horow a Goethite nya no boa wɔ asetra mu mmere pii mu: adwuma foforo bi a wofi ase, awerɛhow anaa adehwere bere bi, ne bere a ɔdɔ mu abusuabɔ a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ mpo.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ saa ahwehwɛ yi ma adebɔ yɛ kɛse na ɛboa ma wunya adwene ne ahotoso a wode bewie adebɔ mmɔdenbɔ biara. Wɔ wɔn a wodi adehwere ho dwuma fam no, goethite yɛ ɔhokafo a ɔboa na ɔsa yare. Nea etwa to no, sɛ worebɔ mmɔden sɛ wobɛka w’akɔnnɔ anaa wo nkate ho asɛm nokwarem kɛse a — sɛ́ ebia saa nkate no gyina abusuabɔ a emu yɛ den so anaasɛ ɔkwan foforo so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Amethyst a wɔde goethite ka ho

Goethite Aboɔden aboɔ Agyapadeɛ

Abenfo de goethite toto ho na wohu mfaso a ɛwɔ so denam ne kɔla, sɛnea wɔatwa no, sɛnea emu da hɔ, ne sɛnea wɔde sa yare no so.

Ahosuo

Sɛ goethite a ɛyɛ dɔte bruu, kɔkɔɔ, ne kɔkɔɔ da nkyɛn a, ebetumi nso ada kɔla ahorow adi! Ebia ɔbo no yɛ kɔla na wɔ tebea horow bi mu no, ɛyɛ iridescent (titiriw nhwɛsode ahorow a efi Tharsis, Spain).

Iridescence fi turgite (hematite ne goethite a wɔadi afra) a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛwɔ soro a ɛma film a ɛyɛ tratraa no twetwe mu. Mpɛn pii no wubehu iridescence wɔ stalactic anaa botryoidal nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔtɔn sɛ “rainbow goethite” so.

Twa

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ Goethite nkutoo nyɛ faceted da , ɛwom sɛ abo afoforo a ɛwɔ mu no betumi ayɛ faceted (sɛ nhwɛso no, goethite wɔ amethyst mu). Mpɛn pii no, wotwitwa goethite ma ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ ahofadi, cabochons , anaa abo a ahwe ase. Wɔtaa hu goethites a ɛyɛ hyew anaa kɔla ahorow wɔ cabochon agude mu.

Bio nso, wɔtaa tɔn goethite a wɔannoa a ɛwɔ nneɛma anaa nsusuwii a ɛyɛ anigye a wɔantwitwa sɛ ade a wɔboaboa ano a ɛyɛ fɛ.

Ɛda adi pefee

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na Goethite yɛ nea wontumi nhu anaasɛ ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ hann, enti nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no nnya sɛnea ɛte no so nkɛntɛnso kɛse sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ wɔ abo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw mu no. Ɛno akyi no, goethite a wɔde ka abo afoforo ho no yɛ nea wotumi de di dwuma wɔ akwan horow so wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ nwonwa so.

Sɛ nhwɛso no, goethite a wɔde aka ho wɔ quartz ahorow pii mu, nanso ɛsono nea ɛka ho no betumi ada adi wɔ ɔbo biara mu. Ebia ebinom yɛ fan, afoforo nso yɛ dendrites, na afoforo nso betumi ayɛ te sɛ organ-pipes.

Ayaresa ahorow

Abakɔsɛm mu no, wɔama goethite ayɛ hyew ma ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, afei wɔde ayɛ nneɛma kɔkɔɔ. Ɔhyew a wɔde sa yare nso betumi ama goethite a ɛyɛ bruu no ayɛ kɔkɔɔ.

Ansa na grading no nyinaa bɛba no, ɔkwan bɛn so na goethite hyehyɛ?

Goethite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Goethite tumi hyehyɛ wɔ akwan horow kakraa bi so. Adeyɛ a ɛtaa yɛ ne bere a aboɔden abo a dade wom no kɔ wim tebea mu, na ɛyɛ oxidizing de sesa wɔn dade a ɛyɛ dade (Fe2+) ma ɛbɛyɛ dade a ɛyɛ dade (Fe3+) no. Saa oxidation yi kyerɛ sɛ wɔtaa hu goethite wɔ Asase ani.

Akwan foforɔ a wɔfa so hyehyɛ goethite ne asase ase nsuo a ɛtɔ anaa nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew (nsuo a nneɛma pii wom a ɛkɔ mpaapaemu mu na ɛtɔ). Ade foforo a ɛyɛ anigye nanso ɛntaa nsi ne abɔde a nkwa wom, baabi a mmoawa binom yi aboɔden abo no fi mu. Abɔde yɛ wuram, ɛnte saa?

Sɛ yɛsan kɔ oxidation formation no so a, ɛtɔ da bi a mineral a edi kan no nnyɛ goethite koraa. Wɔ saa nsɛm yi mu no, yɛwɔ pseudomorphs anaasɛ goethite ne mineral afoforo a wɔaka abom. Nhwɛso ahorow bi a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne goethite pseudomorphs a edi pyrite, marcasite, anaa siderite akyi.

Wubetumi ahu goethite wɔ mmeae pii, ɛwom sɛ asase na abu so sen biara de. Nneɛma afoforo a atwa yɛn ho ahyia ne atɛkyɛ, atɛkyɛ, abodan ase, nsubɔnten mpa, ne atare ase.

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu goethite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Wɔahu Goethite wɔ wiase nyinaa. Nigeria yɛ beae titiriw titiriw a wonya goethite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo, bere a Cuba, England, ne USA yɛ nneɛma a ɛho hia a wɔde asie wɔ ɔkwan a ɛkɔ akyiri so.

Goethite fibea afoforo a ɛho hia ne:

• Australia

• Canada

• Czechia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• France

• Germany

• U.S.A. (Alabama, Colorado, Georgia, Minnesota, Missouri, Tennessee, Virginia) Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so, na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so bio.

Ɛwom sɛ ɛnnɔɔso saa de, nanso goethite foforo a ɛda nsow ne Mars. Yep, okyinnsoromma Mars! Ɛnyɛ sɛ eyi ma goethite yɛ ahunmu aboɔden abo nko , na mmom aboa nyansahufo nso ma wɔasua pii afa sɛ ebia bere bi na nsu wɔ Mars so anaa.

Goethite Bo & Bo a Ɛsom

Goethite dodow no ara a ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren no yɛ nea ɛyɛ den. Abo a wɔatwitwa taa yɛ goethite wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo mu, na dodow no ara yɛ amethyst a goethite wom.

Faceted amethyst a goethite aboɔden abo wom no fi bɛyɛ $4-$20 wɔ carat biara mu wɔ wholesale mu. Wɔ cabochon kwan so no, saa aboɔden abo yi biara gye bɛyɛ dɔla 25 kosi 75.

Goethite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bo gu ahorow wɔ ne su, ne kɛse, ne nea ɛntaa nsi so. Sɛ nhwɛso no, goethite a ɛyɛ iridescent na ne bo yɛ den sen biara, na emu biara fi bɛyɛ dɔla 40 kosi dɔla 350.

Amethyst a wɔannoa a ɛwɔ goethite mu no bo yɛ den kɛse a emu biara bɛyɛ $10. Goethite a wɔannoa no afoforo kɔ dɔla 10 kosi 35 wɔ bo a wɔtɔn no kɛse mu.

Goethite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea etwa to no, yɛbɛka aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so yiye ma goethite ho asɛm. Saa aboɔden abo yi yɛ den yiye, nanso ne mpaapaemu a edi mũ no kyerɛ sɛ sɛ wɔbɔ no denneennen fi baabi a ɛfata a, ebetumi ama ɔbo no abubu. Esiane saa nti, yɛkamfo goethite agude a wɔde nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban kyerɛ .

Ɛho hia sɛ wobɛma goethite akɔ akyirikyiri afi nnuru anaa acid a ɛyɛ den ho — ɛno titiriw kɔ hydrochloric acid ho, a ɛbɛma goethite apete.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wohohoro goethite ho dwoodwoo a, fa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ne samina a ɛnyɛ den afra mu di dwuma. Ebia worenhia samina no mpo, enti wubetumi nso abɔ mmɔden sɛ wode nsu ne brɔs a wɔde sew sẽ nkutoo bedi kan atew ho ahwɛ sɛ ɛyɛ adwuma no anaa.

Ma goethite ntwe ne ho mfi aboɔden abo afoforo ho wɔ baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu.

Kɔ Kɔ Kɔ ne Goethite Gems!

Sɛ́ ebia yɛreka abusuabɔ a ɛda ɔhene bi a ɔyɛ anansesɛm mu, sɛnea ɛwɔ abodan mu mfonini ahorow mu, anaasɛ ne su ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ fi awosu mu ara kwa ho asɛm no, goethite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛfata sɛ yehu ho asɛm. Sɛ worehwehwɛ nkannyan, adwene, ne adebɔ bi a ɛbɛma woakɔ so a, ebia goethite bɛyɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ pɛ ama wo ara kwa!

Kɔtɔ goethite aboɔden abo nnɛ!