Glass Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Wɔtaa de ahwehwɛ di dwuma sɛ ade foforo a wɔde si ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo ananmu , ɛwom sɛ abɔde mu aboɔden abo bi yɛ ahwehwɛ ankasa de.

Twɛn, so ahwehwɛ yɛ aboɔden abo? Wɔtaa gye nea ɛma biribi fata sɛ “aboɔden abo” ho akyinnye. Esiane sɛ wɔde ahwehwɛ di dwuma te sɛ ahwehwɛ nti, yɛbɛka sɛ ahwehwɛ betumi ayɛ aboɔden abo.

Ebia ebinom behu ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo sɛ “atoro,” nanso sɛ obi de ahwehwɛ fɛfɛ siesie ne ho fi mfehaha pii a atwam ni.

Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛhwehwɛ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo ahodoɔ — abɔdeɛ ne nea wɔayɛ — ne abakɔsɛm, ne boɔ, ne mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ aboɔden aboɔ so.

Dɛn Ne Ahwehwɛ Aboɔden abo?

Wobetumi abu ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi .

Eyinom betumi asuasua ahwehwɛ a agye din, na ama ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den a wɔde besi awo abo anaa nsoromma mu hwɛ abo pii ananmu.

Nea ɛka ho no, ahwehwɛ yɛ ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 3 akyɛde a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so.

Glass Specifications & Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛnea wɔkyerɛ ase no, ahwehwɛ yɛ ade a ɛyɛ den a ɛnyɛ nea ɛte sɛ nea ɛwɔ atom nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ den nanso ɛnyɛ nea wɔahyɛ da ayɛ.

“Amorphous” kyerɛ sɛ ahwehwɛ nyɛ ahwehwɛ, te sɛ opal . Dɛn na wɔde yɛ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo? Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ no gu ahorow, nanso ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na ahwehwɛ yɛ silica titiriw.

Ebia wunim sɛ wɔde silica na ɛyɛ quartz , enti dɛn ne glass vs quartz? Quartz yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ, bere a ahwehwɛ yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ molecule nhyehyɛe a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe.

Ahwehwɛ a wɔde di dwuma nnɛ no bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 90 yɛ silica, sodium carbonate (soda), ne calcium carbonate (limestone) — enti, wɔfrɛ no “soda-lime-silica” ahwehwɛ.

Ahwehwɛ dodow no ara a ɛwɔ hɔ nnɛ no yɛ nea nnipa na wɔyɛe a ɛwɔ 5 kosi 5.5 Mohs hardness scale ranking. Silica bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 70 na ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ a nnipa ayɛ mu bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 90.

Glass agyapade ahorow a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 4.5-7

• Kɔla : Ɛtaa yɛ ahabammono kosi bruu-ahabammono (abɔde mu); Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ kɔla biara, a nea enni kɔla, kɔla ahorow pii, ne kɔla abien (a wɔayɛ) ka ho .

• Crystal nhyehyɛe : Biara nni hɔ

• Luster : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Refractive index : 1.47-1.70 (ebetumi akɔ soro asen 1.81, ɛsono sɛnea wɔahyehyɛ)

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : 2.3-4.5

• Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ

• Fracture : Conchoidal, granular, anaa mpaapaemu

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Nea ɛsakrasakra

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Apete : 0.009-0.098 (ɛyɛ mmerɛw) sɛ kɔbere wɔ hɔ a

• Optical phenomena : Wɔde nneɛma a wɔayɛ nkutoo na ɛbɔɔ; Aventurescence, nsoromma mu hwɛ, chatoyancy, adularescence, kɔla-sesa , iridescence, agoru-a-kɔla, pearlescence

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Nnwinnade a wɔde hu aboɔden abo: 10x loupe, 40x loupe a LED wom, ne tweezers

Sɛnea Wobehu Aboɔden abo “Ankasa” afi Ahwehwɛ mu

Ebinom bu ahwehwɛ sɛ aboɔden abo nkutoo, enti wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu nsonsonoe a ɛda ahwehwɛ ne ahwehwɛ abo ntam?

Aboɔden abo pii te sɛ ahwehwɛ — aboɔden abo a ɛhyerɛn a ɛtaa ba ne vitreous, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ. Nanso su ahorow bi a ɛma wohu ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo ne:

• Nneɛma a Ɛka Ho a Ɛnyɛ Nea Wɔtaa De Ka Ho : Fa loupe , hwehwɛ ahurututu kurukuruwa ne swirl agyiraehyɛde anaasɛ asinasin a ɛwɔ afã horow: nkuku agyiraehyɛde, afã horow a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa, ne afã horow a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa

• Afã a Ɛnyɛ Pɛ : Ahwehwɛ a nnipa ayɛ betumi anya “akutu a wɔayam” a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ, ɛwom sɛ eyi wɔ abɔde mu aboɔden abo bi mu de.

• Ɔhyew : Glass bɛte nka sɛ ɛyɛ hyew sen abɔde mu aboɔden abo dodow no ara.

• Hardness : Sɛ wususuw sɛ aboɔden abo yɛ ahwehwɛ ankasa a, wubetumi de ne denden (anaasɛ ne su te sɛ refractive index ne density) atoto aboɔden abo ankasa no ho.

Nanso, abɔde mu aboɔden abo bi yɛ ahwehwɛ.

Abɔde mu Ahwehwɛ Aboɔden abo Ahorow

Aboɔden abo bi yɛ abɔde mu ahwehwɛ abo, a mpɛn pii no wɔde nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia na ɛyɛ.

Obsidian a ɔyɛ ɔkyerɛwfo

Obsidian yɛ ogya bepɔw mu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ tumm na ɛhyerɛn a ɛba bere a ogyaframa no dwo ntɛmntɛm no. Asase ho animdefo pii nso bu no sɛ ogya abotan esiane sɛnea ɛhyehyɛ no nti.

Tektite na ɔkyerɛwee

Tektite yɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde nneɛma a asɛe ayɛ a ɛwosow, tu kɔ soro, na ɛsan hwe ase wɔ Asase so esiane sɛ meteorite abɔ nti. Nneɛma ahorow a agye din no bi ne moldavite (mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ), Libya anhweatam so ahwehwɛ, ne Darwin ahwehwɛ.

Fulgurite a wɔde di dwuma

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Fulgurites, anaa “aprannaa a wɔatutu fam” yɛ ahwehwɛ nhama anaa abon a anyinam a ɛbɔ anhwea, abotan, anaa nneɛma a asɛe na ɛyɛ.

Ahorow atitiriw abien no:

• Anhwea Fulgurites : Wɔde anhwea a ɛho tew na ɛyɛ nwunu na ɛyɛ; Te sɛ anyinam a ɛretu kwan no

• Abotan Fulgurites : Abotan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa nea wɔde kata so wɔ ɔbotan no ani anaasɛ ɛkata nea abubu no so; Te sɛ nkorabata akwan anaa ntini ahorow

Fulgurite “akuw” atitiriw anan nso wɔ hɔ, a wɔaka ho asɛm kɛse wɔ Natural Glass Gemstone Guide a wɔde abata ho wɔ atifi hɔ no mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Maang Tikka amammerɛ kwan so ti nhwi a wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔde nsa atwitwa ne nhwene a wɔasuasua ayɛ

Ahwehwɛ Aboɔden abo Ahorow a Nnipa Yɛ

Wobetumi ayɛ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a nnipa ayɛ sɛ nea egyina hɔ ma nea wobetumi apaw anaasɛ nea wɔde yɛ mfonini (a wosuasua abɔde mu aboɔden abo).

Ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsuasua abɔdeɛ mu aboɔden aboɔ bi ne:

• AlexandriumTM : Alexandrite a wɔde yɛ mfonini

• French Jet : Victoria bere so wimhyɛn a wɔde yɛ wimhyɛn ho mfonini

• Opalite : Opal anaa ɔsram abo a wɔde yɛ mfonini; Edin nso a wɔde di dwuma ma abɔde mu green opal ahorow

• Slocum Stone : Mfiase opal simulant a wɔde ayɛ agoru-a-kɔla

• Scorolite : Opal a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a wɔde yɛ mfonini

• Strass : Abakɔsɛm, facetable diamond simulant

• Victoria Ɔbo / Imori Ɔbo / Kinga Ɔbo : General simulant, mpɛn pii no ma larimar anaa jade ; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, chatoyant

• Paste : Diamond a wɔde yɛ mfonini

• Rhinestone / Diamanté : Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ abohene; Ebetumi nso ayɛ plastic, resin, acrylic, anaa quartz

• Mona Lisa Stone : Ɔkraman aniwa ɔbo simulant anaasɛ general kɔla aboɔden abo simulant

Aboɔden abo a wɔde ahwehwɛ ayɛ a ɛnyɛ nea wɔasuasua no bi ne:

Aurora Borealis na ɔkyerɛwee

Aurora Borealis, anaa “AB ahwehwɛ,” yɛ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde aduru a ɛyɛ hyew a wɔde kata so denam ɔkwan bi a Swarovski Corporation yɛe wɔ 1956. Wɔsan frɛ no “Aurora Borealis Crystal.”

Sikakɔkɔɔ Abo

Goldstone yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee a kɔbere a wɔde aka ho no yɛ dade a ɛhyerɛn. Saa aventurescence yi te sɛ aventurine ne owia abo .

Edin afoforo a wɔde frɛ sika kɔkɔɔ abo:

• Aventurine ahwehwɛ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Monkstone, abo a wɔfrɛ no Monkstone

• Monk sika kɔkɔɔ

• Stellaria na ɔkyerɛwee

• Sika kɔkɔɔ nsoromma ahwehwɛ

Po mu Ahwehwɛ

Po mu ahwehwɛ yɛ ahwehwɛ a po no asɛe no ansa na wɔahohoro akɔ mpoano. Ɛwɔ sɛ awɔw wom, ɛwom sɛ ɛnte saa wɔ “mpoano ahwehwɛ” a efi nsu pa mu mu de. Wɔfrɛ po mu ahwehwɛ a wɔde nsa ayɛ no “adwinni ahwehwɛ” anaa ahwehwɛ a “wɔtow mprenu.”

CristiniteTM a ɛwɔ hɔ

CristiniteTM yɛ Australiafo ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no anim a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛwɔ transparencies ne kɔla ahorow pii mu.

Uranium Ahwehwɛ a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

Uranium ahwehwɛ yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛtaa yɛ ahabammono kosi kɔkɔɔ, a ɛyɛ hann a ɛhyerɛn a uranium dioxide wom. Ná agye din wɔ agude ne ofie nneɛma mu fi 1850 mfe no mu kosi 1940 mfe no mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Vintage 1970s glass heart-shaped tray a Tiara brand yɛe

Glass Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Ahwehwɛ betumi ayɛ ahoɔden ne mmerɛwyɛ nyinaa ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ahwehwɛ ahwehwɛ gyina hɔ ma adiyisɛm, nhumu, ne hann.

Amanne pii de ahwehwɛ ka ho, efi ahwehwɛ a wɔde “Mazel Tov” bubu wɔ Yudafo ayeforohyia ase so kosi toast a wɔyɛ so kosi ahwehwɛ toa a wobubu wɔ hyɛn foforo bi anim de hwehwɛ anigye so.

Abakɔsɛm

Asɛmfua “ahwehwɛ” no fi Proto-Indo-Europa asɛmfua ghel, a ɛkyerɛ “hyerɛn.” Ɛsan nso yɛ kɔla din pii ntini — abakɔsɛm mu ahwehwɛ dodow no ara na wɔde kɔla ayɛ.

Wɔyɛɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no mfe 4,000 a atwam ni wɔ Mesopotamia. Ahwehwɛ nhwiren a edi kan no fi Misraim ne Mesopotamia bɛyɛ mfe 3,500 a atwam ni. Tete Misrifo de ahwehwɛ siesiee asɔredan ahorow de yɛɛ tumi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Wɔ tete China ne Roma no, na wobu ahwehwɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse; na ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a emu da hɔ a wɔfrɛ no “Alexandrian ahwehwɛ” no bo yɛ den sen biara.

“Atoro” ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a agye din fii ase wɔ 1724 mu, bere a Franseni agude ho nimdefo Georges Frédéric Strass yɛɛ “paste” de yɛɛ abohene ho mfonini no.

Ahwehwɛ afoforo a wɔde yɛ mfonini te sɛ opaline ahwehwɛ nyaa agye din kosii 1800-1900 mfe no mu. Ɛnnɛ, ahwehwɛ abo agude a agye din no renya nkɔanim.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Akorade a wɔde ahwehwɛ a wɔasen a wɔde akata so

Glass Ayaresa Nneɛma

Wobetumi de ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a wɔasuasua no adi dwuma sɛ abo a ɛte saa ara a wɔde sa yare , ɛwom sɛ ahwehwɛ nneɛma wɔ mfaso ankorankoro de. Sɛ nhwɛso no, tektite yɛ aniwa chakra ɔbo a ɛto so abiɛsa .

Wɔtaa de ahwehwɛ tuntum ne ahwehwɛ a wɔde ahwehwɛ ayɛ di dwuma de hu ade pefee, honhom fam nhumu, ne nkɔmhyɛ.

Wɔ Feng Shui mu no, ahwehwɛ gyina hɔ ma nsu ne ahoɔden a ɛsen; ahwehwɛ ahoɔden a ɛwɔ ahunmu bi mu mmɔho abien.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Tete Romafo ahwehwɛ a wɔde asɛn so

Glass Gemstone Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Wɔnnye ahwehwɛ aboɔden aboɔ ho adanseɛ sɛ abɔdeɛ mu aboɔden aboɔ, nanso ne boɔ firi nneɛma a ɛte saa ara te sɛ kɔla, nea wɔatwa, emu da hɔ, ne ayaresa.

Ahosuo

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ahwehwɛ a nnipa ayɛ betumi anya kɔla biara, kɔla ahorow pii anaasɛ iridescence mpo, a wɔde nneɛma bi ka ho te sɛ dade anaasɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔde ka ho.

Efĩ a ɛwɔ anhwea mu (te sɛ dade) ma abɔde mu ahwehwɛ kɔla yɛ ahabammono kosi bruu-ahabammono.

Kɔbere yɛ ade a wɔtaa de ka ho ma ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a ɛbɔ apete , nea ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne nea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no yɛ kɛse.

Twa

Ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo pii yɛ nea wotumi hu. Ebia lapidaristfo apaw atetesɛm mu afã horow a wɔatwitwa anaasɛ nsusuwii soronko a ɛrentumi nyɛ yiye mma ahwehwɛ.

Abakɔsɛm mu no, na ahwehwɛ a wɔde nhwiren ayɛ na abu so sen biara. Ahwehwɛ nso betumi abɛyɛ cabochons , adwini, anaa mosaic ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo.

Ɛda adi pefee

Nneɛma ahorow a wɔde ka ho ne nkekae betumi ama ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo bo so atew anaasɛ akɔ soro.

Nkekae a ɛtaa ba anaa nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛtaa ma ne bo so tew:

• Nkuku agyiraehyɛde ahorow

• Afã horow a ɛyɛ kɔntɔnkrɔn

• Bumpy orange peel-te sɛ ɔfasu

• Nneɛma a ɛwɔ soro

• Swirl agyiraehyɛde ahorow

• Gas a ɛyɛ ahurututu

• Ntrɛwmu a ɛsen fa nsu mu

Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛde aniwa so nkɛntɛnso ba no betumi akyerɛ bo a ɛkorɔn, te sɛ nhama a wɔde ka ho wɔ ɔkraman aniwa ahwehwɛ mu, kɔbere asinasin a ɛwɔ sika kɔkɔɔ abo mu, ne nneɛma a ɛte sɛ confetti a wɔde ka ho wɔ Slocum Abo mu.

Ayaresa ahorow

Ayaresa pii wɔ hɔ a wɔde yɛ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo, na ɛma kɔla ahorow ne aniwa so nkɛntɛnso ahorow. Ayaresa te sɛ nea wɔde kata so ne nea wɔde foil akyi (a ɛtaa ba wɔ rhinestones so) abu so nanso ɛnyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛtwetwe.

Glass Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Sɛ ade a ayɛ nwini te sɛ ogyaframa no dwo ntɛmntɛm a, ennya bere mfa nyɛ ahwehwɛ, na ɛma ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a enni nsɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, abotan anaa anhwea a silica wom a wɔayɛ no hyew na ɛyɛ nwini ntɛmntɛm no yɛ ahwehwɛ, efi anyinam a ɛbɔ anaa ogya bepɔw dwumadi mu.

Nea ɛka ahwehwɛ a wɔyɛ ho ne sɛ wɔbɛbɔ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ nneɛma (sɛ nhwɛso no, anhwea, soda, ne limestone) wɔ ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn yiye mu. Wɔayɛ no anaasɛ wɔayɛ no sɛnea ɛte bere a ɛda so ara yɛ hyew no.

Glass Gemstone Bo & Ne Bo

Abɔde mu ahwehwɛ abo bo kɔ soro sen ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a nnipa ayɛ. Wubetumi ahu abɔde mu ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo bo denam Gemstone Info Guide biara a wɔadi kan abɔ mu no a wobɛkɔ so.

Ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no yɛ nea nnipa na wɔyɛe. Nneɛma a nnipa ayɛ te sɛ tete Romafo ahwehwɛ bo yɛ den kakra, efi ase fi dɔla 14 na ɛkɔ dɔla 200 anaa nea ɛboro saa.

Nnɛyi ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a nnipa ayɛ no yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den yiye, efi nea ennu $1 kosi bɛyɛ $30 ma ade biako.

Glass Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Ahwehwɛ biako a enye ne aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so — ɛyɛ brittle, ɛbubu ntɛmntɛm, na ɛnyɛ den koraa sɛ wobɛtwetwe. Nneɛma a ahobammɔ wom sen biara ne ahwehwɛ asomuade anaa kɔnmuade.

Ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a wɔayɛ ho adwuma no yɛ mmerɛw kɛse. Yɛ brɛoo kɛse a wobɛhohoro na fa eyinom sie.

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a emu nyɛ den, ne ntama a nwura nnim hohoro ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo ho. Fa ntama no popa no brɛoo — nhohoro. Fa ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo sie wɔ ade a wɔato mu mu a ɛda nsow wɔ abo afoforo ho na ma ɛnware nnuru a ano yɛ den ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Mona Lisa abo asomuade a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne pink

Bue Design Possibilities ne Glass Aboɔden abo!

Ebinom bu ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde yɛ agude sɛ “atoro” anaasɛ nea ne bo nyɛ den a wɔde bɔ agude, nanso ahwehwɛ tumi de kɔla ahorow nyinaa, adwini ahorow nyinaa, ne nneɛma a wɔde hwɛ ade nyinaa a ɛyɛ abɔde mu aboɔden abo bo a wɔbɔ no fã ketewaa bi.

Kɔtɔ ahwehwɛ aboɔden abo nnɛ!