Gahnospinel Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Gahnospinel yɛ spinel ahorow a ɛtaa yɛ bruu, a zinc pii wom a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ ma ɛyɛ nwonwa. Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, ɛtɔ aboɔden abo abien a ɛwɔ spinel kuw no mu ntam: spinel ne gahnite, ɛno nti na wɔtoo din no.

Dɛn ne spinel a ɛho yɛ na sen biara? Bruu spinel ho yɛ na, nanso gahnospinels a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na mpo sen abɔde mu bruu spinel. Kɔla kɔkɔɔ ne cobalt-blue ne spinel kɔla a ne bo yɛ den sen biara.

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wubehu pii afa spinel ahorow a wɔntaa nhu na ɛyɛ fɛ yi ho? Yɛn Coins Auctioned abenfoɔ aboaboa agyapadeɛ, abakɔsɛm, boɔ, ne mfasoɔ a ɛwɔ gahnospinel so nyinaa ano wɔ nnɛyi akwankyerɛ no mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Faceted "cobalt blue" gahnospinel a emu duru yɛ 1.01 carats a Gemological Institute of America (GIA)| Mfonini no fi: Lhapsin Nillapat denam GIA so

Dɛn Ne Gahnospinel?

Gahnospinel yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ spinel abusua a ɛda gahnite ne spinel ntam no mu. Mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo no yɛ bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi tuntum nanso ebetumi ayɛ bruu ahorow afoforo, a bruu a ɛyɛ ahabammono ne bruu a ɛyɛ ahabammono ka ho.

Aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã yi din afoforo ne zincian spinel ne aluminous magnesium-zinc spinel.

Sɛ́ spinel ahorow no, gahnospinel yɛ August ne Leo awobo. Ebetumi mpo asi safir ananmu sɛ September awobo .

Gahnospinel Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Gahnospinel no mu nneɛma wɔ gahnite (ZnAl2O4) ne spinel (MgAl2O4) ntam, aboɔden abo abien a ɛwɔ spinel kuw no mu a ɛyɛ aduru a ɛyɛ den a ɛtoatoa so.

Wɔ gahnospinel mu no, zinc si magnesium ananmu kodu baabi a ɛsono, na ɛma gahnospinel no yɛ (ZnMg)Al2O4 anaa (MgZn)Al2O4.

Zinc a ɛwɔ mu no sesa nneɛma bi a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo no mu; refractive index (RI) ne gahnospinel a ɛyɛ den no korɔn sen spinel nanso ɛba fam sen gahnite. Nanso, Mohs hardness of gahnospinel no te 7.5 kosi 8 saa ara.

Mpɛn pii no, dade kakraa bi na ɛwɔ hɔ, na efi bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 1.5 kosi 2.5 wɔ Sri Lanka gahnospinels mu.

Gahnospinel a wobehu no betumi ayɛ anifere, efisɛ ɛte sɛ spinel a wɔtaa de di dwuma na ɛwɔ RI gyinapɛn ahorow a ɛte sɛ spinel a wɔayɛ no . Sɔhwɛ hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nnwinnade a ɛkɔ anim ne ahokokwaw a wɔde hu zinc biara a ɛwɔ mu.

Gahnospinel agyapade a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 7.5-8

• Kɔla : Nsuo a ɛyɛ bruu, ahabammono-blue, ahabammono, bruu-violet, violet

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Isometric/Cubic

• Luster : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.72-1.78; Ɛkɔ soro bere a zinc dɔɔso no

• Nnipa dodow : 3.60-4.10; Ɛkɔ soro bere a zinc dɔɔso no

• Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ; Ntetewmu a ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee wɔ {111} mpaapaemu wimhyɛn so

• Akisikuru : Conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Mpɛn pii no, biara nni hɔ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛba wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so

• Birefringence : Biara nni hɔ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛba wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so

• Apete : 0.020 (ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Gahnite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nnam, ɛhyerɛn, ɛyɛ bruu-tuntum a ɛyɛ octahedral gahnite crystal | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Gahnospinel Abakɔsɛm

Yɛwɔ Britaniafo aboɔden abo ho animdefo baasa a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛda ase wɔ gahnospinel din ne nea wohuu no ho: Basil William Anderson, Cecil J. Payne, ne T. W. Oliver.

Bere a Anderson ne Payne resua spinel bruu a efi Ceylon (nnɛyi Sri Lanka) ho ade no, wohui sɛ ebinom wɔ refractive indices (RI) ne densities a ɛkorɔn soronko. Wɔ 1935 mu no, Oliver kyerɛɛ wɔn spinel bruu a ɛte saa ara a na ɛte sɛ nea dade nni mu.

Anderson ne Payne hwɛɛ Sri Lanka spinel bruu a wɔde ahyɛ mu na wohui sɛ 1) bɛyɛ 1% yɛ spinel a “ɛkorɔn,” na 2) zinc wɔ ne nyinaa mu.

Wosusuwii sɛ ade a ɛma agyapade kɔ soro ne zinc, na Oduruyɛfo Max Hey yɛɛ nhwehwɛmu bi a ɛkyerɛe sɛ wɔteɛ: na zinc oxide 18-21% ne magnesium oxide 16-78% wɔ wɔn “atifi” nhwɛsode no mu.

Esiane sɛ nneɛma no kɔhyɛɛ gahnite ne spinel ntam nti, Payne ne Anderson too aboɔden abo no din “gahnospinel” wɔ wɔn nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan a wɔka faa gahnospinel ho no mu wɔ 1937. (Wɔpaw edin “gahnite” no wɔ 1807 mu de hyɛɛ Swedenni nnuruyɛfo Johan Gottlieb Gahn anuonyam.)

Wɔ 1964 mu no, Anderson ne Payne duu wɔn botae a ɛto so abien a ɛne sɛ wobenya gahnospinel nhwɛsode a ne RI boro 1.750 na ne density boro 4.00 no ho.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Faceted "cobalt blue" spinel aboɔden abo

Gahnospinel Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo bruu a ɛsa yare no , gahnospinel wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛma obi dwo na ɛkari pɛ .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔka sɛ mfaso a ɛwɔ gahnospinel aboɔden abo mu no bi ne nsɛm te sɛ:

• Mogya mu awuduru a wɔde fi nipadua mu

• Gum / sẽ mu nyarewa

• Menewa mu yaw

• Anisoadehu mu haw ahorow

• Nkae a ɛyera

• Ahoɔden a ɛba fam

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, ahwehwɛ ayaresafo kamfo gahnospinel kyerɛ sɛ:

• Nokwaredi a wɔbɛhyɛ ho nkuran

• Nhumu a wɔma ɛkɔ soro

• Nkannyan a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso

• Ahobammɔ a wɔde ma

• Abusuabɔ mu biakoyɛ a wɔbɛma anya nkɔso

• Adebɔ mu nsɛm a wɔda no adi a wɔhyɛ ho nkuran

• Wo honhom a wobɛsan ahyɛ no den

Chakra Ayaresa

Chakra ayaresa hwehwɛ sɛ wobue ahoɔden mfinimfini (chakra) a wɔasiw ano sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a ahoɔden betumi asen fa ahofadi mu wɔ nhyehyɛe no nyinaa mu bio.

Gahnospinel yɛ chakra ɔbo ma menewa ne aniwa chakra a ɛto so abiɛsa, a ɛwɔ menewa (nokwarem no) ne wo moma so mfinimfini, sɛnea ɛte biara.

Menewa mu chakra no na ɛkyerɛ nkitahodi ne ne ho a wohu, bere a aniwa chakra a ɛto so abiɛsa no di nkate ne nkate so.

Sɛ wobue abien no nyinaa mu a, wubetumi anya wo ho ne wiase a atwa wo ho ahyia no nyinaa ho ntease kɛse.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Gahnospinel a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛsõ sen biara (11.34 carats) a Gemological Institute of America (GIA) | Mfonini no fi Diego Sanchez denam GIA so

Gahnospinel Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, nneɛma afoforo a ɛka bo a gahnospinel som no bi ne kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, ne ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat.

Ahosuo

Mpɛn pii no, gahnospinel kɔla no fi dade kakraa bi mu, na ɛma ɛyɛ bruu tuntum a ɛyɛ mum. Ebia gahnospinels a zinc pii wom no bɛyɛ ahabammono-blue kɛse, nanso bruu kronkron na eye sen biara.

Nnansa yi ara, nhwehwɛmufoɔ ahu gahnospinels bruu a wɔde cobalt kɔla ayɛ, a Gemological Institute of America (GIA) tintimii wɔ afe 2022 ne Gemmology Today wɔ afe 2019. Saa gahnospinels a wɔntaa nhu a ɛyɛ cobalt-blue yi som bo paa.

Twa

Esiane sɛ facetable nsɛm ho yɛ na nti, mpɛn pii no faceted gahnospinels na ne bo yɛ den sen biara. Dodow no ara wɔ kurukuruwa, oval, anaa cushion nsusuwii.

Sɛ ɛnte saa a, wɔtaa nya gahnospinel a wɔtɔn sɛ ahwehwɛ nketewa a wɔantwitwa.

Ɛda adi pefee

Spinel wɔ Type II clarity , enti nneɛma bi a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu abu so. Nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu (“aniwa a ɛho tew”) biara nni hɔ a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nneɛma bo kɔ soro.

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka gahnospinel ho no bi ne:

• Nhama nketenkete a ɛwɔ nneɛma nketenkete (nsateaa nkyerɛwee anaa nsensanee a ɛyɛ tẽẽ) .

• Octahedra (abura anaa ahwehwɛ), ɛtɔ mmere bi a ntakra a ɛyɛ nsu atwa ho ahyia

• Apatite a wɔde di dwuma

• Nnade a ɛtwam

• Sini ahorow a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ hyew

Gahnospinel a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wɔde ka safir a wɔadan no ho no taa kyerɛ sɛ safir no fi Sri Lanka.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Faceted gahnospinels dodow no ara wɔ 2 carats ase, gye nea ɛntaa nsi te sɛ 11.34-carat faceted gahnospinel a GIA hwehwɛɛ mu wɔ afe 2019 mu.

Gahnospinel bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biara mu no kɔ soro sen carat 1, 2, ne 5.

Gahnospinel Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Gahnospinel tumi ba wɔ abotan a ɛyɛ metamorphic anaa igneous mu. Mpɛn pii no, nsakrae a ɛba no ma magnesium pii ba, bere a igneous ma magnesium kakraa bi na ɛba.

Mpɛn pii no, gahnospinel nam metamorphic akwan so na ɛba. Wohu wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔahohoro afi alluvial deposits a ɛbae bere a ɔbotan a ɛgye no no sɛee no mu.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Gahnospinel a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo dodow no ara fi Sri Lanka.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛho hia a wonya fi mu nkutoo ne Czech Republic ne Nigeria.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Gahnospinel, gahnite aboɔden abo a ne kɛse yɛ carat 1.34 a ɛwɔ afã horow a efi Argentina no busuani | Mfonini no fi: Kay Günther / G-Empire Wiase a Aboɔden abo / http://www.g-empire.de/

Gahnospinel Bo & Ne Bo

Faceted gahnospinel aboɔden abo bo fi bɛyɛ $60-$1,070 wɔ carat biara mu, anaasɛ bɛyɛ $200-$4,650 ne nyinaa, a nea ne bo yɛ den no yɛ akɛse na ne kɔla yɛ hyew.

Matched faceted pairs wɔ high end, mpɛn pii no bɛyɛ $640 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ $275 nyinaa.

Gahnospinel ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ mmerɛw no fi bɛyɛ $40-$120 wɔ carat biara mu, anaasɛ ne nyinaa yɛ $100-$250.

Gahnospinel Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea eye ne sɛ, gahnospinel wɔ nea wotumi hyɛ yiye, na ɛma aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so yɛ mmerɛw. Wubetumi de agude biara nyinaa adi agoru, a gahnospinel nkaa ka ho, a wunnwen wo ho.

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro gahnospinel ho.

Woasiesie wo ho sɛ wode Gahnospinel Gems bɛhyerɛn?

Gahnospinel yɛ spinel abusua no muni a wɔmfa no nyɛ hwee. Ɛde bruu a ɛyɛ fɛ a mfaso horow a ɛma obi dwo ka ho, ne nyinaa wɔ ɔkwan a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ mu a ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ ma agude anaa ɔyɛkyerɛ biara.

Kɔtɔ gahnospinel ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ nwonwa nnɛ!