Friedelite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Friedelite (wɔbɔ no FREE-deh-lyte) yɛ manganese a ɛyɛ pink kosi bruu. Ɔmanfo nnim no yiye, nanso wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no bu no sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu.

Sɛ́ aboɔden abo , friedelite ho yɛ na mpo. Esiane sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ ɛbɛkyɛ na nneɛma a wɔde yɛ facetable ho yɛ na nti, ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wobenya friedelite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ anim.

Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛho yɛ na na wonnim no kɛse no, friedelite yɛ ahwehwɛ fɛfɛ a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a ɛyɛ hyew a ɛkanyan ahwiesa a ɛyɛ dɛ wɔ osutɔbere mu da bi.

Ɛnnɛ, yɛn a yɛwɔ ha wɔ Gem Rock Auctions no de yɛn mfe du du pii osuahu a yɛanya wɔ aboɔden abo adwumayɛ mu no adi dwuma de aboaboa akwankyerɛ a ɛkɔ akyiri yi a ɛfa nneɛma nyinaa friedelite aboɔden aboɔ ho no abom. Siesie wo ho sɛ wubesua friedelite agyapade, sɛnea wɔde di dwuma, abakɔsɛm, ne bo, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Friedelite ahwehwɛ nketewa a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛwɔ host matrix so a efi Franklin, New Jersey, U.S.A.; Richard A. Kosnar Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Friedelite Ɔbo ho asɛm

Friedelite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ pink kosi bruu a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔde di dwuma sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi . Ɔbo no din de hyɛ Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Charles Friedel anuonyam.

Wɔnyɛɛ friedelite anaasɛ wɔmfaa nni dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu.

Nanso, nhwehwɛmu ahorow bi a ɛda nsow da friedlite adi:

• Abo a ɛporɔw wɔ afeha a ɛto so 18 nkaedum ahorow mu esiane dade a asɛe nti. The Royal Palace, Madrid (Spain) (2002) — Friedelite & vivianite sɛ slag bi a wohu wɔ dade nsensanee a wɔde abo a efi Madrid afeha a ɛto so 18 Palacio Real (Ahemfie) mu

• Mineralogy of low grade metamorphosed manganese sediments of the Urals: Petrological and geological applications (2015) — Friedelite sɛ aboɔden aboɔ titire no mu baako a ɛkyerɛ sɛ nsakraeɛ a ɛba fam wɔ Ural manganese nsuo mu

• Spectral studies of Mn2+ in friedelite (1987) — Nhumu a ɛfa spectral bands a ɛwɔ friedelite mu wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam ne dan mu hyew mu

• Pyrosmalite kuw a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo. II. The layer structure of mcgillite and friedelite (1983) — High-resolution transmission electron-microscopy (HRTEM) a wɔde di dwuma de kyerɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda friedelite ne Mcgillite ntam denam friedelite a ɛnyɛ nhyehyɛe, a ɛtrɛw monoclinic X-ray reflections so

Ɛho nhia sɛ wobɛbɔ adesua nhoma nyinaa mu na woahu friedelite mineral su ahorow, nanso — yɛakata wo so!

Friedelite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Friedelite yɛ manganese silicate hydroxide a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu. Friedelite aduru a ɛyɛ aban de a Amanaman Ntam Aboɔdenfo Fekuw (IMA) apene so ne Mn2+8Si6O15(OH)10 nanso ɛtɔ mmere bi nso a wɔkyerɛw no sɛ Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 anaa (Mn,Fe)8Si6O18(OH,CI)4· 3H2O de bu efĩ a ɛtaa ba ho akontaa.

Efĩ a ɛtaa ba friedelite mu no bi ne calcium, magnesium, chlorine, nsu, dade, zinc, ne aluminium.

mineral friedelite no wɔ pyrosmalite kuw no mu sɛ manganese awiei. Aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛwɔ kuw yi mu ne mcgillite, nelenite, schallerite, pyrosmalite-(Mn), ne pyrosmalite-(Fe). Friedelite te sɛ pyrosmalite-(Mn) a ɛwɔ nsusuwii Mn2+8Si6O15(OH,Cl)10 na ɛyɛ ahinanan.

Ɛwom sɛ ahwehwɛ ho yɛ na de, nanso ɛyɛ tabular, acicular (te sɛ needle), hemimorphic (ɛsono sɛnea ɛte wɔ n’awiei biara). Tabular crystals taa yɛ pseudo-hexagonal. Mpɛn pii no, friedelite ba wɔ stalactic, massive, fibrous aggregate, anaa lamellar aggregate suban mu.

Twinning abu so wɔ friedelite mu a ɛyɛ nwonwa, mpɛn pii no ɛwɔ pseudorhombohedral symmetry wɔ {001} composition plane no so.

Friedelite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw ni:

• Mohs denden : 4-5

• Kɔla : Pink, borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ, bruu-kɔkɔɔ, bruu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Vitreous anaa pearly (ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ vitreous nanso pearly wɔ basal plane so) .

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.620-1.664

• Nnipa dodow : 3.04-3.06

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {0001} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ subconchoidal

• Streak : Rose fitaa anaasɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Luminescence : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a fluorescence wɔ hɔ; Kɔkɔɔ anaa kɔkɔɔ wɔ LW-UV & kɔkɔɔ anaa ahabammono wɔ SW-UV mu

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.030-0.034

• Apete : Biara nni hɔ

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Emile Bertrand, Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a odii kan bɔɔ friedelite ho amanneɛ no mfonini, bɛyɛ 1910 | Mfonini no fi: Ɔmanfo de

Friedelite Abakɔsɛm

Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Emile Bertrand dii kan bɔɔ friedelite ho amanneɛ wɔ 1876. Otintim nea ohui no wɔ asɛm a wɔato din “Sur un nouveau minéral des Pyrénees” (Franse kasa mu asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “Aboɔden abo foforo a efi Pyrenees ho”) mu.

Wɔ asɛm no mu no, Bertrand kaa nhwɛsode ahorow a efi manganese a wotu wɔ Hautes-Pyrénées, France, mu ho asɛm. Ná nhwɛsode ahorow no yɛ carmine pink sunsuma bi a ɛyɛ tuntum sen rhodonite na ɛyɛ hann kɛse a ɛwɔ nsensanee a ɛyɛ pink-fitaa. Nhwɛsode ahorow a ɔhwehwɛɛ mu no yɛɛ sɛ akuw a ɛwɔ saccharoidal (te sɛ asikre) nwene a ɛyɛ hexagonal lamellae anaasɛ compact masses.

Bertrand de Franseni aboɔden abo ho nimdefo & nnuruyɛfo Charles Friedel din too friedelite so. Ná Friedel yɛ Sorbonne nnuruyɛ ho ɔbenfo a wagye din sɛ ɔne Amerikani nnuruyɛfo James Crafts huu sɛnea Friedel-Crafts nnuru yɛ adwuma no. Friedel nso yɛ aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a wagye din Georges Friedel a ɔhyehyɛɛ Friedel Mmara no agya.

Akyiri yi Friedelite Nneɛma a Wohui

Bertrand amanneɛbɔ no akyi no, wɔbɔɔ friedelite ho amanneɛ fii Sweden, Austria, New Jersey (U.S.A.), ne Kazakhstan (USSR) fi 1890 kosi 1960 mfe no mu. Ná friedelite biara a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo fibea nkutoo ne New Jersey, a wɔbɔɔ ho amanneɛ fi 1959 kosi 1979.

Bɛboro mfe ɔha wɔ bere a edi kan a wohuu no akyi no, Gemological Institute of America (GIA) bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ 1982 mu wɔ friedelite a edi kan a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wohuu wɔ New Jersey akyi no ho. Wohuu ahwehwɛ no wɔ akwanhyia mu wɔ 1980 mu, na wohuu wɔ manganese a wotu mu tɔnn wɔ Kalahari, South Africa.

Wɔ 1900 mfe no mfiase mu hɔ no, mfiase no, aboɔden abo ho animdefo kyekyɛɛ friedelite mu wɔ friedelite kuw a wɔde din koro na ɛka ho ne pyrosmalite, schallerite, ne molybdophyllite. Ɛyɛ 1983 mu ansa na aboɔden abo ho animdefo san kyekyɛɛ pyrosmalite kuw no mu.

Friedelite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ pink a ɛsa yare , friedelite ntease da aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ pink de adi : ɔdɔ, gye a wogye tom, ne ɔdɔ. Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, friedelite so wɔ mfaso ma ogya nsɛnkyerɛnne: Aries , Leo , ne Sagittarius .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wogye di sɛ friedelite ahwehwɛ di nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Akoma

• Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu

• Ahome a wɔhome

• Nnuan a wɔyam

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, ebia ahwehwɛ ayaresafo bɛkamfo friedelite akyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nsa komayare, mma ɔdɔ a wɔwɔ ma wɔn ho no yɛ kɛse, na ɛtwetwe abusuabɔ pa a ɛyɛ plato ne ɔdɔ nyinaa.

Chakra Ayaresa

Chakra ayaresa yɛ adeyɛ a wɔyɛ de bue ahoɔden mmeae a wɔasiw (chakras), a wɔsan de nkate, honhom, ne honam fam kari pɛ ba w’ahoɔden nhyehyɛe nyinaa mu. Wɔde friedelite di dwuma sɛ koma chakra ɔbo .

Koma chakra no wɔ chakra a ɛwɔ fam ne nea ɛwɔ soro no mfinimfini. Ɛkyerɛ gye a wogye tom, ɔdɔ, ne ayamhyehye. Ebia ɛho behia sɛ wubue wo koma chakra anaasɛ wokari pɛ sɛ wote nka sɛ wunni obu mma wo ho, wo bo fuw, anaasɛ wotwa wo ho fi afoforo ho wɔ nkate fam a.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Friedelite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ nnam a wɔabɛn ho wɔ New Jersey host rock matrix | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Friedelite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, nneɛma afoforo a ɛka friedelite bo a ɛsom sɛ aboɔden abo no bi ne kɔla, nea wɔatwitwa, nea emu da hɔ, nea ɛda adi pefee, ne ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat.

Ahosuo

Friedelite kɔla fi pink a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu. Kɔla a eye sen biara ma friedelite aboɔden abo ne kɔkɔɔ anaa rose-kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ dɛ — eyinom taa fi South Africa. New Jersey friedelite taa yɛ bruu-kɔla a emu dɔ.

Twa

Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea facetable nneɛma ho yɛ na, ne sɛnea ɛyɛ den a ɛba fam ne cleavage a edi mũ a, faceted friedelite aboɔden abo ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo.

Mpɛn pii no, wubehu friedelite cabochons (a wɔtaa de si pendants mu). Wɔtɔn mineral no nso rough (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Clarity kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu ka aboɔden abo mu, a ebetumi ama nea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo so atew. Friedelite aboɔden abo a eye sen biara no yɛ nea ɛda adi kɛse, nanso ahwehwɛ dodow no ara a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo no yɛ nea ɛyɛ hann. Mpɛn pii no, dodow a friedelite no yɛ kɛse no, dodow no ara na nea ɛda adi pefee no sua. Friedelite akɛse betumi ada nsensanee fitaa adi a ɛkyerɛ sɛ carbonate mineralization.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Friedelite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo no mu duru fi carat 1 kosi 5, nanso friedelite a ɛwɔ afã dodow no ara no nnu carat 2. Cabochons betumi ayɛ akɛse koraa, akodu carat 60 anaa nea ɛte saa, nanso mpɛn pii no, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi.

Friedelite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Friedelite yɛ aboɔden aboɔ a ɛtɔ so mmienu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛba berɛ a aboɔden aboɔ a ɛwɔ ɔbotan mu dedaw (aboɔden aboɔ titire) dane berɛ a ɔbotan no kɔ n’ankasa nsakraeɛ mu. Wɔ eyi mu no, friedelite ba bere a manganese silicate aboɔden abo dan fi nhyɛso kɛse ne ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro mu no.

Sɛnea ɛte no, wɔtaa hu friedelite wɔ manganese a asakra no mu. Wɔtaa hu friedelite ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no yiye a barite anaa calcite ka ho . Aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔtaa de bata ho ne:

• Willemite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Franklinite a ɔkyerɛwee

• Rhodochrosite a ɛma mogya tu

• Tephroite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Tilasite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Rhodonite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Alabanditefoɔ

• Chlorite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Sphalerite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Kutnohoritefo na wɔte saa

• Andradite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Hausmannite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Chlorophoenicite a wɔde yɛ aduru

Afei, ma yɛnhwɛ baabi a wohu friedelite wɔ asasesin mu.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Nneɛma abien a wonya friedelite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo ne South Africa ne New Jersey (U.S.A.).

Wonim friedelite mineral nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ nso fi:

• Australia

• France

• Kazakhstan na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Sweden

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Friedelite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hare ne willemite ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo a wɔabɛn ho wɔ matrix so a efi Franklin, New Jersey, U.S.A. | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Friedelite Bo & Ne Bo

Friedelite aboɔden abo bo gu ahorow kɛse, na egyina sɛnea ɔbo no da adi, sɛnea wɔatwa no, ne kɛse, ne ne kɔla so titiriw.

Faceted friedelite aboɔden abo no firi bɛyɛ $50 kɔsi $500 wɔ carat biara mu, anaa $70 kɔsi $425 nyinaa — kae sɛ, wɔn mu dodoɔ no ara nnu carat 1 enti wɔn carat biara boɔ bɛyɛ kɛseɛ.

Friedelite cabochon dodow no ara bo bɛyɛ dɔla 50, na cabochon kɔnmuade no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 190 kosi dɔla 275.

Friedelite a ɛyɛ den no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 5 kosi 10 ma nnua nketewa a ne kɔla yɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ dɔla 50 kosi 100 ma nnua akɛse a wɔde aboɔden abo a wonim no yiye afra mu.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na wɔde cabochons na ɛyɛ friedelite agude. Saa cabochons pendants yi bo bɛyɛ dɔla 200 kosi 275 bere a friedelite nkaa bo bɛyɛ dɔla 150.

Friedelite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Friedelite hia ahwɛyiye soronko , esiane sɛ entumi nnyina nsensanee ano kɛse na ɛpaapae pɛpɛɛpɛ nti (a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɔhwe a ano yɛ nnam bɛbubu no ntɛm). Fa nhyehyɛe a ɛbɔ wo ho ban di dwuma bere nyinaa wɔ friedelite agude so, titiriw nkaa.

Fa nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs anaa ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde microfiber ayɛ hohoro friedelite ho brɛoo. Fa ɔbo no sie baabi a ɛda nsow wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo ho na amma ansɛe.

Nsɛm a Wɔtaa Bisa

Dɛn ne friedelite?

Friedelite yɛ manganese silicate aboɔden abo a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ mmerɛw, osutɔbere mu kɔla a ɛyɛ dɛ, na ɛwɔ mmeae a ɛda nsow wɔ New Jersey (U.S.A.) ne South Africa.

Friedelite kɔla yɛ dɛn?

Friedelite aboɔden abo taa yɛ kɔkɔɔ a emu dɔ, nanso aboɔden abo no betumi ayɛ pink a ɛyɛ hare, rose kɔkɔɔ, borɔdɔma-kɔkɔɔ, bruu-kɔkɔɔ, tan, anaa bruu.

Wobɛyɛ dɛn ahu friedelite?

Friedelite su ahorow bi a wotumi hu ne ne rose streak a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne denden 4 kosi 5 wɔ Mohs nsenia so, crystal twinning a pseudorhombohedral symmetry wom, ne monoclinic crystal structure. Ebia wubehu sunsuma ano nso bɛyɛ 1.645 wɔ refractometer no ase.

Dɛn ne friedelite a ɛyɛ den?

Friedelite di kan wɔ 4 kosi 5 wɔ Mohs mineral hardness scale , a ɛte sɛ fluorite (4) ne apatite (5) no.

Hwehwɛ Friedelite no ma Wo!

Friedelite yɛ aboɔden abo a wonnim no kɛse, nanso sɛ wohwɛ ne hann kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ no mu bere tenten a ɛfata na ebia w’ani begye ho ara kwa.

Kɔtɔ friedelite ne aboɔden abo soronko afoforo nnɛ!