Euxenite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Euxenite (wɔbɔ no YOOK-suh-neyet) yɛ aboɔden abo a emu yɛ duru na ɛyɛ den a asase mu nneɛma pii a wɔn ho yɛ na wom. Nyansahu mu no, wɔfrɛ no euxenite-(Y), (Y) no yɛ ma yttrium.

Ebinom frɛ euxenite sɛ “nwura kotoku mu aboɔden abo” efisɛ ebetumi anya nneɛma pii wɔ ne nhyehyɛe mu, te sɛ hornblende anaa tourmaline .

So euxenite ho yɛ na? Sɛ́ mineral, ɛnyɛ pii saa. Nanso euxenite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa, mpɛn pii no wotwitwa ma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano nkutoo.

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, euxenite som bo wɔ mfuw pii mu.

Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka euxenite dwumadie, agyapadeɛ, ne boɔ, abakɔsɛm, ne nea ɛkeka ho nyinaa ho asɛm!

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Euxenite a ɛwɔ asase so a ɛho yɛ na a efi Madagascar; Musée de Nkɔmmɔbɔ. Lyon | Mfonini no fi: Ismoon, GNU Free Documentation License

Ɛfa Euxenite Ɔbo ho

Euxenite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wɔtaa hu wɔ kɔla tuntum te sɛ bruu kosi tuntum mu. Nyansahu mu din a ɛfata ne euxenite-(Y).

Polycrase-(Y) yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛte sɛ euxenite yiye — ɛte sɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ, nokwarem no, araa ma aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom bu no sɛ ɛyɛ pɛ. Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) nmpene polycrase-(Y) so sɛ aboɔden abo a aban mpanyimfo yɛ.

Euxenite a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Euxenite yɛ abo ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ asase mu nneɛma a wɔntaa nhu, titiriw niobium ne tantalum .

Aboɔden abo a wɔde di dwuma sɛ tantalum aboɔden abo wɔ mfiridwuma mu nkutoo ne tantalite, microlite, wodginite, polycrase, ne euxenite.

Wɔde tantalum di dwuma titiriw wɔ:

• Aduruyɛ nnwinnade & nneɛma te sɛ oprehyɛn nhama, radioactive tracers, ne contrast agents ma CTs & MRIs

• Oprehyɛn a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu te sɛ nkwaa a wɔde ayɛ, ntini a wɔde siesie asau, ti nhwi mprɛte, nneɛma a wɔde siw mogya ano & koma anaa ntini mu stents

• Ahoɔden, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɔhyew a ɛkorɔn alloys ma applications te sɛ dade-twitwa carbides, jet engines & nuklea reactors

• Electrical components te sɛ resistors & capacitors ma nneɛma te sɛ kɔmputa, cameras & cell phones

• Nkuku a wɔde nnuru yɛ adwuma wɔ nsu a ɛporɔw mu

• Mframa a wɔde bɔ ho ban (sɛ nhwɛso no, wɔ Voyager 1 ne Voyager 2 ahunmu hyɛn mu) .

• Ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ refractive index a ɛkorɔn wɔ mfoninitwa afiri ahwehwɛ mu

Nneɛma titiriw a wɔde niobium di dwuma ne:

• Stronger, weldable dadeɛ ne dadeɛ a ɛkorɔn a ɛko tia ɔhyew, oxidation, & corrosion

• Superconductors a wɔde sie ahoɔden wɔ magnetic fields (SMES nhyehyɛe), generators, nuklea MRI mfiri, & nuklea magnetic resonance spectrometers

• Ahunmu afã horow te sɛ engine & gas turbine blades

• Atom ahoɔden reactors & nuklea pɛtro a wɔde afrafra

• Electronic , laser tech, ne infrared afã horow te sɛ capacitors, tubes & vacuum mfiri

• Aduruyɛ / oprehyɛn nnwinnade & implants te sɛ nnompe screws anaa mprɛte, artificial sẽ ntini & oprehyɛn nnwinnade

• Acid- ne dade-resistant nnuru nnwinnade & catalysts

• Metallurgy nnwinnade te sɛ dade-twitwa carbides & graphite nkrataa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ kar afã horow

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Euxenite (Ne mu duru: 16.67 g) – Beae a wohuu no: Harare, Zimbabwe (kan no na wɔfrɛ no Salisbury, Rhodesia) | Mfonini no: © Raimond Spekking / CC BY-SA 4.0 (ɛnam Wikimedia Commons so)

Euxenite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Yttrium, niobium, ne titanium wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no euxenite-(Y) mu bere nyinaa. Calcium, cerium, uranium, thorium, ne tantalum taa wɔ hɔ.

Aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den yiye, wɔtaa kyerɛw euxenite nnuru a wɔde yɛ no sɛ (Y,Ca,Ce,U,Th)(Nb,Ta,Ti)2O6. Mpɛn pii no, niobium ne tantalum a ɛwɔ mu (sɛ wɔaka abom) bɛn titanium a ɛwɔ mu no anaasɛ ɛne no yɛ pɛ.

Euxenite nhyehyeɛ a IMA apene so no yɛ Y(NbTi)O6 kɛkɛ, nanso wɔsan nso kyerɛw mineral tanteuxenite-(Y) a ɛwɔ nhyehyeɛ Y(TaTi)O6. Euxenite-(Y) ne tanteuxenite-(Y) yɛ isostructural.

Euxenite wɔ eponymous euxenite kuw no mu , ne:

• Fersemite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Kobeite-(Y) .

• Loranskite-(Y) 1. Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so.

• Tanteuxenite-(Y) na ɛyɛ adwuma.

• Uranopolycrase a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Yttrocrasite-(Y) 10. Ɔkwan a wɔfa so yɛ ade.

Aboɔden abo no ne polycrase-(Y) yɛ ntoatoaso. Ɛyɛ ntoatoaso foforo a ɛne columbite, titiriw columbite-(Fe) ne columbite-(Mn).

In terms of crystal habits , euxenite taa yɛ metamict , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ abɛyɛ nea ɛnyɛ ahwehwɛ anaasɛ ne fã bi nni nsɛ esiane radioactive a ɛporɔw nkakrankakra nti. Sɛ wɔde metamict euxenite yɛ hyew a, ebetumi asan de ne nhyehyɛe a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ no aba.

Wohu euxenite a ɛnyɛ metamict sɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ den na ɛyɛ prismatic a ɛwɔ nsensanee a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Euxenite nso ba sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den, nnuadewa a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ anim fã bi anaasɛ enni hɔ, anaasɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔaboaboa ano a ebetumi ayɛ hann, ɛne ne ho di nsɛ, anaasɛ ɛnyɛ nea ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Twinning abu so wɔ {201} na ɛntaa nsi wɔ {013} anaa {101} so.

Euxenite agyapade a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 5.5-6.5

• Kɔla : Tuntum, bruu-tuntum, ahabammono-tuntum, ngodua-ahabammono; Ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri anaa bruu wɔ hann a wɔde fa nnipa mu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic; Ebia ɛbɛyɛ fã bi anaasɛ koraa amorphous sɛ metamict

• Luster : Submetallic, srade, vitreous, anaa resinous; Waxy anaa resinous wɔ mmeae a abubu

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ hann kosi nea ɛnyɛ hann; Ɛntaa mma sɛ ɛda adi pefee wɔ asinasin mu

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 2.06-2.24

• Nnipa dodow : 4.30-5.90; Ɛsono sɛnea tantalum a ɛwɔ mu no te

• Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ

• Abubu : Conchoidal anaa sub-conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa-biribiri, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, anaa kɔkɔɔ-biribiri

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Birefringence : Biara nni hɔ

• Apete : Biara nni hɔ

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Euxenite tete nneɛma akorae a ɛyɛ fitaa ne pink a efi Wakefield Township a ɛwɔ Quebec, Canada | Mfonini no fi: Pacific Asase Tete Nneɛma Akorae a efi Canada, CC-BY-SA-2.0

Euxenite Abakɔsɛm

Euxenite ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan a wotintimii wɔ 1840 mu no gyinaa nhwɛsode ahorow a efi Vestland, Norway so. Germanni-Norwayni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Theodor Scheerer na ɔkyerɛw nkyerɛkyerɛmu no.

Scheerer paw edin “euxenite” no fii Hela kasa mu euxenos , a ɛkyerɛ “ahɔhoyɛ” anaa “adamfofa su ma ahɔho” efisɛ nneɛma pii a ɛho yɛ na na ɛho hia wɔ aboɔden abo no mu.

Monikers afoforo a wɔde dii dwuma ma euxenite bere bi a atwam:

• Guimaraesite a wɔfrɛ no Guimaraesite

• Lyndochite a wɔfrɛ no Lyndochite

• Polycrase-(Y) na ɛyɛ .

Brazilni asase ho nimdefo Djalma Guimarães kaa “ Guimaraesite ” ho asɛm wɔ 1926 mu sɛ ɛyɛ titanium, uranium, dade columbate ne tantalate. Gagarin & Cuomo paw saa din yi wɔ 1951 mu, nanso akyiri yi wohui sɛ ɛyɛ euxenite-(Y).

Efi afe 2006 no, wɔde “guimarãesite” na ɛyɛ calcium zinc magnesium beryllium phosphate mineral a ɛyɛ den.

Canadani asase ho nimdefo Hardy Vincent Ellsworth de “ lyndochite ” dii dwuma nea edi kan wɔ 1927 mu de yɛɛ nhwɛsode ahorow a efi Lyndoch Kuropɔn mu wɔ Ontario, Canada. Mfiase no na wosusuw sɛ ɛyɛ columbite kuw aboɔden abo foforo, na akyiri yi nhwehwɛmu daa no adi sɛ ɛyɛ euxenite-(Y) ahorow ketewaa bi.

Wɔ 1928 mu no, Australiani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo ne asase ho nimdefo Edward Sydney Simpson dii kan kaa aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no tanteuxenite , a akyiri yi wɔyɛɛ nsakrae ma ɛbɛyɛɛ tanteuxenite-(Y), a efi Australia Atɔe fam no ho asɛm.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Euxenite, ahwehwɛ a wɔaboaboa ano (11 cm) - Vegusdal, Norway | Mfonini no fi: Aangelo, GNU Free Documentation License

Euxenite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Ɔbo a ɛsa yare a ɛyɛ tuntum titiriw , na euxenite ntease da sɛnea aboɔden abo tuntum afoforo gyina fam na ɛbɔ ho ban no adi . Ɛsan nso yɛ ntini chakra ɔbo a tumi wom .

Heads up: sɛ wode euxenite di dwuma ma crystal healing a, mfa nni dwuma wɔ crystal elixirs biara mu anaasɛ di.

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wogye di sɛ euxenite di nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Nkwammoaa a ɛko tia nyarewa no dwumadi

• Ɔbrɛ

• Ntini mu mmerɛwyɛ

• Tirimudie

• Aduannuru a wɔtwetwe

Wɔ metaphysical ayaresa akyi no, wɔde euxenite asase mu nneɛma a wɔntaa nhu no nso di dwuma wɔ aduruyɛ mu nneɛma ahorow mu.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔka sɛ wɔ nkate fam no, euxenite ahwehwɛ ma aduannuru, ɛbɔ wo ho ban fi adwennwen ho na ɛboa wo ma woyɛ adwuma wɔ nkate a emu yɛ den mu. Ebia wɔn grounding properties nso bɛboa wo ma woayɛ w’adwene, woatumi agyina ano, na woayɛ ahonim pa.

Euxenite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Esiane sɛ ɛho yɛ na wɔ aboɔden abo mu nti, euxenite grading criteria a ɛyɛ gyinapɛn biara nni hɔ. Yɛbɛda so ara aka sɛnea standard grading factors no betumi afa euxenite bo a ɛsom ho:

• Kɔla : Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ euxenite abo nyinaa yɛ tuntum, mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ fitaa anaa tuntum, enti kɔla biara a ɛda nsow anaa nea ɛwɔ ase te sɛ ahabammono anaa kɔkɔɔ betumi de mfaso aka ho. Euxenite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã pii no yɛ nea wontumi nhu na ɛyɛ tuntum a nsensanee anaa ntini a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ hare wɔ so.

• Cut : Euxenite ntaa nyɛ faceted , na ɛma faceted options ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo kakra. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, wotwitwa euxenite ma ɛyɛ cabochons . Wɔtwa aboɔden abo dodow no ara ma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano titiriw. Euxenite dodow no ara a wɔtɔn no yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa).

• Transparency : Euxenite dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛnyɛ hann anaasɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ hann wɔ anoano a ɛyɛ tratraa so. Ɛntaa mma sɛ euxenite ahwehwɛ no nya asinasin a ɛda adi pefee.

• Carat Weight & Size : Wobetumi atwitwa euxenite asinasin a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ayɛ no aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow, nanso eyinom yɛ nketenkete bere nyinaa. Euxenite aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ translucent kosi opaque mpo yɛ nketewa bere nyinaa. Wubetumi ahu opaque faceted euxenite aboɔden abo a ɛkɔ soro kodu 4 carats.

Ansa na wobetwa anaa wɔbɛtɔn no, ɔkwan bɛn so na euxenite yɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Euxenite-(Y) nhwɛsode a efi Colorado a ɛwɔ srade a ɛhyerɛn a ɛtaa ba ne kɔla tuntum ma mpɔtam hɔ; Nhwɛsode pa a wɔde gyina so a efi Richard A. Kosnar nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Euxenite Nkyekyɛmu & Fibea

Euxenite aboɔden abo no ba wɔ magmatic nnidiso nnidiso (sɛnea magma dwo yɛ ɔbotan) bere a titanium dwumadi kɔ soro bere a tantalum, niobium, manganese, ne dade dwumadi so tew no.

Ntoatoaso no fi ase wɔ columbite-(Fe), afei ixiolite ne ferrowodginite a ɛwɔ titanium, afei samarskite kuw aboɔden abo, afei euxenite kuw aboɔden abo.

Sɛ nsuo a ɛyɛ hyew nam metasomatism so sesa ɔbotan a euxenite aboɔden abo wom no a, aboɔden aboɔ no tumi sesa abɛyɛ pyrochlore aboɔden abo ahodoɔ.

Wohu Euxenite wɔ granite pegmatites ne placer anaa detrital anhwea tuntum a ɛwɔ hɔ mu.

Ɛhe na wohu euxenite wɔ asasesin mu?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Nneɛma titiriw a wonya fi euxenite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ ne Norway ne Canada. Wohu ahwehwɛ akɛse nso wɔ Wyoming, U.S.A.

Euxenite fibea afoforo a ɛda nsow ne:

• Australia

• Brazil

• Finland na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Greenland na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Madagascar

• Russia

• Sweden

• U.S.A. (Arizona, California, Colorado, Maine, Pennsylvania, Virginia) .

• Zaire

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Euxenite-(Y) a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a efi Texas, U.S.A.; Frank Roberts na ɔboaboaa ano, afe 2007; Aguadi a efi Art Smith hɔ; K. Nash nhwɛsode & mfonini | Mfonini no fi: Kelly Nash, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Euxenite Bo & Ne Bo

Faceted euxenite aboɔden abo bo nyɛ nea ɛba fam, nanso ɛba fam sen sɛnea wobɛhwɛ kwan sɛ wususuw wɔn ho a ɛho yɛ na ho a — ebia esiane sɛ ɛyɛ nea wɔhwehwɛ pii nti.

Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, euxenite a ɛwɔ afã horow no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 11 kosi 40 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 40 kosi 100 biara.

Euxenite bo a ɛyɛ den (a wɔantwitwa) no bo fi bɛyɛ dɔla 15 kosi dɔla 160 biara. Ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodow no ara taa nyɛ nea ɛsom bo kɛse gye sɛ ɛyɛ akɛse. Mpɛn pii no, ahwehwɛ tuntum anaa bruu a emu dɔ a ɛhyerɛn no bo yɛ den.

Euxenite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan no, so euxenite yɛ radioactive? Ebia ɛbɛyɛ saa, sɛnea efĩ a ɛtaa ba uranium ne thorium yɛ radioactive no. Asase a ɛho yɛ na a ɛwɔ euxenite mu no nso de asiane ba sɛ awuduru betumi aba.

Sɛ wode nneɛma a ɛho yɛ na a ɛwɔ honam ani, aniwa, anaa ɔhome nhyehyɛe so di nkitaho (a wohome mfutuma a ɛntaa nsi) a, ebetumi ama woahyɛ abufuw, apira, na woanya nyarewa te sɛ ahurututu mu yare anaa ahurututu mu yare sɛ wode wo ho hyɛ mu pii a.

Wɔn a wɔwɔ asiane kɛse mu ne lapidarists (wɔn a wotwitwa aboɔden abo), a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe pii. Sɛ worentwa euxenite a, ɛsɛ sɛ wode ahwɛyiye di aboɔden abo no ho dwuma, na sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, wode sie ade a wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma a wɔato mu a afieboa anaa mmofra ntumi nkɔ mu mu.

Esiane sɛ radioactivity yɛ asiane nti, yɛhyɛ nyansa sɛ fa Geiger counter sie na ama woahwɛ ahu sɛ ɛremma mframa a ɛyɛ hu biara nkɔ dan no mu.

Hwehwɛ nsɛm pii wɔ yɛn asɛm a ɛfa ahobammɔ ho afotu a wɔde bedi aboɔden abo a awuduru ne radioactive ho dwuma ho no mu .

Ma Wo Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano no So denam Euxenite so!

Ebia ɛbɛyɛ te sɛ nea Euxenite yɛ hu kakra, nanso sɛ wodi ho dwuma yiye a, aboɔden abo fɛfɛ yi yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ aniberesɛm sɛ wubenya. Efi ahwehwɛ tuntum a ɛhyerɛn so kosi bruu a emu dɔ nhwɛsode ahorow so, ne su soronko pii a wɔde aka ho no, euxenite yɛ nwonwa ampa — ɛboro ne “nwura kotoku” abodin no so koraa.

Kɔtɔ euxenite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ fɛ nnɛ!