Ettringite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Ettringite (wɔbɔ no EHT-ring-ite) yɛ abɔde mu aboɔden abo a wɔtaa hu sɛ ahwehwɛ fitaa anaa kɔkɔɔ. Ɛwom sɛ wɔn a wɔboaboa nneɛma ano hwehwɛ ahwehwɛ wɔ ɔkwan bi so de, nanso wonim ettringite yiye sɛ ɛyɛ nea wɔayɛ wɔ semɛnte mu.

So ettringite ho yɛ na? Aboɔden abo no ankasa, ɛnyɛ pii saa. Nanso crystals ho yɛ na na ettringite aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no yɛ super rare.

Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, yɛbɛka biribiara a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu fa ettringite ho, efi ne su ne ne tumi so kosi ne bo ne abakɔsɛm so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ hyew te sɛ lemon-kɔla wɔ matrix shard a ɛyɛ tratraa so | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Ettringite Ɔbo ho

Ettringite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a emu da hɔ kosi kɔkɔɔ a ɛsom bo fã bi . Dɛn ne din foforo a wɔde frɛ ettringite? Kakraa bi wɔ hɔ:

• Semɛnte a wɔde yɛ bacillus

• Candelot nkyene a wɔde yɛ

• Nnua a wɔfrɛ no Woodfordite

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, ettringite yɛ Gemini awobo . Nanso wonim no yiye kɛse wɔ semɛnte adwumayɛ mu.

Ettringite Kɔnkreti a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Ettringite a wɔtaa de di dwuma (ne nea ɛwɔ hɔ) ne semɛnte , titiriw Portland semɛnte. Semɛnte a wɔtaa yɛ wɔ wiase nyinaa, wɔde Portland semɛnte di dwuma wɔ stucco, atɛkyɛ, grouts bi, ne nokwarem no, kɔnkrit mu.

Dɛn ne ettringite a ɛba wɔ kɔnkrit mu? Wɔ kɔnkrit wiase no mu no, wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, ettringite yɛ ade a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔfrɛ no hexacalcium aluminate trisulfate hydrate.

Ɛyɛ wɔ supersulphated ne Portland semɛnte mu sɛ nsu a efi tricalcium aluminate a ɛne calcium sulfate anaa gypsum yɛ adwuma mu . Gypsum anaa calcium sulfate yɛ ade a ɛma semɛnte a wotumi hwie gu no ntumi nyɛ den ntɛm dodo.

Nanso, nnuru a ɛma ne ho yɛ pɛ (sɛ nhwɛso no, fam) hia nsu a ɛso tew, a wonya denam emu ne akyi a ɛyow so. Ettringite boa ma emu no wow ntɛmntɛm efisɛ ahwehwɛ no yɛ ntɛmntɛm na ɛkura nsu pii sen hydrates afoforo.

Enti, so ettringite ye anaasɛ enye wɔ semɛnte mu? Egyina bere a ɛbae so.

Ettringite a ɛkyɛ (DEF) no nye. Sɛ ɛyɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ nsakrae wɔ semɛnte a nsu wom dedaw a sulfate wom mu a, ebetumi ama asɛe, apaapae kɛse, na asɛe nneɛma ahorow nyinaa. Sɛ ɛwɔ semɛnte nsu a edi kan mu dedaw a, eye ma bere a afrafrade no hyehyɛ no so.

Ettringite Afoforo a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Sɛ nneɛma atitiriw a wɔde di dwuma wɔ semɛnte mu da nkyɛn a, ettringite ho wɔ mfaso nso ma:

• Satin krataa fitaa a wɔde kata so

• Nkuku a wɔde yɛ aduru a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛhyerɛn

• Mineral a wɔde hyɛ mu ma

Bio nso, ettringite a wɔayɛ no so wɔ mfaso ma sulfates a woyi fi nsu a sulphuric acid ayɛ mu fĩ mu. Plus, its high ion exchange capacity, a property beneficial for waste management , wɔasua ho ade sɛ wɔde bedi dwuma wɔ dade a awuduru wom a wɔmfa nkɔ baabiara mu — sɛ nhwɛso no, chromite ore processing residue (COPR), a ɛyɛ chromate a wɔyɛ mu ba a ebetumi agu asase ase nsu ne mfuw mu fĩ.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Gemmy akuwakuw, ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ettringite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ calcium aluminium sulfate mineral a nsu wom (anaasɛ nsu wom) no, wobetumi akyerɛw ettringite nhyehyɛe no sɛ:

• Ca6Al2 (SO4) 3 (OH) 12 · 27H2O

• Ca6Al2 (SO4) 3 (OH) 12 · 26H2O

• Ca6AI2 (SO4) 3 (OH) 12 · 24 H2O

• (Ca6 [Al (OH) 6] 2 (SO4) 3.26H2O) .

Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) gye nnuru a edi kan a wɔabobɔ din wɔ atifi hɔ no tom.

Aboɔden abo no yɛ eptringite kuw a wɔfrɛ no eponymous a ɛyɛ calcium-metal-oxysalts a ɛyɛ den a carbonate, sulfate, borate, silicate, ne germate anions wom no fã.

Kuw no nso ka ho (ne afoforo) bentorite, siwaqaite, thaumasite, ne sturmanite. Ettringite yɛ aluminium analogue a ɛwɔ bentorite mu ne sulfate analogue a ɛwɔ siwaqaite mu.

Wɔkaa sturmanite ho asɛm sɛ “ferric iron, boron analogue of ettringite” wɔ ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1983 mu, na ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛte sɛ ettringite sen biara. Nsonsonoe a ɛda abien no ntam no hwehwɛ sɛ wɔde nnuru hwehwɛ mu, wɔtaa kyerɛw abien no mu nhwɛsode ahorow no din wɔ ɔkwan a ɛnteɛ so sɛ ɔfoforo no, na nhwɛsode ahorow bi mpo yɛ abien no nyinaa afrafra.

Ettringite ahwehwɛ taa yɛ prismatic, striated, na ɛyɛ nketewa a enni anim a etwa to (a wɔfrɛ no “wɔnwiei”). Aboɔden abo no nso ba sɛ nhama a ɛyɛ tratraa, nnade atenten, anaasɛ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano te sɛ kotoku.

Nsu a ɛtɔ fã bi anaa ne nyinaa bɛma nsakrae aba ettringite mu, na ama n’aniwa sɛnkyerɛnne no ayɛ uniaxial positive (sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ uniaxial negative), ne kɔla yɛ fitaa, na ne transparency ayɛ opaque.

Ettringite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 2-2.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono; Ɛdan fitaa bere a nsu a ɛho ayɛ fĩ fã bi no

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Ahinanan (afã abiɛsa) .

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ) .

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee; Ebetumi adan opaque bere a nsu fã bi afi wim tebea mu

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.470-1.491

• Nnipa dodow : 1.77

• Cleavage : Rhombohedral a ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ {1010} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.021

• Apete : Wonnim

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛhyerɛn, ɛyɛ prismatic, a enni kɔla a efi Germany | Mfonini no fi: Leon Hupperichs, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ettringite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Te sɛ aboɔden abo fitaa pii , ettringite a enni kɔla betumi agyina hɔ ama ahotew, nea emu da hɔ, ne ahotoso. Mpɛn pii no, ettringite yɛ nneɛma abien, mfiase foforo, ne nyansa ho sɛnkyerɛnne.

Wɔ tete Chinafo nyansapɛ ahemman mu, titiriw yin ne yang no, ettringite ne Yin ahoɔden hyia. Yin ahoɔden yɛ ɔbea, onwini, ahomegye ahoɔden a ɛma wogye tom, sen sɛ ɛbɛyɛ Yang ahoɔden a ɛyɛ hyew, ɛnyɛ ahomegye, a ɛyɛ nnam.

Nanso kae: yin ne yang adwene ne sɛ ɛbɛkae yɛn sɛ asetra pa fi ahoɔden abien no nyinaa a ɛkari pɛ mu.

Abakɔsɛm

Ettringite din no fi mmeae abien a edi kan a wɔkyerɛw too hɔ no biako ne ne type localities no biako mu: Ettringen, Germany. Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Johannes Lehmann tintim aban nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1874 mu.

Ná Lehmann nkyerɛkyerɛmu no yɛ krataa a ɔkyerɛw kɔmaa Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Gerhard vom Rath, a na waka calcium silicate aboɔden abo foforo a nsu wom a ɔfrɛɛ no ​​“chalcomorphite” a efi Eifel ogya bepɔw beae a ɛwɔ Germany wɔ 1873 mu no ho asɛm.

Lehmann susuwii sɛ n’ankasa Ettringen nhwɛsode ahorow no yɛ chalcomorphite, nanso wɔ ne krataa no mu no, ɔdaa no adi sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo foforo foforo a ɔfrɛɛ no ​​“ettringite.”

Wɔ mfe du du kakraa a edi hɔ no mu no, wohuu ettringite (calcium sulfoaluminate a nsu wom) a wɔayɛ wɔ semɛnte mu.

Wɔtoo ade no din “ Candlot nkyene ” denam Franseni nnuruyɛfo Édouard Candlot a odii kan huu saa ettringite yi wɔ Portland semɛnte mu na ɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ semɛnte mu nsu ho no din.

Wɔ 1943 mu no, Amerikani asase ho nimdefo Alfred Oswald Woodford huu aboɔden abo bi wɔ Crestmore, California, U.S.A., a na ontumi nhu. Asase ho animdefo Joseph Murdoh ne Robert A. Chalmers tintim ɔbo no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu no wɔ 1958 mu a wɔde edin “ woodfordite ” too so, na wɔhyɛɛ no ​​nsow sɛ ɛte sɛ ettringite koraa.

Wɔ 1960 mu no, IMA no buu “woodfordite” din, na wɔbobɔɔ din sɛ asɛmfua a ɛne ettringite hyia.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Gemmy a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa, ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ prism su a ɛwɔ ahinanan; Charlie Key Nneɛma a Wɔaboaboa Ano | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ettringite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛsa yare , ettringite wɔ tumi a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ afoforo , na ɛde anidaso, atirimpɔw foforo, ne mfiase foforo ba. Wobetumi nso de adi dwuma sɛ owia plexus anaa abotiri chakra ɔbo .

Nanso mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ ettringite so wɔ honam fam?

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wogye di sɛ ettringite boa wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Nnuan a wɔyam

• Ahrawa

• Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu

• Heavy metal & awuduru a wɔayi afi hɔ

• Menewa mu yaw

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔka sɛ wɔ nkate fam no, ettringite ahwehwɛ ma w’adwene kɔ so, titiriw esiane sɛ wuhu obi adwene ankasa nti. Crystal ayaresafo kamfo kyerɛ sɛ ɛhyɛ wo ho nkate mu den, ɛkari pɛ wɔ nkate horow mu, na ɛboa wo ma wugye nkate mu asetra mu nkɔanim ne nsu a ɛsen no tom a womfa wo nkɔ.

Ettringite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Ettringite aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no ho yɛ na yiye, enti wonni gyinapɛn a wɔde hyɛ mu. Nanso, yɛbɛda so ara akɔ sɛnea nneɛma a ɛsom bo a wɔtaa de di dwuma no fa ettringite ho no so:

• Kɔla : Esiane sɛ ettringite kɔkɔɔ ho yɛ na nti, ebia ɛsom bo sen ahwehwɛ fitaa anaa kɔla a ɛtaa ba no.

• Twitwa : Ettringite ahwehwɛ dodow no ara yɛ den kosi nea entumi nyɛ yiye sɛ wɔbɛfa so, efisɛ ɛtaa yɛ nketewa dodo na ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Eyi kyerɛ sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow (ne aboɔden abo a wɔatwa no nyinaa) ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo. Lapidaries betumi ayɛ nhwɛsode ahorow a ettringite ne aboɔden abo foforo a ɛyɛ den kɛse wom no afã. Ettringite a wɔtɔn no mu dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa).

• Nneɛma a ɛda adi : Ettringite abo pii yɛ nufusu, enti sɛ ɛda adi kɛse a, ebetumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse.

• Carat Weight & Size : Ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a agye din no mu dodow no ara fi South Africa. Esiane sɛ ettringite nneɛma no fã kɛse no ara sua kosi sɛ ɛyɛ nea wɔde hwɛ nneɛma nketenkete mpo nti, nhwɛsode akɛse betumi akura mfaso kɛse.

Sɛ yɛreka baabi a efi ho asɛm a, ɔkwan bɛn so na ɛhe na ettringite yɛ?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Ettringite-sturmanite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw abiɛsa a efi South Africa

Ettringite Nkyekyɛmu & Nneɛma a Ɛfiri Hɔ

Ettringite tumi nam akwan kakraa bi so ne tebea ahorow so na ɛba, nanso nokwarem no, ɛntaa nsi sɛ wubehu sɛ wɔayɛ no wɔ abɔde mu sen sɛ wubehu sɛ wɔayɛ no semɛnte mu.

Abɔde mu ettringite aboɔden abo pii ba bere a aboɔden abo afoforo sesa fi wim tebea anaa nsakrae mu no. Sɛnea ɛte no, wobɛtaa ahu ettringite wɔ limestone anaa xenoliths a asakra mu, ne larnite a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛnam wim tebea so ayɛ no mu.

Aboɔden abo a wɔtaa de bata ettringite ho no bi ne:

• Afwillitefoɔ

• Calcite a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Gaudefroyite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Gypsum a wɔfrɛ no Gypsum

• Hashemitefoɔ

• Hausmannite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Hematite a ɛwɔ nipadua no mu

• Hydrocalumite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Manganite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Mayenitefo na wɔte saa

• Oyelite a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Portlandnifo na wɔte saa

• Sturmanite a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu ettringite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

South Africa agye din sɛ wɔyɛ ettringite ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara no bi. South Africa abo yi pii yɛ ettringite wɔ mfinimfini a wɔde sturmanite kɔkɔɔ akata so.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛda nsow a wonya ettringite ahwehwɛ ne:

• Germany

• New Jersey, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

• France

• Israel

• Ireland

• California, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

Wɔ Israel (ne mmeae a ɛbɛn hɔ) no, ettringite da nsow wɔ Hatrurim Formation, asase ho ade soronko bi a wɔsan frɛ no “Mottled Zone” no mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Ettringite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ translucent, ɛyɛ aboɔden abo kakra, kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ettringite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛwom sɛ ɛntaa mma sɛ ettringite a ɛho tew no yɛ afã horow de, nanso wubetumi ahu aboɔden abo ahorow a ɛwɔ afã horow a wɔde ettringite ne aboɔden abo afoforo ayɛ. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ eyinom nyinaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ, gye ebinom a enni kɔla.

Saa aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no ettringite a ɛwɔ afã horow yi fi bɛyɛ dɔla 60 kosi dɔla 250 wɔ carat biara mu, anaasɛ emu biara bɛyɛ dɔla 90 kosi 1,200.

Ettringite a wɔtɔn no mu dodow no ara yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa). Ettringite ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ a wɔayɛ no yiye no biara fi bɛyɛ dɔla 45 kosi dɔla 700. Sɛ wɔde saa ahwehwɛ yi bata hausmannite ho a, emu biara betumi ayɛ dɔla 750 kosi 3,500.

Ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ akuwakuw no bo sua, na ne bo bɛyɛ dɔla 25 kosi 300, ɛwom sɛ ebinom betumi adu dɔla 750 de. Mpɛn pii no, Ettringite druzy bo yɛ dɔla 60 kosi 400 wɔ nhwɛsode biara ho.

Nea ɛka rough a ne bo yɛ den kɛse ho ne ettringite-sturmanite a wɔde afra a wɔtaa de di dwuma, a ne kɛse bɛyɛ dɔla 15 kosi 40 wɔ akɛse mu.

Ettringite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Wɔ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho no , ettringite yɛ mmerɛw sen aboɔden abo afoforo. Ɛbɛpete ne fã bi wɔ nsu mu, enti ɛbɛyɛ papa sɛ wobɛma nsu ankɔ mu.

Nanso, nsu a ɛho ntew betumi ama ettringite ayɛ nea wontumi nhu. Wɔn a wɔboaboa aboɔden abo ano no binom de ngo a ɛwɔ aboɔden aboɔ no kata ɔboɔ no so de siw eyi ano, bere a afoforo de wɔn aboɔden abo no sie ade bi a wɔde nkyene a wɔahyɛ no ma wɔ ade a wɔato mu mu nkyɛn na ama nsu a ɛyɛ nwini a ɛfata no akɔ so atra hɔ.

Wubetumi atew ɔbo no ho denam ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a mfutuma nnim a microfiber wom a wode bɛpopa so.

So Wo Koma Ahyɛ Ɔbo mu wɔ Ettringite so?

Bere a ebia ettringite abu so kɛse wɔ fam anaa akwan a ɛwɔ w’ase no mu no, saa ahwehwɛ yi betumi ayɛ nneɛma a ɛsom bo a wɔde bɛka aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu anaasɛ baabi a wɔde siesie nneɛma ho!

Kɔtɔ ettringite ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ soronko foforo nnɛ!