Ekanite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Ekanite yɛ aboɔden abo soronko a ɛtaa yɛ ahabammono a wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no nim no kɛse. Ɛyɛ ade a wɔahu nnansa yi, a wodii kan huu no wɔ 1950 mfe no mu.

Ɔbo no yɛ soronko efisɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo kakraa bi a ɛwɔ abɔde mu a ɛyɛ radioactive no mu biako.

So ekanite ho yɛ na? Yep. Aboɔden abo no ankasa ho yɛ na, na nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo no ho yɛ na mpo, ɛwom sɛ wɔayɛ ebinom afã horow de. Nea ɛkanite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na no fã bi ne sɛ saa ahwehwɛ yi pii porɔw wɔ radioactive mu.

Wopɛ sɛ wusua pii? Bata ho na woahu ekanite aboɔden abo ne aboɔden aboɔ nyinaa, ne abakɔsɛm, ne boɔ, sɛdeɛ wɔde di dwuma, ne ahobanbɔ ho akwankyerɛ a ɛsɛ sɛ wohunu nyinaa.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Green faceted ekanite, bɛyɛ 0.1g | Mfonini no fi: Geni, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Ɛfa Ekanite Ɔbo ho

Ekanite (wɔbɔ no EH-kuh-nyte) yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ soronko wɔ nea ɛwɔ mu ne nea ɛma aniwa hu ade.

Ade a ebetumi ayɛ ekanite ho mfonini ne brazilianite , ɛwom sɛ ɛwɔ density, birefringence, ne refractive indices a ɛba fam de.

Ekanite pii te sɛ kornerupine koraa wɔ kɔla, ne nsusuwii, ne nneɛma afoforo mu. Abo abien no nyinaa tumi da nsoromma mu hwɛ adi.

Ekanite Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Sɛ́ aboɔden abo kakraa bi a ɛwɔ radioactive no mu biako no, nea wɔde ekanite di dwuma titiriw ne sɛ wobesua nkɛntɛnso a radioactive porɔw nya wɔ aboɔden abo so.

Ade soronko biako a ɛfa metamict ekanite ho (ɛka ho asɛm pii a edi hɔ) ne sɛ enni radiogenic lead loss anaasɛ nnuru a ɛsakra wɔ onyin akyi. Wɔreyɛ saa mframa a ɛko tia mframa kɛse yi ho nhwehwɛmu de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ nuklea nwura ahorow a ɛkɔ akyiri ho.

Ekanite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ calcium thorium silicate no, ekanite no nsusuwii ne Ca2ThSi8O20. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ ekanite mu no nso betumi ayɛ efĩ a ɛne uranium, dade, kɔbere, aluminium, manganese, ne magnesium.

Efĩ a abu so ne uranium, kɔbere, ne dade. Sɛnea ɛte no, ɛtɔ da bi a wɔkyerɛw ekanite mineral formula no sɛ (Ca,Fe,Pb)2(Th,U)Si8O20 anaa (Th,U)(Ca,Fe,Pb)2Si8O20.

Thorium ne uranium silicate mineral steacyite a ɛyɛ den no ne ekanite wɔ abusuabɔ. Nokwarem no, akyiri yi “ekanite” a ɛnyɛ metamict a wohuu wɔ Canada no bɛdaa adi sɛ ɛyɛ steacyite.

Dɛn na “non-metamict” kyerɛ? Ekanites a wɔnyɛ metamict no nnyaa metamictization adeyɛ no mu, enti wɔda so ara yɛ crystalline.

Metamict minerals no kura radioactive elements a ɛde metamictization , a ɛporɔw nkakrankakra a ɛde nhyehyɛe no sɛe. Saa ɔsɛe yi ka ɔbo no ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe ne ne su te sɛ birefringence, refractive index, density, hardness, ne kɔla.

Nanso, wobetumi de ɔhyew a wɔde yɛ adwuma no asan de saa nneɛma yi aba. Aboɔden abo afoforo a ebetumi ayɛ metamict ne monazite , sphene (titanite) , zircon a ɛba fam , ne microlite .

Ekanite nhwɛsode a ɛnyɛ metamict betumi ayɛ prismatic, granular, anaa pyramidal crystals, a emu pii yɛ striated.

Anwonwasɛm ne sɛ, ekanite nhwɛsode ahorow a nsu soa no taa nya nsusuwii a ɛnteɛ a ɛwɔ abura ne abon pii, na ɛte sɛ moldavite kakra. (Abo dodow no ara a nsu soa no, fi awosu mu na wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ ma ayɛ kurukuruwa na ɛyɛ torotoro).

Ekanite agyapade a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 4.5-6.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, ɛyɛ sare-kɔla, kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi tuntum, ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi bruu tuntum, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, kɔkɔɔ tuntum

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Tetragonal; Ebia abo a wɔfrɛ no metamict no yɛ nea enni nsɛso

• Luster : Vitreous anaasɛ srade wom

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee; Ebinom yɛ opaque bere a wɔayɛ no hyew pɛnkoro

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.595-1.597 (metamict); 1.568-1.580 (ɛnyɛ metamict) .

• Nnipa dodow : 2.95-3.36

• Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/eye wɔ {101} so, ɛnyɛ nea ɛda nsow wɔ {001} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.001-0.006, mpɛn pii no 0.012; Ebia ɛbɛyɛ isotropic sɛ metamict

• Ntrɛwmu : 0.012-0.018 (mmerɛw) .

• Optical effects : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a asterism, chatoyancy, anaa Tyndall apete

Momma yɛnkyerɛkyerɛ saa optical effects no mu nkɔ akyiri.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Faceted a ɛhyerɛn ahabammono ekanite, 0.6 carats | Mfonini no fi Oak Ridge Associated Universities (ORAU) Tete Nneɛma Akorae a Ɛhwɛ Mframa ne Mframa a Ɛyɛ Fɛ So

Ekanite ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa wɔ aniwa so

Ekanite betumi ada nneɛma bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa adi wɔ aniwa so :

Tyndall a Wɔpete Apete

Aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a wɔde aniwa hu no mu biako, Tyndall apete ne bere a nneɛma nketenkete a ɛsensɛn hɔ pete hann bi, te sɛ nea wuhu mfutuma nketenkete a ɛrehuruhuruw wɔ owia hann bi mu.

Wɔ aboɔden abo te sɛ ekanite mu no, Tyndall apete ba esiane nneɛma nketenkete a wɔde ka ho nti na ɛtaa ma ɔbo no hwɛ sɛ mununkum na ɛwɔ afã horow bi, kɔla foforo (a ɛtaa yɛ bruu). Wubetumi nso ahu Tyndall bruu a wɔapete wɔ rose quartz abo bi mu.

Chatoyancy a wɔde di dwuma

Chatoyancy yɛ bere a ɔbo kɛse bi da hann a ɛdannan no hann biako anaa nea ɛboro saa adi wɔ n’anim esiane nneɛma a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ nti.

Ɔkwan a agye din sen biara, a ɛtɔ mmere bi a wohu wɔ ekanite mu no ne hann biako a ɛdannan a wɔfrɛ no “ɔkraman aniwa” nkɛntɛnso.

Nsoromma mu hwɛ

Nsoromma yɛ bere a aboɔden abo bi da “nsoromma” a ɛwɔ mframa pii a ɛdannan adi wɔ n’anim no. Nsoromma no tumi nya hann 4, 6, 8, anaa 12 mpo. Nsoromma (anaasɛ “asteriated”) ekanite dodow no ara wɔ nsoromma a ɛwɔ hann 4, ɛwom sɛ ebinom wɔ nsoromma a ɛwɔ hann 6 anaa 8 de.

Nokwarem no, ekanite a odi kan koraa a wohuu no pɛn no daa nsoromma mu hwɛ adi!

Ekanite Abakɔsɛm

Hena na odii kan huu ekanite? Onipa a odii kan huu ekanite ne Francis Leo Danvis Ekanayake , Sri Lanka-Britania aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a n’ani gye aboɔden abo a wɔntaa nhu ho.

Wɔ 1953 mu no, Ekanayake tɔɔ cabochon abien a ɛyɛ ahabammono tuntum na ɛyɛ nsoromma fii gua bi so wɔ Colombo, Sri Lanka. Ɔne ne mfɛfo adwumayɛfo afoforo hui sɛ abo no yɛ nwonwa efisɛ na ɛwɔ nneɛma bi a ɛte sɛ ahwehwɛ nanso na ɛwɔ nneɛma bi a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo.

Ankyɛ na wɔde nhwɛsode ahorow no kɔmaa Basil Anderson wɔ London Chamber of Commerce (mprempren Gemmological Association of Great Britain, anaa Gem-A) Laboratory sɛ ɔnhwehwɛ mu.

Anderson hui sɛ ɔbo no su a ɛyɛ nwonwa no fi sɛ na thorium ɔha biara mu nkyem 28 na ɛyɛ metamict. Ɔde nea ohui yi kɔmaa Europa Aboɔden Abo Ho Nhyiam a wɔyɛe wɔ Copenhagen wɔ 1955 mu no.

Wɔ 1961 mu no, Anderson ne Britaniafo a wɔyɛ aboɔden abo ho animdefo Gordon Frank Claringbull, R. J. Davis, ne D. K. Hill boom kyerɛw ɔbo no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan . Wɔde Ekanayake din too so.

Ekanayake bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ obenya ekanites pii na awiei koraa no onyaa mfitiase Sri Lanka fibea, mprempren ekanite type locality : gravel beds wɔ Eheliyagoda wɔ asubɔnten bi a ɛbɛn Ellawala Ella nkoko ho.

Bere a nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan no bae wɔ 1961 mu no, na wɔahu ekanite nhwɛsode ahorow pii. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu no nso sii so dua sɛ metamict nhwɛsode ahorow no a wɔmaa ɛyɛɛ hyew no maa wɔsan yɛɛ kristal, nyaa densities a ɛkorɔn, na ɛdanee opaque denam putty kɔla so.

Wɔ afe 1973 mu no, wohuu ekanite a ɛnyɛ metamict wɔ Canada, nanso wosii so dua sɛ ɛyɛ steacyite wɔ afe 1982. Wɔahu ekanite afoforo a ɛnyɛ metamict.

Ekanite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛyɛ ahabammono titiriw a ɛsa yare no , ekanite honhom fam ntease da aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛma obi yɛ foforo no adi . Wɔde di dwuma nso sɛ koma chakra ɔbo .

Mfaso afoforo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ ekanite aboɔden abo no bi ne:

• Ahobammɔ

• Nkate mu kari pɛ

• Ayaresa a ɛyɛ ntɛm

• Nneɛma a wɔda no adi

Hwɛ hu ara sɛ wubedi ekanite ho dwuma dwoodwoo (wɔbɛka ho asɛm pii wɔ Gemstone Care ɔfã no mu akyiri yi).

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Dark green faceted ekanite gemstone | Mfonini no fi: Geni, GFDL CC-BY-SA

Ekanite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, ekanite aboɔden abo bo gyina kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne ne kɛse so.

Ahosuo

Sɛ ɛho tew a, ekanite yɛ sare kɔkɔɔ kosi nea enni kɔla. Nanso, ekanites a ɛnyɛ metamict dodow no ara yɛ kɔkɔɔ tuntum, amber, anaa bruu fi nneɛma a wɔde ka ho mu, na nea ɛka ho pii na ɛde kɔla tuntum ba.

Metamict ekanite aboɔden abo taa yɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ nwini. Ekanites a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono anaa emerald-ahabammono a ɛyɛ hyew, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no kura bo a ɛkorɔn.

Twa

Esiane sɛ ɔbo no ho yɛ na, titiriw wɔ ahwehwɛ mu nti, ekanites a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo. Mpɛn pii no, wɔde afã horow ayɛ no ahinanan, emerald, anaa baguette nsusuwii.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wotwitwa Ekanites a ɛwɔ optical effects sɛ cabochons . Ekanites pii a wɔtɔn no yɛ rough (wɔntwa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Ekanite dodow no ara wɔ nneɛma pii a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu. Abo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kɛse (a enni nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu) som bo, nanso nsunsuanso a efi aniwa so a nneɛma a wɔde ka ho de ba no nso som bo.

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka ekanite ho ne:

• Ahwehwɛ akɛse a ɛyɛ birefringent a ɛwɔ radiation halos a ɛyɛ nsensanee nketenkete (ebia nsu a aka a ɛtɔ fi microlite a ɛbae mu anaasɛ turbid centers a efi radioactivity mu) .

• Zeolitic nsuo

• Hematite kɛse bi

• Nneɛma abien a wɔde ka ho (cavities a vesicle & nsu ahyɛ mu ma) .

• Mica nsensanee a ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyɛ ahinanan (ebia zircon) .

• Ahurututu nketenkete a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa

• Pinpoint inclusions (mpɛn pii no perpendicular rods & platelets a ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛma mmeamudua) .

Ebia nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛyɛ pintinn no nso yɛ nea ɛwɔ afã abien, na ɛtaa de nsoromma mu hwɛ ba.

Sɛ yɛde toto ho a, zircon dodow no ara wɔ mununkum nketenkete a ɛka ho a wɔakyekyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ wɔaboaboa ano ayɛ no mmeae a ɛne ne ho di nsɛ.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Ɛwom sɛ ɛho yɛ na de, nanso ekanites a ɛwɔ afã horow no betumi ayɛ akɛse yiye esiane wɔn density a ɛkorɔn kakra nti, efi bɛyɛ 1-10 cts. Wɔahu ekanite rough kɛse, na ekanite ɔbo a ɛso sen biara (ɛde besi March 2016) yɛ cabochon a ne kɛse yɛ carat 498.

Ɛno akyi no, ekanite ahwehwɛ akɛse dodow no ara tenten yɛ mm 2-3 pɛ.

Ayaresa ahorow

Wobetumi de ɔhyew ayɛ metamict ekanites de asan ayɛ ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Ekanite crystal a wɔabɛn | Mfonini no fi: D. Nishio-Hamane, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Ekanite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Wɔtaa hu Ekanite minerals sɛ abotan a nsu asɛe wɔ gem gravels ne placer deposits mu. Wobetumi ahu wɔn nso wɔ ejecta a efi ogya mmepɔw ne nsukyenee erratic syenite abotan mu.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Faako a ɛwɔ soro a wonya ekanites ne Sri Lanka. Ekanites a wɔyɛ aboɔden abo fi Sri Lanka, Myanmar, ne Canada. Canada ayɛ ekanites a ɛyɛ metamict ne nea ɛnyɛ metamict nyinaa.

Nneɛma foforo a ɛho hia a wonya fibea a ɛkanite no bi ne:

• Italy

• Russia

• U.S.A. (California) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Ekanite a ɛso sen biara wɔ wiase de besi March 2016 | Mfonini no fi: GeologyIn.com

Ekanite Aboɔden abo Boɔ & Boɔ

Esiane sɛ ɛho yɛ na nti, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ebetumi ayɛ den sɛ wobenya ekanite a wɔbɛtɔn.

Faceted ekanite aboɔden abo bo a ɛwɔ carat biara mu no fi bɛyɛ $30 kosi $170 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ $90 kosi $1,500 nyinaa.

Wubetumi anya ekanite nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ den a emu biara bɛyɛ $45.

Ekanite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Ebia worebisa wo ho sɛ: so ekanite yɛ asiane? Sɛ wodi ho dwuma yiye na wɔkora so a, dabi. Nanso wɔde ekanite to aboɔden abo a asiane kɛse wom esiane kɔbere a ɛwɔ mu ne radioactivity a ɛwɔ mu nti.

Nea edi kan no, nhyɛ ekanite agude. Ansa na wobɛdi ekanite biara ho dwuma no, fa Geiger counter sɔ ne radioactivity hwɛ. Fa sie ade a wɔato mu a ɛyɛ soronko mu na fa radon detector hwɛ radon biara a ɛbɛboaboa ano bere ne bere mu. Di akwankyerɛ a ɛwɔ yɛn ahobammɔ ho afotu a ɛfa aboɔden abo a radioactive ho no akyi .

Ma ekanite ntwe wo ho mfi aboɔden abo afoforo ho.

Ekanite na ɔhyɛn mu?

Nneɛma bi ho yɛ na wɔ aboɔden abo mu, na ekanite wɔ pii: Tyndall apete, metamictization, ne radioactive elements. Sɛ wɔde ahobammɔ ho ahwɛyiye a ɛfata di dwuma a, saa aboɔden abo yi yɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ nneɛma biara a wɔaboaboa ano mu!

Kɔtɔ ekanite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ fɛ nnɛ!