Demantoid Garnet: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Demantoid yɛ aboɔden abo a wɔfrɛ no garnet a ne kɔla yɛ ahabammono a ɛte sɛ emerald na ɛhyerɛn te sɛ daimond a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Garnet a ɛte sɛɛ fi Russia, na ɛtɔ mmere bi a wɔfrɛ no “Czar of garnets.” Wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ garnet ahorow a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara na mprempren ɛsom bo sen biara.

So demantoids ho yɛ na? Ɛho yɛ na yiye — garnet ahorow a ɛho yɛ na sen biara no mu biako, nokwarem no! Ebia wunim garnet kɔkɔɔ yiye, efisɛ ahabammono yɛ garnet kɔla ahorow a wɔntaa nhu nanso wɔpɛ kɛse nso no mu biako. Nea ɛsen saa mpo no, demantoid yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla a wɔntaa nhu no mu biako, nso!

Wopɛ sɛ wuhu pii fa saa ade fɛfɛ a ɛho yɛ na yi ho? Saa akwankyerɛ yi bɛkyerɛ wo biribiara afa demantoid garnet agyapadeɛ, abakɔsɛm, ne boɔ, ne nea ɛkeka ho ho!

Ɛfa Demantoid Garnet ho

Demantoid yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛhyerɛn wɔ andradite garnet ahorow no mu. Garnet afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono nkutoo ne uvarovite , tsavorite, ɛtɔ mmere bi a Mali garnet, ne nokwarem no, demantoid.

Esiane sɛ ɛte sɛ peridot nti, edin afoforo a wɔde frɛ demantoid no bi ne olivine , Uralian emerald , Ural chrysolite, Siberia chrysolite, ne Bobrovsk emerald. Nanso, eyinom nyinaa nyɛ nokware na ɛne mmara a Federal Trade Commission (FTC) de asi hɔ no nhyia.

Sɛ́ garnet no, demantoid yɛ awobo ma January , ne Capricorn anaa Aquarius zodiac ɔbo nso. Bio nso, sɛnea wɔtaa yɛ no, wɔde garnet a ɛyɛ ahabammono kae ayeforohyia afe a ɛto so 25 !

Demantoid Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Demantoid yɛ andradite , garnet a dade ne calcium pii wom — formula Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3 — a ɛwɔ ugrandite garnet kuw kɛse no mu. Andradite garnet afoforo ne topazolite, melanite, ne nyankontɔn andradite, nanso demantoid ne andradite ahorow a ɛsom bo sen biara na wonim no kɛse.

Ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔfa so hu demantoids ne sɛ wɔde horsetail inclusions (wɔaka ho asɛm kɔ akyiri wɔ Clarity ɔfã no mu) a ɛwɔ hɔ. Ɛnyɛ demantoid biara na ɔwɔ saa nneɛma a ɛka ho yi, nanso demantoid nkutoo ne aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛwɔ bi. Demantoid akyi no, wɔahu wɔn wɔ brown andradite mu nko ara de besi afe 2018.

Esiane sɛ Mohs nsenia no yɛ 6.5 kosi 7 nti, demantoid a ɛyɛ den no nkutoo ne su biako pɛ a ɛma ɛba fam kakra sen garnet afoforo.

Ɔkwan foforo so no, demantoid de ne hyerɛn a ɛte sɛ daimond ne nea ɛpete kɛse (a wɔfrɛ no “ogya” anaasɛ kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn) boro garnet afoforo. Apete (0.057) no korɔn mpo sen diamond de a ɛyɛ 0.044!

Demantoid garnet ahoɔden nyinaa ni:

• Aboɔden abo abusua : Andradite Garnet

• Mohs denden : 6.5-7

• Kɔla : Ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, emerald-ahabammono, anaa ahabammono a emu dɔ, ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ bruu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Isometric/Cubic

• Luster : Adamantine a ɛyɛ fɛ

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.880-1.888

• Nnipa dodow : 3.81-3.89

• Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ

• Akisikuru : Conchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Optical nsunsuanso : Ɛntaa nyɛ chatoyancy

Sɛ wunim garnet a ɛyɛ ahabammono a, ebia wubesusuw ho sɛ: so demantoid ne tsavorite yɛ ade koro? Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.

Mfonini no so: Tsavorite

Demantoid ne Tsavorite ntam asɛm

Demantoid ne tsavorite ne garnet a ɛyɛ ahabammono a wonim no yiye, nanso ɛno nso ne nea ɛho yɛ na na ne bo yɛ den sen biara. Nanso, wɔyɛ ahorow ahorow a ɛsono emu biara.

Nsonsonoe no ni, a wɔde gyinapɛn ahorow ama sɛ [demantoid] vs. [tsavorite]:

• Nnomaa ahorow : Andradite ne grossular (anaasɛ grossularite).

• Nea ɛde Kɔla Ba : Chromium vs. chromium & vanadium.

• Toughness (Tenacity) : Ohia vs. papa.

• Nnipa dodow : 3.81-3.89 ne 3.34-3.73

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : 6.5-7 vs. 7-7.5

• Refractive Index : 1.88 ne 1.74

• Nea emu da hɔ : Type II (nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛkɔ fam) vs. Type I (nneɛma kakraa bi anaasɛ nea wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu biara nni hɔ) .

Bio nso, demantoid betumi anya nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a ɛma ne bo yɛ den (ɔpɔnkɔ dua), nanso tsavorite a wɔde ka ho no ma ne bo so tew bere nyinaa. Nea ɛka ho no, abo abien no nyinaa ho yɛ na wɔ akɛse mu, nanso tsavorite aboɔden abo no kɛse sen demantoid aboɔden abo.

Demantoid Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Wɔ sɛnkyerɛnne kwan so no, demantoid garnet a ɛkyerɛ abusuabɔ a ɛda hann, akokoduru, ne akwantu ho. Sɛ́ garnet no, egyina hɔ ma yiyedi, ahofama, ne adamfofa nso.

Wɔ Kristosom mu no, ɛtɔ mmere bi a wobu garnet sɛ agyan kronkron a ɛyɛ gyidi ne nokware ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nkramofo gyidi ahorow kyerɛ ahemfie anaa ɔsoro a wɔde garnet ayɛ. Wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere no nyinaa mu no, na nnipa ahorow hyɛ garnet de bɔ wɔn ho ban, efi asraafo so kosi nnipa a wɔyɛ da biara da so.

Edin “demantoid” no fi asɛmfua demant anaa diamant , a ɛkyerɛ “diamond” a edi garnet no hyerɛn ne nea ɛhyerɛn a ɛte sɛ (anaasɛ ɛboro) daimond de no akyi. Nneɛma a wonya fi mu no gu ahorow wɔ asɛmfua no mfiase ho, na wɔfa Dutch, German, anaa Franse kasa mu nsɛm ka.

Abakɔsɛm

Demantoids a edi kan a wohuu no sii wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Ural Mmepɔw no bɛyɛ afe 1853. Ɛhɔ mmofra huu abo a ɛyɛ sare-ahabammono no wɔ Bobrovka Asubɔnten no mu nsu a ɛsen no mu, nanso Russiafo aboɔden abo ho animdefo gye dii sɛ abo no yɛ peridot.

Wɔ 1854 mu no, Finlandni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Nils von Nordenskiöld suaa Russiafo aboɔden abo yi ho ade wɔ akwantu bi a ɔkɔɔ mpɔtam hɔ mu na ohui sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo soronko. Mfe du akyi no, Nordenskiöld kaa ne nhwehwɛmu no ho asɛm kyerɛɛ St. Petersburg Mineralogical Society, na ɔtoo ɔbo no din demantoid, anaa “abohene a ɛyɛ ahabammono.”

Bere a nnipa a wɔkorɔn gyee din no toom, na wotintimii wɔ 1878 mu no, ɛhɔfo da so ara frɛ ɔbo no “Ural chrysolite” efisɛ na “demantoid” te sɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ animtiaabu wɔ wɔn kasa mu.

Demantoid Popularity a Ɛkɔ Anim ne Nea Ɛba Fam

Efi 1870 mfe no mu kosi 1918 no, demantoid agye din kɛse wɔ Russia, na ɛhyɛɛ anuonyamfo fɛ na epuei wɔ nhoma ahorow a agye din te sɛ Peter Carl Fabergé de mu. Demantoids a wɔde kɔ Europa no boae ma abohene no gyee din wɔ Art Nouveau agude a na ɛwɔ Belle Époque bere so no mu. Ɛbɛyɛɛ Engiresifo hene Edward VII mpo anigyede.

Sɛnea nkurɔfo ani gyee ho kɛse no kyerɛe sɛ na Russia atopae ahorow no resa ntɛmntɛm. Nanso, Tiffany & Co. aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a wagye din George Kunz tɔɔ Russia nneɛma no fã kɛse no ara wɔ 1800 mfe no awiei mu hɔ, ansa na wɔregyae aboɔden abo a wotu wɔ 1917 mu no.

Bolshevik Ɔman Anidan a ɛkɔɔ so wɔ Russia wɔ 1917 mu no maa nneɛma a “ɛyɛ papa” te sɛ demantoid a wɔhwehwɛ no gyaee, na Komunis bere no ani gyee nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so ho sen agude.

Wɔ 1980 ne ’90 mfe no mu no, wɔn a wotu fam no huu Russiafo demantoid akorae pii. Namibia daa beae foforo bi a wɔde asie adi, a wɔtoo din “Green Dragon” mine, wɔ 1996. Nnansa yi ara, wohuu demantoid beae bi a ɛho hia wɔ Madagascar wɔ 2009 mu.

Demantoid Ayaresa Nneɛma

Te sɛ garnet nyinaa, anaasɛ aboɔden abo a wɔde yɛ saa asɛm no, demantoids betumi ayɛ abo a ano yɛ den a ɛsa yare . Saa aboɔden abo yi betumi de nkate mu kari pɛ ne su horow a ɛma obi dwo a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ ahabammono nyinaa mu no aba .

Bio nso, demantoid yɛ koma chakra ɔbo , bue saa ahoɔden beae yi de hyɛ wo honhom mu ma wo ho dɔ ne ahoɔden a wode gyina nsakrae anim.

Momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea demantoid crystal no boa wo nipadua ne nkate fam yiyedi.

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Crystal ayaresafo kamfo demantoid kyerɛ sɛ wɔmmoa wɔ:

• Dae bɔne

• Mmɛn, ahurututu, ne komayare

• Mogya a ɛtɔ gu nipadua no mu

• Ɔhome mu haw ahorow

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Afe 2020 akyi no, ankonamyɛ ho nkate abu so titiriw. Nea eye ne sɛ, wɔkyerɛ sɛ demantoid boa ma wosiesie saa nkate ahorow yi, na ɛboa ma wo ho tɔ wo wɔ wo ho na wote nka sɛ wo ne afoforo wɔ abusuabɔ, wɔ akyirikyiri mpo.

Mfaso afoforo a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ so ne sɛ wɔbɛtew adwennwen so bere a ɛma akokoduru kɔ soro no. Ebia awarefo benya mfaso afi demantoid mu, efisɛ wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛboa ma wosiesie ntawntawdi wɔ abusuabɔ mu na ɛma nneɛma pa nya nkɔso.

Sɛ honhom fam dwumadie da nkyɛn a, so demantoid garnet som bo? Egyina nneɛma a ɛsom bo, anaasɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ mu no so.

Demantoid Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Esiane sɛ ogya a ɛyɛ kɔla ahorow, cleavage biara nni mu, na ɛhyerɛn fɛfɛ nti, demantoids yɛ agude abohene akɛse. Ankorankoro demantoid bo fi baabi a ɛhwe ase wɔ kɔla, nea emu da hɔ, nea wɔatwa, ne carat mu duru so, ne sɛ wɔasa no yare a.

Ahosuo

Demantoid a ɛyɛ ahabammono no betumi ayɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, sika kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono, sare-ahabammono, anaa ahabammono a emu dɔ. Kɔla a ɛyɛ ahabammono no fi chromium efĩ mu. Nnyigyei kɔkɔɔ (a ɛtaa ba) ne bruu a ɛyɛ bruu nyinaa fi ferric dade efĩ.

Dade efĩ dɔɔso na abu so kɛse wɔ Namibia demantoids a ɛkɔ ngodua, bruu-ahabammono, anaa kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono mu.

Saturation a ɛkorɔn taa kyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse, nanso ebetumi nso atew apete a wotumi hu (kɔla a ɛhyerɛn) a ɛma demantoid yɛ soronko saa no so. Abo a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no da sɛnea wɔapete sen biara adi, na ɛma ɛsom bo nso.

Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, Germanfo ne Russiafo aboɔden abo tɔnfo ani gye demantoids a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ-ahabammono a ɛpete kɛse no ho, bere a Amerikafo aboɔden abo tɔnfo hwehwɛ demantoids a ne kɔla mu dɔ no.

Ɛda adi pefee

Demantoid wɔ Type II kɔla aboɔden abo a emu da hɔ grade , a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtaa nya nneɛma bi a wotumi hu a ɛka ho . Nneɛma a ɛtaa ka ho anaasɛ nkekae (surface-level) a ɛma demantoid bo yɛ mmerɛw ne nhyɛso a ɛpaapae wɔ Namibia abo mu anaasɛ soro abrasion.

Nea ɛka nea ɛntaa nsi ho no, demantoid ka aboɔden abo kakraa bi a ɛka ho a ɛsom bo kɛse no ho: apɔnkɔ dua.

Nneɛma a wɔde ka apɔnkɔ dua ho yɛ chrysotile (ɔwɔ ahorow) nhama a ɛyɛ tratraa a ɛyɛ wispy a ɛhyerɛn kɔ abɔnten fi chromite ahwehwɛ ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ demantoid no mu mu. Sikakɔkɔɔ nhama no nsusuwii te sɛ ɔpɔnkɔ dua wɔ mframa mu.

Demantoids a wɔde apɔnkɔ dua ka ho no mu dodow no ara fi Russia, ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ wɔn nyinaa na efi hɔ de. Russia demantoid kura bo a ɛkorɔn sen biara dedaw, na ɛma wɔn a wɔde apɔnkɔ dua ka ho no som bo kɛse mpo.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa demantoids a wɔde apɔnkɔ dua ka ho no ɔkwan pɔtee bi so na ama wɔada nea wɔde ka ho no adi yiye.

Twa

Sɛ demantoid wɔ horsetail inclusions a, ɛsɛ sɛ lapidarist (gem cutter) no de ɔbo no si hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a inclusions no kyerɛ soro kɔ abotiri no so.

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na demantoids yɛ faceted , mpɛn pii no wɔyɛ cushion, oval, ne kurukuruwa. Nanso, lapidaristfo taa ma demantoid no nsusuwii a ɛyɛ raw no kyerɛ sɛnea ɛyɛ faceted, efisɛ nneɛma a wɔbɛkora so (ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔbɛsɛe no rough) ne ade titiriw.

Demantoids bi a “ɔkraman aniwa” tumi a ɛntaa nsi (chatoyancy) anaasɛ kɔla a ɛnyɛ nea wɔpɛ kɛse no bɛyɛ cabochons .

Carat Mu duru

Demantoid dodow no ara, a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaasɛ ɛwɔ anim no yɛ nketewa. Faceted gems a ɛboro 1 ct no ho yɛ na ɛwom sɛ ɛnyɛ nea wɔntee ho asɛm de. Saa ara nso na demantoid rough taa yɛ 1-3 cts. Faceted demantoids a efi mmeae a ɛnyɛ Russia anaa Namibia no ntaa nyɛ kɛse nsen 0.25 cts.

Carat biara bo kɔ soro ma demantoid aboɔden abo a ɛboro 1 ct. Mprempren, demantoid a ɛwɔ afã kɛse no boro 21 cts na demantoid ɔbo a ɛso sen biara no yɛ 252.5 cts.

Ayaresa ahorow

Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, agudeyɛfo ma demantoid yɛ hyew na ama ne kɔla ayɛ kɛse. Ayaresa no nka sɛnea ɔbo no gyina pintinn no. Ayaresa ahorow no bɛma ne bo so atew kakra.

Demantoid Formation & Nneɛma a Ɛfi Hɔ

Andradite garnets te sɛ demantoid taa ba wɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ metamorphic. Asase ho animdefo dodow no ara gye di sɛ andradites ba wɔ limestone ahorow bi mu (nea calcite pii wom sen dolomite na wɔde silica si calcite bi ananmu).

Nkyekyɛmu no ba bere a saa limestones yi dane denam contact metamorphism (esiane ɔhyew a efi magma mu nti) anaa regional metamorphism (esiane ɔhyew ne nhyɛso nti).

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ demantoids tumi pue wɔ abotan biara mu, nanso mpɛn pii no ɛda adi wɔ limestones, pegmatites, skarns, anaa ultramafic abotan te sɛ peridotite mu.

Sɛ ɛba wie a, ɛhe na wubehu demantoid garnet?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Demantoid fibea ahorow a ɛho hia sen biara ne Russia ne Namibia. Russia demantoid ne nnwuma mu gyinapɛn a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ papa, na Namibia demantoid yɛ kɔkɔɔ kɛse, enti wobu no sɛ ɛnyɛ papa sen Russiafo de. Ade biako a ɛka ho ne Namibia demantoids a wɔahu nnansa yi, a wɔn kɔla sesa (kɔla kɔkɔɔ kɔ ahabammono) no.

Demantoid fibea afoforo ne:

• Afghanistan

• Azerbaijan na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Canada

• DR a ɛwɔ Congo

• Italy (a ɛyɛ ahabammono a emu dɔ te sɛ apɔw-mu-teɛteɛ) .

• Iran

• Madagascar

• Mexico

• Pakistan

• South Korea

• Sri Lanka na ɛwɔ hɔ

• U.S.A. (California) .

Esiane abusuabɔ a atrɛw a ɛda demantoid su ne mmeae bi ntam nti, nea efi mu ba no betumi anya demantoid bo so nkɛntɛnso kɛse. Nea ɛda nsow sen biara no, Russia mfiase betumi akyerɛ sɛ ɛsom bo kɛse.

Sɛ yɛreka boɔ ho asɛm a...

Demantoid Bo & Bo a Ɛsom

Aboɔden abo agyapade biara nya demantoid garnet bo a ɛwɔ carat biara mu no so nkɛntɛnso. Sɛ nhwɛso no, aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛwɔ 1 ct ase no fi $300-$1,200 wɔ carat biara mu, bere a abo a emu duru yɛ 1-3 cts fi $300-$1,500 wɔ carat biara mu.

Bo pɔtee a ɛda ntam no betumi afi kɔla a ɛyɛ ma, apete, nea emu da hɔ, ne ayaresa ahorow mu aba. Abo a ɛyɛ papa sen biara no betumi aboro dɔla 10,000 wɔ carat biara mu, titiriw Russiafo demantoid a ɛyɛ papa a wɔde apɔnkɔ dua ka ho.

Mpɛn pii no, abo a ɛyɛ kɔla pa a emu da hɔ kakra no bo bɛyɛ dɔla 500 wɔ carat biara mu. Demantoids a ɛyɛ akɛse a ɛwɔ kɔla pa na emu da hɔ yiye no yɛ dɔla 2,000 kosi dɔla 7,000.

Nneɛma a ne bo nyɛ den kakra a wobetumi apaw ne Namibia demantoids a wɔn kɔla yɛ kɔkɔɔ. Bere a Russiafo demantoid aboɔden abo taa fi ase fi dɔla 1,000 wɔ carat biako mu no, Namibia demantoid a wɔtɔn no kɛse fi ase bɛyɛ dɔla 20 wɔ carat biako mu.

Demantoid a ɛyɛ den no gu ahorow kɛse, efi ase bɛyɛ dɔla 2 wɔ carat biara mu na edu dɔla 180 wɔ carat biara mu bere a wɔtɔn no kɛse.

Esiane saa nneɛma bo nti, aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so yiye ho hia yiye!

Demantoid Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Esiane sɛ ne den sua nti, ɛsɛ sɛ demantoid ring a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no nya nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛbɔ ho ban . Agude afoforo a wobetumi apaw no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom.

Fa brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde sẽ a wɔde ahyɛ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ne samina a ɛnyɛ den mu tew demantoid ho. Fa ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛnyɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw na ɛyow. Fa aboɔden abo no sie baabi a ɛda nsow wɔ abo afoforo ho.

Hyerɛn Te sɛ Ahemfo wɔ Demantoid mu!

Ebia yɛrenhu sɛ saa aboɔden abo yi siesie adehye sɛnea nkurɔfo yɛe wɔ afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, nanso ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ wuntumi nte nka sɛ woyɛ adehye wɔ demantoid agude mu.

Nea ɛho hia sen saa no, sɛ wohyɛ ɔbo a ɛte sɛ demantoid anaasɛ wokura a, ɛma wo mu hann no hyerɛn te sɛ aboɔden abo no ankasa!

Kɔtɔ demantoid garnet nnɛ!

Demantoid Garnet