Colemanite Aboɔden abo: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Colemanite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtaa yɛ nea enni kɔla kosi fitaa a wonim no sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu ne ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no ani gye ho.

Colemanite ho yɛ na dɛn? mineral no dɔɔso yiye na mpo ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw abu so koraa.

Ɛno akyi no, aboɔden abo ntaa mma. Colemanite denden ne ne denden no sua — sɛ wɔde ne ɔhyew nkate ne ne mpaapaemu a edi mũ ka ho a, ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetwitwa ahwehwɛ no anaasɛ sɛ wɔhyɛ wɔ agude mu a, ɛnsɛee.

Nanso, ɛno mma colemanite nyɛ anigye kɛse. Esiane sɛ abakɔsɛm a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛbata beae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew sen biara wɔ Asase so ne agyapade a ɛyɛ anigye pii nti, pii wɔ hɔ a wubetumi asua afa colemanite ho!

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Colemanite Ɔbo ho asɛm

Colemanite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã bi a ɛtaa yɛ nea enni kɔla, ɛyɛ fitaa, anaa fitaa, ɛwom sɛ ebetumi nso ayɛ kɔkɔɔ, pink, borɔdɔma, anaa bruu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw de.

Nsɛmfua bi a ɛne colemanite hyia ne borspar ne neocolemanite. Wɔ 1911 mu no, wɔkaa “neocolemanite” ho asɛm sɛ colemanite ahorow a wohu wɔ Los Angeles Mantam, California (U.S.A.), a ɛsono ne colemanite a ɛyɛ daa wɔ ne ahwehwɛ ne aniwa su mu.

Dɛn ne edin a wɔtaa de frɛ colemanite? Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, wobetumi afrɛ no “calcium borate,” ne nnuru din.

Sɛ yɛreka ho asɛm a, dɛn na wɔde colemanite di dwuma?

Colemanite Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Colemanite a wɔde di dwuma titiriw biako ne sɛ ɛyɛ borax fibea. Nokwarem no, na ɛno ne boron fibea a edi kan kosii 1930 mfe no mu bere a wohuu kernite akyi. Nanso, wiase no mu boron a wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu no ɔha biara mu nkyem 90 (de besi afe 2021) yɛ colemanite, kernite, ulexite , ne tincal.

Mprempren, nnwuma a wɔyɛ dɔte ne ahwehwɛ na wɔde boron a wɔde yɛ nneɛma na edi dwuma kɛse. Colemanite ho wɔ mfaso titiriw ma ahwehwɛ a ɛko tia ɔhyew.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛho hia a wɔde di dwuma wɔ colemanite ne boron a ɛte saa ara mu ne:

• Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ abrasives

• Nnuru a wɔde kum nkoekoemmoa

• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnɔbae

• Nneɛma a wɔde siw mframa ano

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ adwuma

• Nneɛma a wɔde tew nneɛma ho (sɛ nhwɛso no, nnuru a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho) .

• Dade a wɔde yɛ mfonini

• Nneɛma a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie

• Nnuru a wɔde yɛ nnuru

• Welding nsuo a ɛsen

• Rocket mu pɛtro a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Borate a wɔde di dwuma no bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 75 yɛ ahwehwɛ, nnuru a wɔde tew nneɛma ho, nneɛma a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho, ne dɔte mu. Boron a wɔde hohoro nneɛma ho yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho sɛ wɔde yi nkekae fi hɔ, ɛma nsu yɛ mmerɛw, na ɛma ntama yɛ fitaa.

Sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ dɔte mu a, colemanite yɛ ade a ano yɛ den a wɔde yɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ adwuma sɛ ade a ɛtwetwe, ɛma ahwehwɛ, ne nea ɛma kɔla yɛ kɛse.

Nna yi, ebia ɛbɛyɛ den sɛ wubenya colemanite pa a wɔde bɛyɛ glazes. Enti, dɛn ne ade a wɔde besi colemanite glaze ananmu?

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de si colemanite ananmu no bi ne Gerstley borate — colemanite, ulexite, ne hectorite a wɔaka abom — ne Cadycal — calcium borate a ɛtɔ gu fam a ɛho ka sua.

Nea etwa to no, nyansahufo ayɛ colemanite a wɔayɛ ama nhwehwɛmu ahorow.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Colemanite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ calcium borate mineral a nsu wom no, wobetumi akyerɛw colemanite aduru no sɛ CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O anaa Ca2B6O11·5H2O. Nnuru a edi kan a wɔde yɛ aduan ne nea Amanaman Ntam Aboɔden abo Fekuw (IMA) apene so.

Ɔbo no wɔ hydrous borate mineral kuw no mu ka borax, ulexite, ne kernite ho. Nea ɛkɔ akyiri no, colemanite yɛ inoborate te sɛ kernite ne howlite .

Colemanite ahwehwɛ betumi ayɛ prismatic, equant, anaa pseudo-rhombohedral. Aboɔden abo no nso betumi ayɛ nodular, massive na cleavage, granular ne compact, anaasɛ nodular.

Wɔ ɔhyew a ɛba fam mu no, colemanite yɛ pyroelectric ne piezoelectric, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbɛyɛ anyinam ahoɔden wɔ ɔhyew anaa mfiri nhyɛso ase, sɛnea ɛte biara.

Colemanite agyapade ahorow a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 4-4.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, pink, pale amber-orange, brown

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ, subadamantine, anaa adamantine

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.586-1.614

• Nnipa dodow : 2.40-2.42

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ {010} so, Ɛda nsow/Eye wɔ {001} so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ daa/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ anaasɛ ɛyɛ subconchoidal

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Fluorescence a ɛwɔ hɔ - Kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn wɔ LW-UV mu & kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa fitaa a ɛhyerɛn wɔ SW-UV mu; Ɛtɔ da bi a, phosphorescence - a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.028-0.030

• Apete : Ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Mfonini no fi: DerHexer, Wikimedia Commons , CC-by-sa 4.0

Colemanite Abakɔsɛm

Wodii kan huu Colemanite wɔ 1880 mfe no mu wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Furnace Creek wɔ Death Valley, U.S. ɔman mmɔnten so atrae bi a ɛwɔ California ne Nevada hye so. Nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan no fi California mantam aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo a odi kan Henry Garber Hanks hɔ wɔ 1883 mu.

Wɔpaw edin “colemanite” no de hyɛɛ William Tell Coleman a ɔyɛ ɔtopae a wohuu no wura no anuonyam. Coleman dii kan de edin “smithite” ho nyansahyɛ mae, na ɔde ne yɔnko dwumayɛni Francis Marion Smith din too so.

Coleman ne Smith nyinaa boaa kɛse wɔ California nkɔso mu.

William Ka kyerɛ Coleman na ɔkyerɛwee

Ná Coleman yɛ po so ahyɛn ho ɔbenfo ne kuw a ɔwɛn kuw kannifo wɔ San Francisco fi 1849 mu.

Bere a awarefo Aaron ne Rose Winters huu borax wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn Greenland (mprempren Furnace Creek Ranch) wɔ Death Valley wɔ 1881 mu akyi bere tiaa bi no, Coleman hyehyɛɛ adwumayɛbea bi a wotu fagude, Harmony Borax Works, bɛyɛ afe 1883. Ná ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔde aboɔden abo no bɛkɔ Owu Bon mu, na kyerɛwtohɔ ɔhyew a ɛkɔ soro na akwan anaa keteke kwan biara nni hɔ.

Coleman de anifere hyehyɛɛ mfurum akuw aduonu a mprempren wɔagye din a wɔde aboɔden abo no twaa akwansin 165 kɔɔ Mojave. Ná akwan a ɔfa so no yɛ nea ɛyɛ nwonwa. Bere a na mfurum akuw yi reyɛ adwuma fi 1883 ne 1889 mu no, na wɔde borax bɛyɛ nkaribo ɔpepem 20 kɔ a wɔanhwere mfurum anaa nteaseɛnam biara.

Francis Marion Smith na ɔkyerɛwee

Ná Francis Marion Smith yɛ aguadifo kɛse ne obi a otu fam a wɔtoo no din “Borax Hene.” Wɔ 1872 mu no, ohuu borate a ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔde asie wɔ Nevada wɔ Teels Marsh.

Ɔde ne ho too asiane mu na ɔne ne nua hyehyɛɛ Smith ne Storey Anuanom Borax Company — wɔtwaa no tiawa yɛɛ no ​​Smith Bros. Borax Co. na afei Teel’s Marsh Borax Company wɔ 1884 mu.

Bere a Teels Marsh a wotu fagude no brɛɛ ase no, Smith hwɛɛ Owu Bon mu nneɛma a wɔde asie no. Wɔ 1890 mu no, Coleman kɔɔ fam, enti Smith boaboaa Harmony Borax Works ne Coleman sika a ɔwɔ no boom hyehyɛɛ Pacific Coast Borax Company (awiei koraa no wɔsesaa no yɛɛ no ​​U.S. Borax).

Smith gyee afotu bi a nyansa wom a ɛfa ahyɛnsode ho fii ne aguade ho dawurubɔ sohwɛfo Stephen Mather (a ɔbɛyɛɛ Ɔman Mmoa Yɛmmea Dwumadibea kwankyerɛfo a odi kan) hɔ denam mfurum aduonu kuw no mfonini a ɔde dii dwuma wɔ ɔsatu bi a ɔde hyɛɛ ne 20-Mule-Team Borax Soap no ho nkuran na ɔkyerɛw 20-Mule-Team no din no so aguadi agyiraehyɛde wɔ 1894 mu.

Sɛ yɛka ne nyinaa bom a, Coleman ne Smith dwumadi ahorow no maa Owu Bon no sii asase mfonini no so, na akyiri yi nsɛm ho amanneɛbɔ ahorow, akwantu, ne nsrahwɛfo twaa mpɔtam hɔ ho hyiae.

Colemanite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Colemanite taa yɛ ɔbo fitaa a ɛsa yare , enti ɛka aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo ho ma ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛho tew na ɛma ahofadi. Ɛsan nso yɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo a ahoɔden ayaresafo ani gye ho.

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ colemanite metaphysical su afoforo bi ne:

• W’adwene a wobɛtrɛw mu

• Ahomegye a wɔbɛma ayɛ mmerɛw

• Wo honhom fam abusuabɔ a wobɛhyɛ mu den

• Ɛbɛma woagye atom kɛse na woanya abotare kɛse

Mfonini no fi: Dave Dyet, Public Domain

Colemanite Aboɔden abo Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Sɛ nea ɛntaa nsi da nkyɛn a, nneɛma a ɛka colemanite bo a ɛsom no bi ne kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, ne ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat.

Ahosuo

Colemanite dodow no ara yɛ fitaa kosi fitaa, nanso ebi betumi ayɛ kɔla te sɛ kɔkɔɔ, tan, anaa amber-orange. Nea ɛma nkurɔfo ani nnye ho kɛse sɛ aboɔden abo no fã bi ne sɛ ne kɔla ahorow taa yɛ mmerɛw, enti kɔla biara a ɛhyerɛn sen saa no bɛyɛ nea ɛho yɛ na na ɛsom bo.

Twa

Ɛwom sɛ wubetumi ahu colemanite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw de, nanso ɛyɛ den sɛ wubetwitwa esiane nneɛma kakraa bi nti:

Mohs a ɛyɛ den a ɛba fam

Cleavage a ɛyɛ pɛ

Toughness a enye

Ɔhyew a ɛyɛ mmerɛw

Sɛnea ɛte no, wotwitwa colemanite dodow no ara a ɛwɔ afã horow no ma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano. Nneɛma bi a wɔtaa twitwa ne emerald, kyɛm, kurukuruwa a ɛhyerɛn, ne oval brilliant. Ebia ɔbo no birefringence no bɛma facet no ayɛ mmɔho abien.

Wɔatwitwa colemanite nhwɛsode ahorow bi ayɛ no cabochons . Wɔtaa tɔn no rough (uncut).

Ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ ne sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu de ka ɔbo a ɛsom bo ho. Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea colemanite ho yɛ na a, nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu nyɛ ade titiriw a ɛma ne bo yɛ den, nanso ebia abo a ɛda adi kɛse a nneɛma kakraa bi na ɛka ho no bɛyɛ nea wɔpɛ kɛse.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Sɛ yɛhwɛ ne kɛse nkutoo a, na colemanite ahwehwɛ bi betumi abɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ne kɛse yɛ karat 50 kosi 100. Nanso, dodow no ara yɛ nsateakwaa 1 pɛ.

Colemanite biako a ne kɛse yɛ soronko puei wɔ 2022 Amerika Aboɔden abo Aguadi Fekuw ɔyɛkyerɛ no ase: aboɔden abo a enni kɔla a ne kɛse yɛ carat 7.36 a wɔatwa no traingular brilliant a wɔayɛ mu nsakrae.

Smithsonian Institution no wɔ colemanite a ɛyɛ kɛse mpo a enni kɔla a ne kɛse yɛ carats 14.85 a wɔatwa no kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ nwonwa.

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Colemanite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Colemanite taa yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛtɔ so mmienu, na ɛba berɛ a abɔnten tebea sesa aboɔden aboɔ te sɛ priceite, borax, ne ulexite.

Aboɔden abo no nso betumi ayɛ bere a nsu de borate nnuru a wɔapete gu mu mpɛn pii na nsu no yɛ hyew, na ɛma nneɛma no yɛ ahwehwɛ ma ɛbɛyɛ colemanite no.

Ɔbotan bɛn na wohu colemanite wɔ mu? Wohu Colemanite aboɔden abo wɔ evaporite sedimentary abotan mu wɔ nkyene ɔtare a ɛwɔ mmeae a ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛhe na wohu colemanite? Colemanite ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara no fi:

• Argentina

• California, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Chile

• Kazakhstan na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Kurokuro

Nneɛma afoforo a wonya fi mu ne:

• Belarus na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Bolivia

• Canada

• India

• Iran

• Mexico

• Serbia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Arizona, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Nevada, U.S.A., na ɛwɔ hɔ

Wopɛ sɛ wohwehwɛ colemanite bi a wɔtɔn? Afei momma yɛnhwɛ nneɛma bo a yɛbɛhwɛ kwan.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Colemanite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛwom sɛ ɛho yɛ na na ne bo yɛ den sen aboɔden abo afoforo de, nanso sɛ wɔde toto abo te sɛ abohene anaa safir ho a, ɛda so ara yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den.

Colemanite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 30 kosi dɔla 530 wɔ carat biara mu, na dodow no ara nnu dɔla 150 wɔ carat biara mu.

Mpɛn pii no, colemanite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ne bo yɛ den sen biara no yɛ dɔla 200 kosi 300, nanso ahwehwɛ nketewa biara fi ase fi dɔla 10.

Colemanite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea etwa to ne aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so .

Seesei de, ebia woasusuw sɛ colemanite hwehwɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ no brɛoo. Ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobɛtwetwe na ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɔhyew bɛba. Colemanite nso yɛ nea ɛtumi nwura nsuo mu kakra, enti kwati sɛ wode bɛhyɛ nsuo mu na woabɔ wɔn apete ma ayow bere a woahohoro awie no (mma mframa nwo).

Wubetumi de nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, samina a ɛnyɛ den, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw asiesie colemanite. Fa ntama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔde microfiber ayɛ di dwuma na ama ayow.

Wubetumi ahyɛ colemanite agude bere ne bere mu, nanso ɛsɛ sɛ ɛwɔ nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban , titiriw nkaa.

Fa colemanite sie baabi a ɛhɔ yɛ nwini na ɛhɔ yɛ kusuu a ɛsono emu biara wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo ho.

Tra Cool na Curious ne Colemanite!

Ɛyɛ aseresɛm sɛ wohuu ɔbo bi a ɛte ɔhyew nka wɔ beae a ɛhɔ yɛ hyew sen biara wɔ Asase so, nanso nneɛma a ɛyɛ nwonwa ahyɛ colemanite ma. Saa ɔbo a ɛma denhyɛ, soronko yi yɛ ade a edi mũ a wɔde ka nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano anaa ayaresa beae biara ho!

Kɔtɔ colemanite ne aboɔden abo soronko afoforo nnɛ!