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Ross Sedawie
Ross Sedawie

發佈於13th Aug 2022

修改於2nd Aug 2023

Chrysotile Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Ahobammɔ

chrysotile aboɔden abo Chrysotile yɛ ɔwɔ aboɔden abo a wɔtaa hu sɛ ɛka aboɔden abo afoforo ho. Ade biako a agye din ne apɔnkɔ dua a wɔde ka demantoid garnets ho a ɛma ne bo kɔ soro kɛse.

So chrysotile yɛ ɔbotan? Anaasɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo? Chrysotile yɛ aboɔden abo, ɛnyɛ ɔbotan. Edin foforo a wɔde frɛ aboɔden abo yi ne “asbestos fitaa.” Nokwarem no, chrysotile asbestos ne asbestos a wɔtaa de di dwuma sen biara.

Saa akwankyerɛ yi bɛhyɛ wo ma wɔ biribiara a ɛfa chrysotile ho, efi ne ntease ne ne mineral su so kosi n’abakɔsɛm ne ayaresa tumi so.

chrysotile aboɔden abo

Ɛfa Chrysotile Abo ho

Chrysotile yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo fã ne mfiridwuma mu aboɔden abo a ɛho hia a ɛwɔ din pii, a emu dodow no ara yɛ din a ɛnteɛ. Edin ahorow a ɛnteɛ yi bi ne:

  • Switzerland Green Opal a ɛyɛ ahabammono

  • Ɔtweaseɛ no Scale Stone

  • Ɔsebɔ Jasper na ɔkyerɛwee

  • Akɔre Wora Jasper

Nea enti a wɔde din a ɛnteɛ yi ma no fã kɛse no ara fa nhomasua a wonni ho. Ebia abo a ɛnyɛ hann, titiriw a wɔayɛ ho mfonini no, adetɔnfo bɛfrɛ no “ jasper ” kɛkɛ, ɛmfa ho sɛnea wɔyɛ ankasa. Ɛbɛyɛ sɛ opal ntotoho no fi chrysotile a ɛyɛ den te sɛ opal no mu.

Ade foforo a wɔtaa de frafra ne chrysotile ne chrysolite . Chrysolite yɛ asɛmfua a ne bere atwam mmom a wɔde frɛ olivine anaa peridot , a ɛyɛ soronko koraa wɔ chrysotile ho.

Afiri biako a wɔfa so kae wɔn ne sɛ chrysotile (susuw “tile” te sɛ nea ɛwɔ tile fam) ne aboɔden abo a wɔde adansi di dwuma pii.

Sɛ yɛreka ho asɛm a, dɛn na wɔde chrysotile di dwuma? Ne tiawa mu no: pii.

Chrysotile a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Asbestos a wɔde yɛ mfiridwuma mu bɛboro ɔha biara mu nkyem 90 yɛ chrysotile. Wɔ U.S. nkutoo no, chrysotile a wɔde di dwuma no bɛyɛ metric tɔn 13,000 afe biara.

Nneɛma a chrysotile de di dwuma no bi ne:

  • Breki a wɔde hyɛ kar mu ne nea wɔde hyɛ kar mu

  • Gaskets a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

  • Ɔdan atifi (asphaltic) .

  • Semɛnte a wɔde ayɛ ntama

  • Nneɛma a wɔde siw nsu ano wɔ nsukorabea, mfiri, gasket, ne paipu mu

  • Nneɛma a wɔde nkata ade so

  • Vinyl a wɔde ayɛ nnua

  • Ogya a wɔde siw ano, titiriw wɔ drywall mu

  • Magnesium fibea a wonya fi mu

Seesei a wunim sɛnea wɔde di dwuma no, mineral bɛn na ɛyɛ chrysotile?

Chrysotile Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Chrysotile yɛ mineral a ɛwɔ serpentine kuw no mu. Bɛyɛ sɛ chrysotile formula a ɛwɔ Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 no nso fa kuw no mufo afoforo, lizardite ne antigorite, efisɛ wɔn nyinaa yɛ magnesian serpentines.

Kuw kɛse a chrysotile serpentine hyɛ mu ne asbestos kuw a wɔakyekyɛ mu ayɛ no serpentine ne amphibole. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ amphibole mu no bi ne actinolite , anthophyllite, tremolite , crocidolite (asbestos bruu), ne amosite (asbestos a ɛyɛ bruu).

Asbestos mu nneɛma nyinaa yɛ nhama. Mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ serpentine asbestos kuw no mu no wɔ nhama a ɛyɛ kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ nsensanee, bere a amphibole aboɔden abo wɔ nhama a ɛte sɛ nnade (acicular).

Amphibole mineral pii ba sɛ efĩ wɔ chrysotile mu, na ɛma mineral no yɛ asiane kɛse ma asbestos awuduru (amphibole asbestos yɛ awuduru sen serpentine asbestos). Anthophyllite, tremolite, ne actinolite nyinaa taa de efĩ ba chrysotile, talc , ne vermiculite.

Chrysotile ahwehwɛ mu nneɛma a aka no ni:

  • Mohs denden : 2.5-3

  • Kɔla : Fitaa, sika kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, fitaa, ahabammono, anaa fitaa-ahabammono; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, anaa bruu; Ebia ɛyɛ ntini anaasɛ nsensanee

  • Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic (clinochrysotile); Orthorhombic (orthochyrostile, aduru a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .

  • Luster : Ɛyɛ silika

  • Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

  • Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.56-1.57

  • Nnipa dodow : 2.51-2.63

  • Cleavage : Biara nni hɔ

  • Nneɛma a ɛpaapae : Fibrous

  • Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

  • Luminescence : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, fluorescence a ɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw mu

  • Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

  • Optical effects : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a chatoyancy

chrysotile aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ

Chrysotile ahorow ahorow

Chrysotile wɔ polytypes abiɛsa, anaasɛ minerals a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho yɛ polymorphic. Ɛno kyerɛ sɛ nnuru a ɛwɔ ɔkwan biara so no yɛ pɛ nanso ɛsono ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe wɔ ne yɔnko ho.

  • Clinochrysotile : Nea ɛtaa ba, ɛwɔ monoclinic crystal nhyehyɛe

  • Orthochrysotile : Ɔkwan a ɛntaa nsi a ɛwɔ orthorhombic crystal nhyehyɛe ne refractive index a ɛkorɔn a ɛne nhama tenten no hyia

  • Parachrysotile : Ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛntaa nsi koraa a ɛwɔ orthorhombic crystal nhyehyɛe ne refractive index a ɛkorɔn a ɛteɛteɛ nhama no axis tenten

Chrysotile ahorow abiɛsa nso wɔ hɔ a ɛho hia sɛ wuhu:

  • Aluminian Chrysotile : Nneɛma ahorow a aluminium pii wom

  • Chrysotilasbest : Ahorow a ɛwɔ asbestiform su (nhama a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ ɛbɛtetew mu a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ tratraa, ɛware, na ɛyɛ den sɛ wobebubu) .

  • Ishkildite : Ahorow a silica pii wom a ɛsono sɛnea ɛhwɛ ade sen chrysotile ahorow afoforo

Wunim mineral no ho nsɛm nyinaa, nanso chrysotile serpentine ntease no nso ɛ?

chrysotile aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ Mfonini no fi: Eurico Zimbres | Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Tumi krataa a wɔde di dwuma wɔ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ ne nyinaa so

Chrysotile Abo Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Chrysotile yɛ ne ho a ɔde susuw nneɛma ho, ahoɔden, ne ahoɔden a ɔde gyina ano ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Wɔto din wɔ honhom famfo mu sɛ “Nkwa Abo.” Saa ahwehwɛ yi nso yɛ anigye zodiac ɔbo ma Gemini.

Edin a ɛnteɛ a wɔde frɛ ɔsebɔ ahabammono jasper asbestos anaa ɔtweaseɛ nsenia nso nyaa din wɔ bere a atwam no mu sɛ chrysotile boa nea ɔhyɛ no ma ohu bɔne anaa asɛmmɔne na ɔdan no.

Nanso, chrysotile nnɛyi abakɔsɛm fã kɛse no ara wɔ asiane ahorow a ɛwɔ chrysotile a wɔde wɔn ho bɛhyɛ mu no mu.

Abakɔsɛm a Edi Kan

Yɛde chrysotile a wɔahu no na efi ase. Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Franz von Kobell dii kan too chrysotile nhwɛsode ahorow a efi Canada din wɔ 1843. Ɔpaw din no fii Hela kasa mu chrysos a ɛkyerɛ “sika kɔkɔɔ” ne tilos a ɛkyerɛ “hama” no so, na ɔde twee adwene sii ɔbo no sika kɔkɔɔ nhama so.

Ansa na wɔreto din mprempren no, na mineralogical din afoforo a wɔde frɛ chrysotile ne:

  • Canadafo asbestos a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

  • Faserserpentin a wɔde yɛ adwuma

  • Chrysotile-alpha anaa α-Krisotile a wɔde yɛ aduru

  • Kuphoite/Kuphoitefoɔ

  • Lefkasbest/Lefkasbestos a ɛyɛ benkum

  • Picrosmine/Pikrosmin a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

  • Cyphoîte a wɔde di dwuma

  • Karystiolite a wɔde yɛ aduru

  • Krysolith na ɔkyerɛwee

Asbestos a Wɔbara

Wɔ 1900 mfe no nyinaa mu no, na chrysotile na ɛyɛ asbestos nneɛma dodow no ara wɔ U.S. Nokwarem no, kan no na Canada ne U.S. na wɔyɛ chrysotile fibea ahorow a ɛsen biara.

Enti, bere bɛn na wɔbaraa chrysotile?

Mmuae tiawa no? Akyiri yi koraa sen sɛnea wobɛhwɛ kwan. Mmuae a ɛware kakra no:

Asbestos a wɔde di dwuma no fi afe 2400 A.Y.B. Nanso, aban kyerɛwtohɔ a edi kan a ɛfa awuduru a wɔde asbestos ayɛ ho no puei wɔ 1924 mu wɔ British Medical Journal .

Saa aduruyɛ mu asɛm yi bae bere a wobuee asbestos a edi kan a wotu de di gua wɔ Canada wɔ 1874 mu akyi mfe 50. Asbestos awuduru, anaa asbestosis, nyaa ne sɛnkyerɛnne ahorow a edi kan fii Oduruyɛfo ERA Merewether hɔ wɔ 1930 mfe no mu.

Wɔ UK no, nhwehwɛmu a Merewether yɛe no boa ma wɔhyehyɛɛ aban ahobammɔ maa asbestos adwumayɛbea adwumayɛfo nanso ɛnyɛ wɔn a wɔde nneɛma no hyehyɛ mu no.

Asbestos a ɛde yare anaa kokoram ba ho kyerɛwtohɔ afoforo pii sii kosii 1940 mfe no mu, na Encyclopedia Britannica frɛɛ asbestos sɛ “ɛde adwuma ne nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia mu kokoram ba” wɔ 1949. Ɛmfa ho sɛ nhwehwɛmu pii a ɛkyerɛ asiane ahorow no, na ɛnyɛ 1969 mu ansa na... UK hyehyɛɛ mmara a ɛho hia.

Wɔ Australia no, wɔabara chrysotile fi afe 2003. Ná aban no afi ase regyae asbestos a wɔde di dwuma nkakrankakra wɔ 1960 mfe no mu.

Wɔ 1970 mfe no mu no, U.S. fii ase hyehyɛɛ mmara a ɛfa asbestosis ho. Ɛwom sɛ Asoɛe a Ɛhwɛ Nneɛma a Atwa Yɛn Ho Ahyia So (EPA) bɔɔ mmɔden sɛ wobetu asbestos afi hɔ nkakrankakra wɔ 1990 mfe no mfiase mu hɔ de, nanso U.S. asennibea ahorow siw bara a wɔbarae no kwan.

Efi April 5, 2022 no, EPA rebɔ mmɔden sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ mmara a wɔbara chrysotile asbestos de abɔ wɔn a wɔyɛ, wɔn a wɔde hyɛ mu, ne wɔn a wɔde di dwuma no ho ban.

Yɛbɛka ahobammɔ ho nsɛm pii ho asɛm wɔ Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesie ɔfã no mu. Nanso mprempren de, momma yɛnkɔ honhom fam akwahosan so na yɛnka chrysotile ayaresa tumi ahorow bi ho asɛm!

chrysotile wɔ ɔwɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den mu Mfonini no fi: James St. John | Flickr a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm

Chrysotile Ayaresa Nneɛma

Aboɔden abo nyinaa betumi ayɛ abo a ɛsa yare , a ne kɔla nya wɔn tumi so nkɛntɛnso. Chrysotiles pii yɛ ahabammono, na ɛka aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ ahabammono ho ma ɛma ahoɔden ne nyin.

Chrysotile abo kɔkɔɔ wɔ mfaso horow a ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ so , te sɛ anidaso, anigye, ne adebɔ a ɛkɔ soro. Saa bere yi nyinaa, chrysotile a ɛyɛ bruu no ma aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ bruu no tumi yɛ fam na ɛkari pɛ .

Na honam fam, nkate fam, ne chakra ayaresa a wɔde di dwuma pɔtee nso ɛ?

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Chrysotile nni nipadua mu ayaresa tumi pii dodo. Nneɛma atitiriw a wɔde chrysotile ayaresa abo di dwuma wɔ nipadua mu ne sɛ wɔde sa nsɛm a ɛfa mogya a ɛkɔ ne anisoadehu ho.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Nneɛma a wɔkyerɛ sɛ chrysotile wɔ sɛ ɛsa nkate mu ayaresa no bi ne sɛ ɛboa wo ma wugyae nsusuwii anaa nneyɛe a enye. Wɔkyerɛ nso sɛ ɔbo no bɔ wo ho ban bere a woreyɛ adwuma wɔ ɛyaw mu fi nkate mu nsɛnnennen a atwam mu no, na ɛboa wo ma wo bo dwo na wusua biribi fi wo mfomso ahorow mu a wunmmu wo ho atɛn mma no.

Chakra Ayaresa

Wɔde chakra abo di dwuma wɔ tete adeyɛ a ɛne sɛ wobue ahoɔden mmeae a wɔasiw (chakras) de siesie sɛnkyerɛnne bɔne ahorow no mu.

Sɛnea wunim no, aboɔden abo kɔla nya ayaresa so nkɛntɛnso. Te sɛ aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo , chrysotile fitaa yɛ chakra ɔbo ma abotiri chakra, bue honhom mu ɔsorokɔ ne nhumu a ɛkorɔn.

Nanso chrysotile a ɛyɛ ahabammono de, ɛyɛ chakra ɔbo a wɔde kari pɛ wɔ koma chakra no mu, na ɛde ɔdɔ ho nkate ba ma wɔn ankasa ne afoforo.

Koma a abue som bo wɔ nkate fam, nanso dɛn ne bo a chrysotile som sɛ aboɔden abo?

Chrysotile Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Te sɛ aboɔden abo dodow no ara no, bo a chrysotile som no ba fam kodu baabi a ɔbo pɔtee biara hwe ase wɔ kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, ne ayaresa ahorow no so.

Ahosuo

Ɛmfa ho ne din “asbestos fitaa” no, chrysotile abo dodow no ara a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ na wɔtɔn sɛ aboɔden abo no yɛ fitaa anaa ahabammono. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ bere nyinaa na wɔwɔ ntini anaasɛ nsensanee, na ɛtaa yɛ fitaa ne fitaa anaasɛ ahabammono ne fitaa a ɛwɔ mfinimfini kosi tuntum. Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, chrysotile yɛ bruu anaa kɔkɔɔ.

Twa

Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ wotwitwa abo a wɔfrɛ no chrysotile nyinaa sɛ cabochons , kurukuruwa, anaa abo a ahwe ase. Wobɛtaa ahu chrysotile cabochons wɔ pendants ne asomuade mu. Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ chrysotile a ɛwɔ afã horow no nni hɔ.

Ebia wubehu chrysotiles a wɔasen te sɛ abantenten, koma, anaa poma nso.

Ɛda adi pefee

nneɛma a ɛho yɛ na a wɔde ka apɔnkɔ dua ho a ebetumi ama demantoid garnet ayɛ nea ɛsom bo a ɛyɛ nwonwa da nkyɛn a, chrysotile a wɔde ka ho wɔ abo afoforo mu dodow no ara bɛtew ɔbo bi bo so.

Ɛdefa nneɛma a wɔde ka chrysotile ankasa ho no, ɛnyɛ pii na abu so. Nanso, ɔbo no nhama betumi ayɛ adwuma te sɛ nneɛma afoforo a wɔde ka ho no wɔ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛma aniwa mu adeyɛ a ɛsom bo a ɛne chatoyancy, anaasɛ “ɔkraman aniwa” nkɛntɛnso no mu.

Ayaresa ahorow

Wɔde kɔla gu chrysotile abo pii so ma ɛyɛ kɔla a ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ ɛyɛ anigye. Wobetumi de resin nso ahyɛ mu ma ayɛ den kɛse na atumi atra hɔ akyɛ.

Mpɛn pii no, ayaresa ahorow ma ɔbo bi bo so tew (titiriw nea wɔde kɔla gu mu), enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔtɔn no da no adi bere nyinaa sɛ wɔayɛ chrysotile ɔbo (anaasɛ aboɔden abo biara a ɛfa saa asɛm no ho) ho adwuma anaa.

chrysotile wɔ ɔwɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den mu Mfonini no fi: James St. John | Flickr a wɔde kyerɛw nsɛm

Chrysotile Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Ɔkwan a wɔtaa fa so yɛ chrysotile mineral no te sɛ antigorite ne lizardite de no: hydrothermal alteration (a wɔfrɛ no low-grade metamorphism) a ɛba ultramafic abotan mu.

Sɛ nsu a aboɔden abo pii wom kɔ abotan no mu a, ɛsakra abotan a ɛwɔ mu no. Kan minerals no bɛyɛ foforo — wɔ eyi mu no, olivine anaa orthopyroxene taa bɛyɛ chrysotile.

Abotan a ɛtaa ba a chrysotile wom ne dolomitic limestone a wɔasesa ne serpentinite.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛhe na wotu chrysotile? Wɔn a wɔyɛ chrysotile a ɛho hia sen biara ne:

  • Brazil

  • Canada

  • China

  • Kazakhstan na ɛwɔ hɔ

  • Poland

  • Russia

  • Zimbabwe na ɛwɔ hɔ

Wɔ adetɔfo asɛmmisa a ɛho hia no so: chrysotile aboɔden abo bo yɛ ahe?

Chrysotile_wɔ_ɔwɔ_12.jpg mu Mfonini no fi: James St. John | Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Tumi krataa a ɛwɔ hɔ nyinaa

Chrysotile Bo & Ne Bo

Chrysotile ahorow atitiriw a wubehu sɛ wɔtaa tɔn ne cabochons ne abo a wɔahwe ase. Dodow no ara yɛ nsensanee a ɛyɛ nsensanee fitaa a ɛyɛ ahabammono a ɛyɛ mfinimfini kosi tuntum anaa fitaa kosi tuntum.

Chrysotile cabochons ne abo a wɔahwe ase no yɛ super affordable. Dodow no ara bo nyɛ dɔla biako wɔ carat biara mu, na abo mmiako mmiako bo bɛyɛ dɔla 5 kosi 8 biara.

Nneɛma a wɔasen te sɛ koma, abantenten, ne poma korɔn kakra a emu biara bo bɛyɛ dɔla 15, ɛwom sɛ nea ɛsõ sen biara betumi ayɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 30 de.

Chrysotile Ahobammɔ ne Ɔhwɛ

Ansa na yɛbɛka aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho asɛm , momma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea wobedi chrysotile ho dwuma dwoodwoo. Nea eye ne sɛ, amphibole asbestos minerals yɛ asiane kɛse sen serpentine asbestos, nanso ɛno nkyerɛ sɛ chrysotile yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho koraa.

Nea edi kan no, dɛn ne chrysotile ɔha biara mu nkyem a ɛkɔ soro? Abenfo dodow no ara bɛka sɛ dodow biara a wɔde bɛto ɔha biara mu no yɛ nea asiane wom. Nanso, asiane a ɛwɔ chrysotile mu ne bere a wɔhome ne nhama a afi mu no. Enti, abo a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ no mfa asiane biara mma gye sɛ wɔabubu.

Ɛno akyi no, ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wotwitwa aboɔden abo no yɛ ahwɛyiye bere a wɔretwitwa chrysotile — s.e. adwumayɛbea a atew ne ho, ahobammɔ nnwinnade a ɛfata a akataso ne aniwa a wɔde kata so ka ho, ne nsateaa. Bio nso, ahobammɔ ho abenfo dodow no ara kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotwitwa abo no bere a ɛyɛ nsu, efisɛ sɛ wotwa no dwo a, ɛbɛma nhama pii afi mu.

Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔn a wɔtɔ nneɛma da biara da no hwɛ yiye wɔ nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ den ho dwuma mu, na sɛ ɛbɛyɛ yiye a, wɔde sie ade a wɔatoto mu mu na amma nhama antumi anhome.

Onto aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so!

Aboɔden abo a Wɔhwɛ So

Bere a chrysotile renkɔ nsu mu no, ne nhama no befi ase apaapae wɔ acid a wɔayam mu, enti mma acid biara mmɛn ɔbo no.

Wɔ chrysotile agude ho no, yɛkamfo kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛbɔ ho ban na ama wɔabu ɔbo no dibea a ɛba fam wɔ Mohs mineral hardness scale no so .

Wubetumi de brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a wɔtaa de di dwuma, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne samina a ɛnyɛ den asiesie (a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ) chrysotile. Fa sie wɔ baabi a ɛda nsow wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo ho na amma ansɛe.

Wo kɔn dɔ Chrysotile Crystal?

Mma asbestos afã no nsiw wo kwan — ɛnyɛ sɛ chrysotile abo a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ no yɛ nea ahobammɔ wom sɛ wode bedi dwuma nko, na mmom ɛma mfaso pii ma nkate mu ayaresa ne ahobammɔ fi vibes bɔne ho. Esiane sɛ nneɛma bo yɛ den na wɔayɛ nsusuwso a ɛtwetwe adwene nti, dɛn na ɛnsɛ sɛ yɛdɔ?

Kɔtɔ chrysotile aboɔden abo nnɛ!


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