Cerussite Gemstone: Nkyerɛaseɛ, Dwumadie & Botaeɛ Nsɛm
Cerussite (wɔbɔ no si- ruhs -ahyt anaa seer -uh-sahyt) yɛ kɔbere aboɔden abo a wɔtaa hu a enni kɔla anaasɛ ne kɔla yɛ krim. Ɛyɛ abo biako pɛ a daimond da nkyɛn a ɛwɔ adamantine luster, hyerɛn a ɛkorɔn sen biara a ebetumi aba.
Wɔtɔn cerussite a wɔtɔn nnɛ no mu dodow no ara sɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔannoa anaasɛ nea wɔde yɛ nhwɛso. Ɛte sɛ nea akwan horow a wobetumi apaw ama ahwehwɛ no nni awiei, na cerussite ka sɛ ɛwɔ nsɛso a ɛyɛ abien sen aboɔden abo foforo biara.
Ɛnyɛ ɔbo no mu nneɛma a ɛyɛ den no nkutoo ne ne su a ɛyɛ nwonwa. Wɔ akwankyerɛ yi mu no, wobɛhunu cerussite ahoɔden nyinaa, ayaresa tumi, ne boɔ, ne nea ɛkeka ho!
Dɛn Ne Cerussite Ahwehwɛ?
Cerussite yɛ ɔbo a ɛsom bo fã a ɛdɔɔso, nanso cerussites a ɛwɔ anim no ho yɛ na sen aboɔden abo biara , efisɛ ɛyɛ yaw sɛ wobetwitwa.
Dɛn na wobetumi de cerussite adi dwuma? Baako ne sɛ, cerussite ahwehwɛ a wɔannoa no yɛ aboɔden abo a agye din a wɔboaboa ano . Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ kɔbere a wɔde yɛ nneɛma.
Nyansahufo adua cerussites a wɔayɛ de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu. Abakɔsɛm mu no, na wɔde cerussite di dwuma pii de yɛ ahosiesie (wɔkaa ho asɛm akyiri yi).
Cerussite a enni kɔla a ɛne daimond di nsɛ no kyerɛ sɛ wubetumi de asi ananmu sɛ April awobo , ɛwom sɛ wotumi nya daimond agude ntɛm sen cerussite agude de. Ankorankoro, cerussite yɛ Virgo zodiac ɔbo .
Cerussite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow
Sɛ́ lead carbonate no, cerussite a wɔde yɛ no ne PbCO3. Ebetumi ayɛ kɔbere bɛyɛ ɔha biara mu nkyem 78, na ama ayɛ nea ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ mu duro.
Cerussite aboɔden aboɔ ka aragonite , witherite , ne strontianite ho wɔ aragonite kuw a ɛyɛ orthorhombic carbonates no mu.
Wubetumi ahu cerussite denam ne kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne refractive index a ɛkorɔn (a ɛboro anohyeto so wɔ refractometer so), ne ne brɛoo wɔ Mohs nsenia so a wobɛhwehwɛ so . Ɛbɛpete na ayɛ effervesce (afi ase ayɛ bubbling) wɔ nitric acid a wɔayam mu, nanso sɔhwɛ yi sɛe ade.
Cerussite a ɛwɔ mineral mu ne:
Mohs denden : 3-3.5
Kɔla : Kɔla : Enni kɔla, krim, fitaa, fitaa, ahabammono, kɔkɔɔ, bruu, pink, bruu, kɔkɔɔ, tuntum
Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic
Luster : Mpɛn pii no ɛyɛ adamantine anaa vitreous (ahwehwɛ); Ebetumi ayɛ ahwehwɛ, submetallic, anaa resinous
Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee
Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.80-2.08
Nnipa dodow : 6.46-6.57
Cleavage : Ɛda nsow/Eye, 2-akwankyerɛ wɔ [110] & [021] so.
Fracture : Conchoidal anaasɛ ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ
Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa
Luminescence : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛyɛ fluorescence; Pink-orange anaa yellow wɔ LW-UV & light blue anaa green wɔ SW-UV mu
Optical nsunsuanso : Ɛntaa nyɛ chatoyancy
Ntrɛwmu : 0.055 (ahoɔden) .
Nsonsonoe abien : 0.275
Cerussite Ahorow Ahorow
Cerussite mfiridwuma mu ahorow biako pɛ ne canary anaa yellow-green chrome (anaa chromian) cerussite . Saa din yi yɛ nnaadaa kakra — wɔdaadaa mfitiase nsusuwii a ɛne sɛ ne kɔla fi chromium nkutoo mu no sɛ ɛnyɛ nokware.
Ebia chromium na ɛboa, nanso ɛnyɛ ɛno nkutoo na ɛde ba. Nsusuwii afoforo bi ne sɛ wɔde akokɔsrade ka ho, carbon a wɔde yɛ nneɛma a nkwa wom, abɔde mu mframa a wɔde hyɛ mu, anaa eyinom a wɔaka abom.
Cerussite ahorow nso wɔ hɔ (a ɛte sɛ ahorow dodo) a wɔde wɔn efĩ da nsow:
Argentiferous Cerussite : Dwetɛ-bearing variant mpɛn pii no efi dwetɛ-mineral nketewa a ɛka ho
Iglésiasite anaa Zincian Cerussite : Zinc-bearing variant a wɔde ne mpɔtam a edi kan wɔ Iglesias, Italy din too so
Hydrocerussite : Ɔkwan foforo a ɛntaa nsi a hydroxide wom
Nea ɛyɛ anigye no, hydrocerussite dii dwuma titiriw wɔ cerussite abakɔsɛm mu!
Cerussite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm
Cerussite ahwehwɛ no yɛ hann, nsakrae, ne honhom fam nneɛma ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Nhyɛso a ɛkanyan wɔn ma wɔtoo cerussite din no nyɛ ahintasɛm kɛse. Ansa na ɛrenya ne din mprempren no, na nsɛmfua atitiriw a wɔde frɛ ɔbo no bi ne:
Acrusite a ɛyɛ den
Kɔbere fitaa
Kɔbere fitaa a wɔde yɛ nneɛma
Carbonate a ɛwɔ kɔbere mu
Kɔbere spar
“Cerussite” fi Latin kasa mu cerussa , a ɛkyerɛ “kɔbere fitaa.” Ɛwom sɛ “cerussa” pue wɔ kyerɛwtohɔ ahorow a efi 400 A.Y.B.
Wɔ 1565 mu no, Switzerlandni abɔde ho nimdefo Conrad Gessner dii kan kaa ho asɛm sɛ “cerussa kurom hɔfo.” Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo F. S. Beaudant tintim nkyerɛkyerɛmu bi wɔ “céruse” ase wɔ 1832 mu, nanso Austriani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo W. Haidinger de “cerussite” din no sii hɔ wɔ 1845 mu.
Tete Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma
Ɛkame ayɛ sɛ na abakɔsɛm mu biara a wɔde cerussite di dwuma no yɛ nnuru a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie anaa aduru a wɔde yɛ aduru.
Tete Misrifo dii kan de cerussite aduru dii dwuma de yɛɛ anim mfonini fitaa. Na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ wɔn ho fɛfɛɛfɛ kɛkɛ — na wogye di sɛ ahoɔfɛ yɛ kronkron.
Helafo de aduru a wɔde kyekyere wɔn ho no dii dwuma de maa wɔn honam ani yɛɛ te sɛ porcelain, na wosuasuaa Helafo anansesɛm mu anyame. Saa ara na tete Romafo fii amammerɛ mu adeyɛ a ɛne sɛ wɔde cerussite yɛ honam ani fitaa no ase.
Ná Romafo gye di sɛ honam ani a ɛyɛ fitaa a nkekae biara nni ho no ne ɔbea ahoɔfɛ ho nhwɛso. Nanso, na aduru a wɔde yɛ wɔn ho a ɛda adi pefee (nea yɛbɛfrɛ no “caked on”) yɛ tuutuusi ho sɛnkyerɛnne.
Adeyɛ no kɔɔ so wɔ Mfinimfini Mmere mu Europa , bere a wɔhwehwɛɛ sɛ wɔbɛte sɛ nea ɔwɔ apɔwmuden, esiane nnuru a enni hɔ ne nyarewa te sɛ akisikuru ne nsamanwaw a na agye din nti.
Bere a nnuruyɛ ne aman nyaa nkɔso no, asetra mu gyinabea dan fii akwahosan so kɔɔ ahonyade so.
Asesɛw Bere: Ceruse ne Rembrandt
Wɔ 1500 mfe no mu na Venetia ceruse nyaa nkɔanim . Ná Ceruse yɛ aduru a wɔde hydrocerussite ayɛ a ɛma honam ani yɛ fitaa na ɛma honam ani hwɛbea kari pɛ.
Venice, Italy, de ceruse a ɛkorɔn sen biara hoahoa ne ho. Sɛ wɔde anifere kwan so aguadi ne nneɛma bo a ɛyɛ fɛ ka ho a, na adehye hwehwɛ saa cream de la crème (sɛ yɛbɛka a) yi kɛse.
Anuonyamfo a wɔte saa no mu biako ne England Ɔhemmaa Elizabeth I a wogye di sɛ ɔde Venetian ceruse di dwuma daa no. Nhwɛso foforo ne Renaissance ntadehyɛ ho ɔbenfo Isabelle d’Este . Ceruse a ɔde dii dwuma daa no maa ne honam ani sɛee daa.
Saa ara nso na ɛbɛyɛ sɛ kɔbere awuduru a wɔde dii dwuma mfe pii akyi no na ɛmaa Engiresini fekubɔfo Maria Coventry wui wɔ 1760 mu wɔ 1760. Nnipa pii frɛɛ asɛm no sɛ “Owu a Ahuhude Mu.”
Wɔ aduru a wɔde yɛ wɔn ho akyi no, cerussite nso bosea yiye ma wɔde yɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ kɔla.
Woate Rembrandt ho asɛm pɛn ? Nneɛma a wɔde afrafra pɛpɛɛpɛ a ɛwɔ n’adwuma a ɛwɔ afã abiɛsa no akyi no maa mfoniniyɛfo adwene tu frae mfehaha pii. Wɔ afe 2019 mu no, nyansahufo huu ahintasɛm ade a wɔde yɛ no: cerussite!
Nnɛyi Abakɔsɛm: 1700 mfe no mu kosi Mprempren
Eduu 1700 mfe no mu no, nhwehwɛmufo huu akwahosan ho asiane a emu yɛ den a kɔbere betumi de aba, a efi nnuru a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie mu titiriw.
Nanso, wɔanhu sɛnea emu yɛ den ankasa kosii 1979 mu, bere a Amerikani oduruyɛfo Herbert Needleman yɛɛ aban nhwehwɛmu wɔ nkɛntɛnso a kɔbere awuduru nya ho no. Ɛnnɛ, wɔahyɛ kɔbere a wɔde yɛ nneɛma ho mmara kɛse, ɛwom sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ ahosiesie dodow no ara da so ara wɔ nneɛma nketenkete bi de.
Nea eye ne sɛ, cerussite aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa no yɛ nea asiane biara nni ho, na wubetumi de adi dwuma de ayɛ ahwehwɛ ayaresa!
Cerussite Ayaresa Nneɛma
Cerussite yɛ ɔbo soronko a ɛsa yare , a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo fitaa a ɛma denhyɛ, honhom fam su horow , bere a ne mu duru ma ɛyɛ fam te sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ sum no. White cerussite yɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo , bue wo ma honhom mu nyin ne wo ho a wubehu.
Saa bere yi nyinaa, cerussite kɔkɔɔ bue sacral chakra no adebɔ mu, na cerussite a ɛyɛ ahabammono ma koma chakra no kari pɛ ma ɔdɔ ne gye a wogye tom.
Dɛn na cerussite ye ma honam ne nkate fam?
Nipadua mu Ayaresa
Crystal ayaresafo de cerussite di dwuma ma:
Jet lag a wɔde ko tia
Dadwen & adwennwen a wɔtew so
Adwenemhaw a wɔsa
Ɔhaw ahorow ano aduru, ntease, ne adwene a wɔde si biribi so a wɔkanyan wɔ amemene no mu
Nkate mu Ayaresa
Wɔ nkate fam no, wogye di sɛ cerussite ma anidaso ne ahoɔden a wode gyina tebea horow ano no yɛ kɛse wɔ sum anaa nsakrae bere mu, na ɛboa ma wugye tom na wosakra. Wote nka sɛ woayɛ basaa anaasɛ woayɛ basaa? Cerussite betumi ama adwene mu ada hɔ na ayɛ komm.
Honhom mu Ayaresa
Wɔde cerussite ahwehwɛ no bata honhom mu alchemy, tete gyidi nhyehyɛe bi a ɛfa nsakrae ho no ho. Sɛ́ anka honhom fam nnuruyɛfo bɛdan kɔbere ayɛ no sika kɔkɔɔ no, wɔdannan wɔn honhom ma wodu “sika kɔkɔɔ” a ɛma wonya nimdeɛ no ho.
Te sɛ Buddhasom no, edi akwan horow pii akyi na cerussite boa ma adeyɛ no yɛ mmerɛw. Efi ase wɔ calcination (sɛ wohwehwɛ sɛnea wokura wo ho mu) na ɛba awiei wɔ coagulation (ahofadi a wode bɛka wo honhom mu nipasu a ɛkorɔn no ho).
Cerussite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ
Cerussite bo a ɛsom no fi nneɛma bi a wɔahyɛ da ayɛ te sɛ kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, ne carat mu duru mu, nanso ahwehwɛ su nso ho hia yiye.
Nea edi kan no, kɔla bɛn na cerussite yɛ?
Ahosuo
Mpɛn pii no, cerussite yɛ krim anaasɛ enni kɔla a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono, anaa fitaa. Kɔla afoforo a ebetumi aba ne bruu, bruu, kɔkɔɔ, pink, fitaa a emu dɔ, anaa tuntum mpo.
Kɔbere efĩ ma ɛyɛ ahabammono, bere a galena a wɔde ka ho no ma ɛyɛ fitaa tuntum anaa tuntum. Efĩ ahorow ne nneɛma a wɔde ka ho te sɛ malachite a ɛyɛ ahabammono na ɛde kɔla afoforo no ba.
Nea ɛnte sɛ aboɔden abo dodow no ara no, kɔla nnya cerussite bo so nkɛntɛnso kɛse, titiriw bere a wɔde toto nkɛntɛnso a ne su a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ nya no ho no.
Crystal Nsusuwii
Ahwehwɛ su a ɛtaa ba wɔ cerussite mu ne ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ pon (tabular) anaa prismatic, ne mprɛte nketenkete a ɛyɛ tratraa. Ebetumi ayɛ dome ne pyramid mpo. Nanso, nea ɛsom bo sen biara ne ne mmanoma pii.
Nanso dɛn ne twinning ? Twinning ba bere a aboɔden abo bi yɛ ahwehwɛ pii a ɛhyia na ɛpaapae, na ɛma ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ.
Nwansena dodow no ara wɔ ahwehwɛ abien pɛ, te sɛ “elbow twin” a ɛte sɛ V no. Cerussite elbow twins wɔ anim kurukuruwa a ɛyɛ fɛ. Nea ɛka ho no, eyinom bi wɔ mmeae a wontumi nkyerɛkyerɛ mu kɛse wɔ “V” no mu, na ɛma wonya koma.
Cerussite mmanoma a wɔwɔ ahwehwɛ bɛboro abien betumi ayɛ nsoromma, mmeamudua a ɛte sɛ mmeamudua, “nsoromma asia” a wɔn ano yɛ asia, ne “nsoromma” nsoromma a ɛwɔ hann asia. Ɔbo no tumi yɛ mmanoma mpo a ahwehwɛ du du pii a ɛka bom!
Nneɛma a ɛyɛ fɛ sen biara no mu biako ne “sukyerɛmma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw,” a ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ tratraa pii a ɛka bom (a ɛyɛ reticulated) na ɛyɛ.
Transparency & Nsɛm a Ɛda Hɔ
Cerussites a ɛbɛn nea ɛda adi no som bo kɛse. Nokwarem no, nneɛma a wɔde ka ho no betumi aka sɛnea ɛda adi pefee na emu da hɔ. Yɛkaa malachite ne galena ho asɛm, nanso nneɛma afoforo a wɔtaa de ka ho ne:
Nneɛma bi a wɔde ka ho betumi ama cerussite bo akɔ soro, te sɛ malachite.
Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, nhama a wɔde ka ho no betumi ama chatoyancy (“ɔkraman aniwa” nkɛntɛnso) aba. Wɔfrɛ saa abo yi “cat’s eye cerussite” nanso ɛsɛ sɛ wotwa no yiye.
Twa
Cerussites a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no da hyerɛn a ɛne daimond yɛ pɛ adi, nanso ɛpete (ogya) a ɛboro daimond so. Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, ɔbo no mu mpaapaemu pii, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, ne ɔhyew a ɛma ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ma faceting yɛ anifere kɛse .
Cerussite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow a wɔntaa nhu koraa, a abenfo nkutoo na wotwa no betumi anya nsusuwii soronko te sɛ ahinanan a wɔakyinkyim no, ne atetesɛm mu nsusuwii a ɛhyerɛn anaasɛ emerald.
Ɛsɛ sɛ wotwitwa cat’s eye cerussites sɛ cabochons na ama wɔahu hann a ɛdannan no. Mpɛn pii no, wɔtɔn cerussites sɛ ahwehwɛ a wɔannoa.
Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse
Cerussite tumi nyin yɛ akɛse, titiriw fi mmeae bi. Sɛ nhwɛso no, Namibia yɛ cerussite rough a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ebetumi de aboɔden abo a ɛboro 1,000 cts fɛm (sɛ na ɛnyɛ anifere saa a wobetwa a).
Namibia nso yɛɛ “Anhweatam so Hann” a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛyɛ nwonwa a emu duru bɛyɛ 900 cts! Cerussite a ɛdi hɔ a ɛso sen biara, bɛyɛ 200 cts, nbɛn saa kɛseɛ yi. Arizona, USA, ne Namibia ayɛ cat’s eye cabochons fi 2-6 cts.
Ade biako a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛma ɛtra yɛn adwenem ne cerrusite a ɛyɛ den a ɛyɛ nwonwa, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ abo a emu duru yɛ carat kɛse no bɛyɛ nketewa wɔ ne kɛse mu asen aboɔden abo afoforo a emu duru yɛ carat koro no ara.
Ansa na ebedu saa akɛse yi no, ɔkwan bɛn so na wɔyɛ cerussite?
Cerussite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma
Cerussite yɛ aboɔden aboɔ a ɛtɔ so mmienu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛfiri aseɛ sɛ aboɔden aboɔ baako nanso ɛsakyera yɛ cerussite ɛnam tumi te sɛ wim tebea anaa nnuru foforɔ a wɔde aba nti.
Ɛha yi, galena di kan sɛ aboɔden abo titiriw, na ɛno nti na wɔtaa ka cerussite ne galena ho asɛm no.
Nsu a emu dɔ a ɛwɔ asase ase, a carbonated, acid wom ma galena porɔw. Kɔbere a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo no mu no mu paapae, afei ɛne carbonates a ɛbɛn hɔ no bom yɛ cerussite.
Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na metumi anya cerussite?
Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo
Fibea a ɛho hia sen biara a wonya cerussite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo ne Namibia. Morocco nso ho hia ma ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmanoma a ɛyɛ fɛ.
Cerussite fibea afoforo a ɛda nsow ne:
Australia
Austria
Bohemia na ɛwɔ hɔ
China
Czechia na ɛwɔ hɔ
Congo
Germany
Greece na ɛwɔ hɔ
Iran
Italy
Mexico
Siberia na ɛwɔ hɔ
Slovakia na ɛwɔ hɔ
Spain
UK (Scotland, England) na ɛwɔ hɔ.
U.S.A. (Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Maryland, Montana, Nevada, Mexico Foforo, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Utah)
Zambia na ɛwɔ hɔ
Wɔ asɛmmisa kɛse no so: sika ahe na cerussite bɛbɔ wo?
Cerussite Bo & Ne Bo
Cerussites a ne bo yɛ den sen biara no wɔ afã horow, ɛwom sɛ cabochons nso kura bo a ɛyɛ den de. Faceted cerussite fi $25-$100 wɔ carat biara mu. Cat’s eye cerussite cabochons gye $45-$75 wɔ carat biara mu.
Ahwehwɛ a wɔannoa no wɔ nneɛma a ɛtrɛw, efi ase fi dɔla 5 na ɛkɔ soro kodu dɔla 6,500. Ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no bo yɛ den, bɛyɛ dɔla 50 kosi 1,000. Sukyerɛmma a ɛyɛ ahwehwɛ no bo yɛ dɔla 45 kosi 6,600.
Rough a wɔde malachite afra nso betumi ayɛ nea ne bo yɛ den, efi $18 kosi $430, anaasɛ $900 a chrysocolla wɔ hɔ, nso. Nneɛma afoforo a wɔde afrafra no bo nyɛ den, te sɛ:
Sɛ wode barite di dwuma a: $15-$30
Sɛ wode pyrite ka ho a: Bɛyɛ $75
Sɛ wode galena ka ho a: $15-$250
Sɛ wɔde sika a ɛte sɛɛ di dwuma a, aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so yiye ho hia yiye!
Cerussite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei
Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, cerussite agude yɛ mmerɛw ma ɛyɛ nwonwa, na ɛfata sɛ wɔde ahwɛyiye hyɛ, na wɔntaa nhyɛ nkutoo. Cerussite ring a wɔde nneɛma a ɛbɔ ho ban mpo betumi abubu ntɛm.
Bio nso, kɔbere ma cerussite a ɛyɛ den a wobetwa no yɛ akwahosan ho asiane kɛse, na ɛhwehwɛ sɛ obi nya nimdeɛ a ɛkorɔn sen biara na wɔyɛ ahobammɔ ho ahwɛyiye.
Sɛ wode ahobanbɔ nneɛma a ɛfata di dwuma a, wubetumi de aduru a wɔde tew nneɛma ho te sɛ dithionite anaa Iron Out adi dwuma wɔ cerussite a ɛyɛ den so — sɛ ɛyɛ ɔhyew a ɛne ɔbo no yɛ pɛ a.
Ɔbo no tumi te ɔhyew ne ɔhyew a ɛsakra mpofirim no nka, enti ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde sie ade a ɛyɛ nwini a wɔhwɛ so yiye mu.
Cerussite Crystals agye wo nnommum?
Ɛwom sɛ tete de a wɔde dii dwuma no sae de, nanso cerussite ahwehwɛ da so ara yɛ nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ a wɔde siesie fie anaasɛ wɔde sa honhom fam ayaresa. Saa aboɔden abo yi sɛnkyerɛnnede a ɛhyerɛn ne nsusuwii ahorow a ɛyɛ anigye a wɔahyehyɛ no kae wo sɛ ma wo nipasu soronko no hyerɛn!
搜尋Gemstone Encyclopedia
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How To's is where you will find helpful articles from gem Rock Auctions on how to cut gemstones, select gemstones and buy gemstones.
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