Bytownite Gemstone: Agyapadeɛ, Nkyerɛaseɛ, Boɔ & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Bytownite yɛ feldspar ahorow a ɛtaa yɛ nea enni kɔla kosi kɔkɔɔ. Aboɔden abo no din fi nea wohuu wɔ Bytown, kan din a wɔde frɛɛ Ottawa, Canada, no mu.

So bytownite ho yɛ na? Sɛ́ aboɔden abo no, bytownite dɔɔso yiye; wohu wɔ wiase nyinaa ne meteorites mpo mu . Nanso, ɛda so ara yɛ plagioclase feldspar a ɛho yɛ na sen biara na bytownite aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na.

Ɛno akyi no, wɔahu sɛ owia abo ne “nyankontɔn ɔsram abo” (labradorite ahorow bi) bi wɔ bytownite.

N’ani gye ho? Bra bɛsua bytownite agyapadeɛ, ne boɔ, tumi, abakɔsɛm, ne nea ɛkeka ho!

Mfonini no fi: DonGuannie, CC-BY-SA-4.0

Ɛfa Bytownite Ɔbo ho

Bytownite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ne bo yɛ fã bi a ɛtaa yɛ nea enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Ɛtɔ da bi a wɔfrɛ no “calcic plagioclase,” nanso wɔde saa asɛmfua yi adi dwuma ama plagioclase feldspars a calcium na ɛdɔɔso wom nyinaa — bytownite, anorthite , ne labradorite — na ɛnnɛ “anorthite” yɛ asɛmfua a ɛyɛ nokware kɛse ma eyinom.

Te sɛ labradorite no, kurow no mufo binom tumi da kɔla a ɛhyerɛn a wɔfrɛ no “labradorescence” adi.

Bytownites binom te sɛ andalusite , aluminosilicate mineral a ɛtaa ba kɛse sɛ aboɔden abo, a ɛwɔ density a ɛkorɔn na pleochroism a emu yɛ den (a bytownite nni).

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, bytownite yɛ Capricorn awobo .

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, dɛn na wɔde bytownite di dwuma?

Bytownite Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Feldspars ho hia wɔ mfiridwuma mu, ɛwom sɛ wɔde alkali (potassium) feldspars di dwuma sen plagioclase feldspars de. Feldspar a wɔde di dwuma wɔ soro no wɔ dɔte ne ahwehwɛ nnwuma mu, nanso wɔde plagioclase feldspars a calcium wom te sɛ bytownite ne anorthite di dwuma titiriw wɔ adansi mu te sɛ plastic a wɔde ahwehwɛ ahyɛ mu den a wɔhyɛ mu den anaasɛ fiberglass a wɔyɛ.

Nanso nnansa yi ara, wɔde plagioclases a calcium pii wom adi dwuma ama:

• Paint, rɔba, ne plastic a wɔde hyɛ mu anaasɛ nea wɔde trɛw mu

• Fam tutu ho nneɛma a ɛkyerɛ bere a wɔde yɛ adwuma

• Nsõ a wɔde yɛ porcelain

Wɔ 1996 mu no, nhwehwɛmufo tumi yɛɛ silicon a ɛho tew titiriw (99.79 kosi 99.98 a ɛho tew) denam bytownite ne cryolite a wɔde afra a wɔanwene a wɔde dii dwuma de yɛɛ ade no electrotwin no so.

Wɔ afe 2000 mu no, amanneɛbɔ bi a ɛfa anorthosites (abotan a plagioclase feldspars nkutoo na ɛwom) ho wɔ Norway bɔɔ amanneɛ sɛ mpɔtam hɔ bytownite-anorthosites som bo wɔ mfiridwuma mu sɛ ɔkwan foforo a wɔfa so nya bauxite a wɔde fi amannɔne ba a wɔde hwehwɛ aluminium.

Wɔ afe 2021 mu no, nyansahufo tintim nkuku a wɔayɛ no mfiridwuma (synthetic) a wɔde feldspar ayɛ ne mfaso ahorow a ɛwɔ so no ho nhwehwɛmu. Wɔ nhwehwɛmu no mu no, wosuaa sɛnea wɔde mfiridwuma mu ahwehwɛ a wɔde nwura gu mu dii dwuma sɛ nneɛma a wɔde yɛ ahwehwɛ-nkuku a wɔde bytownite ne labradorite ayɛ.

Bytownite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Feldspar akuw atitiriw ne alkali (a wɔfrɛ no potassium feldspar anaa K-feldspar) ne plagioclase.

Plagioclase feldspars wɔ nneɛma a ɛwɔ albite (a sodium na ɛdɔɔso; NaAlSi3O8) ne anorthite (calcium na ɛdɔɔso; CaAl2Si2O8) ntam. Plagioclase ntoatoaso no fi albite so kɔ anorthite so, na mineral biara a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso no mu no wɔ anorthite dodow a ɛkɔ soro.

Bytownite boro anorthite so kakra wɔ plagioclase ntoatoaso no mu, na ɔha biara mu nkyem 70 kosi 90 yɛ anorthite ne ɔha biara mu nkyem 10 kosi 30 albite. Wobetumi akyerɛw bytownite fomula no sɛ (Ca,Na)(Si,Al)4O8 anaa (Ca,Na)[Al(Al,Si)Si2O8]. Aboɔden abo no yɛ calcium sodium aluminium silicate.

Aboɔden abo ho animdefo binom bu bytownite sɛ anorthite ahorow.

Feldspar afoforo a ɛwɔ plagioclase ne andesine , oligoclase , ne labradorite. Labradorite wɔ bytownite atifi pɛɛ a anorthite ɔha biara mu nkyem 50 kosi 70 ne albite ɔha biara mu nkyem 30 kosi 50 wom.

Bytownite ahwehwɛ soronko ho yɛ na nanso ɛtaa yɛ tabular, ɛyɛ nsensanee nketenkete, na ɛyɛ twinn. Wobetumi akyerɛ albite, Carlsbad, anaa Pericline twinning.

Mpɛn pii no, bytownite ba sɛ nneɛma a ɛyɛ den a wotumi paapae mu, nnua nketenkete a enni anim wɔ afrafrade mu, ahwehwɛ asinasin a ɛyɛ blocky, anaa ahwehwɛ akuwakuw a ɛyɛ ketewaa.

Wohia X-ray diffraction, petrographic analysis, anaa chemical analysis na ama woahu density pɔtee (specific gravity) ne refractive indices na ama woahu bytownite bi koraa.

Bytownite agyapade a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 6-6.5

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono-kɔla, ahabammono a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Triclinic

• Luster : Vitreous anaasɛ dull, pearly wɔ cleavages so

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee, ɛntaa mma nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 1.561-1.583

• Nnipa dodow : 2.72-2.75

• Cleavage : Ɛyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ wɔ [001], Eye/da nsow wɔ [010] & [110] so.

• Fracture : Conchoidal anaasɛ ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nkyekyɛm abien : 0.007-0.011

• Apete : 0.012 (mmerɛw) .

• Optical phenomena : Ɛtɔ mmere bi a labradorescence, ɛntaa nsi aventurescence

Mfonini no fi: John Sobolewski, CC-BY-SA-3.0

Bytownite Abakɔsɛm

Oduruyɛfo Andrew Fernando Holmes — Spain-Canadani oduruyɛfo, nnuruyɛfo, afifide ho ɔbenfo, ne aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo — dii kan huu bytownite a ɛbɛn Bytown (mprempren Ottawa) wɔ Canada.

Ɔde nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ ahabammono no kɔmaa ne yɔnko dwumayɛni, Scotlandni nnuruyɛfo ne aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Oduruyɛfo Thomas Thomson, a otintim ɔbo no ho nkyerɛkyerɛmu a edi kan wɔ 1836 mu . Wɔ ne nkyerɛkyerɛmu mu no, Thomson too ɔbo no din “bytownite” wɔ mpɔtam a Holmes huu no no din.

Wonim Thomson nso sɛ ɔmaa element silicon din wɔ 1817 mu na ohuu zeolite mineral thomsonite wɔ 1820 mu, a wɔde ne din too so.

Austriani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Gustav Tschermak a odii kan de nsusuwii a ɛne sɛ plagioclase feldspars yɛ albite ne anorthite afrafra wɔ 1864 mu no kɔe no de “bytownite” dii dwuma maa feldspar biara a ɛwɔ labradorite ne anorthite ntam.

Nanso, wɔ 1863 mu no, Amerikani asase ho nimdefo ne nnuruyɛfo Thomas Sterry Hunt tintim nhwehwɛmu a ɔyɛe wɔ mfitiase nneɛma no ho sɛ “bytownite-anorthosite,” anorthosite ahorow bi. Ná nhwehwɛmu yi wɔ Geological Survey of Canada: Report of Progress from its Commencement to 1863 a ɛho hia a ekura nkratafa 983 no mu.

Wɔ 1893 mu no, Germanni asase ho ɔbenfo Ferdinand Zirkel sii so dua sɛ mfitiase nneɛma no yɛ afrafra ankasa.

Wɔ 1915 mu no, Geological Survey of Canada’s Memoir 57 tintim aban foforo a ɛfa mfitiase bytownite nneɛma no ho sɛ ɛyɛ afrafrade a bytownite, anorthosite, spinel , ne chondrodite .

Nea ɛyɛ awerɛhow no, wontumi nhu mfitiase beae a bytownite wɔ no bio, na ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wobehu mfitiase nhwɛsode ahorow no, wɔ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano mpo mu.

Bytownite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛsa yare , nea bytownite kyerɛ no da aboɔden abo kɔkɔɔ afoforo de adi wɔ adebɔ, anigye, ne nkonimdi a wɔhyɛ ho nkuran no mu. Bytownite ahwehwɛ nso yɛ adwuma sɛ owia plexus chakra abo .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wɔka sɛ bytownite metaphysical properties no boa wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Wedeɛ

• Yafunu

• Akisikuru a ɛwɔ akyi

• Asaabo a ɛma obi nya asaabo

• Nkwammoaa mu nneɛma a ɛsakra

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, wogye di sɛ bytownite boa wo ma wode w’ahoɔden di dwuma nanso ɛsan nso di w’ahoɔden so, ɛma ahotoso ne wo ho awerɛhyem yɛ kɛse bere a ɛma nyansa ne adwene mu da hɔ sɛnea ɛbɛyɛ a worenbɔ wo ho ban anaasɛ worenpae, sɛ yɛbɛka a.

Crystal ayaresafo kamfo bytownite kyerɛ sɛ wɔmfa nhyɛ abusuabɔ mu den, efisɛ wɔka sɛ ɛde ogyaframa foforo ne abusuabɔ a ɛbɛn a ɛbɛn ahokafo nyinaa ba.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Bytownite Aboɔden Aboɔ Agyapadeɛ

Sɛ nea ɛho yɛ na da nkyɛn a, wogyina kɔla, sɛnea wɔatwitwa, sɛnea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne emu duru so bu bytownite aboɔden abo sɛ ɛsom bo.

Ahosuo

Kɔla bɛn na bytownite yɛ? Bere a mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo no yɛ nea enni kɔla, fitaa, anaa fitaa no, mpɛn pii no, aboɔden abo no yɛ kɔla kɛse a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ, ahabammono-kɔla, anaa kɔkɔɔ-biribiri.

Wohui sɛ Oregon owia abo ahorow bi a wɔntaa nhu (owia abo ahorow a ɛwɔ aventurescence a efi kɔbere a wɔde ka ho mmom sen hematite anaa goethite) a efi Ethiopia no wɔ nneɛma a wɔahyehyɛ wɔ labradorite-bytownite hye so.

Nhwehwɛmu a Gemological Institute of America (GIA) yɛe wɔ afe 2009 mu kyerɛe sɛ ɔhyew a wɔde sa yare no dan Oregon labradorites binom yɛɛ bytownite.

Bio nso, na aguadi din “nyankontɔn ɔsram abo” no fa bytownites a wonni kɔla a wofi India a na wɔwɔ labradorescence na wonni ilmenite a ɛyɛ sum a wɔtaa de ka ho a wohu wɔ labradorite mu a wofi mmeae afoforo no ho.

Twa

Esiane sɛ bytownite nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo ho yɛ na nti, saa ara na bytownites a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na , na ɛma ɛsom bo kɛse.

Bytownites a wɔn ani da hɔ yiye, ebia wɔ owia abo anaa nyankontɔn ɔsram abo ahorow mu no taa bɛyɛ cabochons . Wɔtɔn bytownite nhwɛso dodow no ara a ɛnyɛ den (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Nsɛm a emu da hɔ kyerɛkyerɛ sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu a ɛka ɔbo bi ho, a ebetumi aka sɛnea ɛda adi pefee ne ne bo wɔ ɔkwan a enye so. Nneɛma kakraa bi a wɔde ka ho ne nea ɛda adi kɛse (a ɛntaa nsi wɔ bytownite mu) ma ɔbo no som bo kɛse.

Nanso, ebia bytownite a ɔwɔ afã horow no da so ara som bo sɛ wɔde nneɛma ka ho mpo a. Nea ebetumi aka ho ne nsu a ɛte sɛ ntakra ne ahwehwɛ .

Wɔahu Bytownite nso sɛ nea ɛka Morocco agate ne Montana safir abo ho.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Bytownite ahwehwɛ ne nhwɛsode ahorow betumi ayɛ akɛse, nanso aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow a ɛboro carat 10 ho yɛ na.

Mfonini no fi: Dave Dyet, Ɔmanfo de

Bytownite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Bytownite aboɔden abo no ba wɔ abotan ahorow mu, a abotan a ɛyɛ meteorites ka ho.

Mpɛn pii no, wohu wɔ abotan a ogya wom mu, titiriw plutonic te sɛ bytownite olivine-gabbro ne bytownite-troctolite anaa ogya bepɔw mu de te sɛ basalt a manganese pii wom. Mpɛn pii no, olivine ne pyroxene nso wɔ abotan yi mu.

Wɔntaa nhu abotan no wɔ abotan a ɛsakrasakra mu.

Wɔ asase ho nsɛm mu no, ɛhe na wohu bytownite?

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Bytownite nhwɛsode ahorow dɔɔso, nanso nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo no sua. Kurow no mufo a wɔyɛ aboɔden abo a eye sen biara no fi Mexico ne Oregon (U.S.A.). Arizona ne New Mexico, U.S.A., nso ayɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ anim.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛho hia a wobetumi anya afi kurow no mufo a wɔn ho yɛ fɛ no bi ne:

• Australia

• Canada

• Japan

• Norway

• South Africa

• Sri Lanka na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Sweden

• U.S.A. (Minnesota, Montana, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin) Ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so, na ɔde ne nsa kyerɛɛ ne so bio.

• UK (England, Scotland) .

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Bytownite Boɔ & Boɔ a Ɛsom

Nea edi kan no, ma yɛnhwɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow.

Bytownite bo a wɔbɔ wɔ carat biako ho bere a wɔayɛ no faceted no taa fi bɛyɛ $20 kosi $40 wɔ carat biara ho, anaasɛ bɛyɛ $50 kosi $300 biara, ɛwom sɛ nea ɛsõ titiriw no betumi ayɛ nea ɛboro $1,300 biara de.

Nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no sua koraa, na efi ase bɛyɛ dɔla 0.25 wɔ carat biara mu. Bytownite nhwiren nhama bɛyɛ dɔla 0.80 kosi 2 wɔ carat biara mu anaasɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 170 kosi 220 wɔ nhama biara mu.

Abo a wɔahwe ase no mu biara yɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 5. Mpɛn pii no, bytownite cabochons a ɛyɛ hann anaa “owia abo” no bɛyɛ dɔla 20 kosi 40.

Bytownite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

For gemstone care , bytownite yɛ den kakra nanso ɛwɔ mpaapaemu a edi mũ, enti ɛsɛ sɛ agude biara (titiriw nkaa) nya nhyehyɛe a ɛbɔ ho ban .

Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw tew kurow no mufo nkutoo ho. Kwati mfiri a wɔde siesie nneɛma.

Fa Bytownite Ma W’asetra Hyerɛn!

Bytownite yɛ feldspar a wonnim no kɛse, nanso ne kɔla kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ fɛ no yɛ nea anigye ahyɛ mu ma. Ɛwom sɛ ebia faceted bytownites ho yɛ na sen feldspars afoforo de, nanso nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ mmerɛw pii wɔ hɔ a ne bo yɛ den a ɛbɛma saa ahwehwɛ yi hyerɛn aba w’asetra mu.

Kɔtɔ bytownite aboɔden abo nnɛ!