Brookite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Brookite yɛ dade aboɔden abo a wɔtaa hu wɔ bruu ahorow te sɛ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri anaa kɔkɔɔ-biribiri. Aboɔden abo no ne rutile ne anatase wɔ abusuabɔ kɛse.

So brokite ho yɛ na anaasɛ ɛtaa ba? Brookite sɛ mineral nyɛ super rare, nanso crystals a ɛfata sɛ ɛbɛyɛ aboɔden abo no ho yɛ na koraa. Mpɛn pii no, wubehu aboɔden abo a wɔatwitwa a wɔde brookite ayɛ wɔ quartz mu .

Ɛmfa ho sɛ ɛho yɛ na no, brookite wɔ su ahorow bi a ɛyɛ nwonwa sɛ aboɔden abo — ɛkame ayɛ sɛ ne kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn, anaa “ogya” no sõ sen abohene de ɔha biara mu nkyem 200 ! Nea ɛka ho no, ebetumi anya submetallic anaa adamantine (te sɛ diamond) hyerɛn.

Wo ho pere wo sɛ wubesua pii? Kenkan kɔ so na hu brookite agyapade, ne bo, mfaso, ne abakɔsɛm nyinaa!

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Dɛn Ne Brookite Ahwehwɛ?

Brookite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛho yɛ na a ɛsom bo fã bi a wohu wɔ bruu ne bruu a ɛntaa nsi mu.

Monikers afoforo a wɔde frɛ brokite ne:

• Jurinite a ɔyɛ adwuma wɔ hɔ

• Pyromelane a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Acide Titanique a ɛwɔ hɔ

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, brookite wɔ anigye wɔ Kokoram ho sɛnkyerɛnne ho.

Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, dɛn na wɔde brokite di dwuma?

Brookite De Di Dwuma

Wɔmfa Brookite nni dwuma wɔ aguadi mu te sɛ rutile anaa anatase. Ne nyinaa mu no, brookite wɔ mfaso ampa na nyansahufo ayɛ brookite a wɔayɛ de ayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ saa dwumadie yi ho.

Wobetumi de brookite a wɔayɛ no foforo adi dwuma ama:

• Mfonini ahorow

• Nnompe a wɔde hyɛ nipadua mu (nneɛma a wɔde kata so a ɛko tia nnompe ne nea ɛne abɔde a nkwa wom hyia) .

• Nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ wɔ photocatalytic su ahorow ho

Photocatalysis yɛ bere a ade bi tumi twetwe photon bere a wɔde ahyɛ hann mu wɔ nsu ase akyi, na ɛkanyan n’ankasa ɛlɛtrɔnik na ɛma ɛlɛtrɔnik no mu paapae nsu no mu ma ɛbɛyɛ hydrogen ne oxygen. Saa agyapade yi wɔ nneɛma a ɛho hia a wɔde di dwuma te sɛ ngo a ahwie agu a wɔhohoro, nsu a wɔde kum mmoawa, ne mframa a wɔde tew ho.

Wobetumi ayɛ aboɔden abo te sɛ brookite ho adwuma ama titanium dioxide a wɔde di dwuma pii, te sɛ:

• Pigment – ​​Mpɛn pii no wɔ paint, toothpastes, ne nnuan mu

• Thin-Film Deposition – Reflective coating ma dielectric ahwehwɛ anaa ahoɔfɛ aboɔden abo te sɛ mystic topaz

• Sunscreen – UV-hann a ɛtwetwe denneennen & ɛko tia kɔla a ɛsakra wɔ UV-hann ase; Mpɛn pii no, wɔde ka zinc oxide ho

• Ceramic Glazes – Ɛma ɛyɛ opaque na ɛboa crystallization bere a onwini

• Cosmetics – Ngo ne nsu a wɔde petepete

Sɛ yɛsan kɔ brokite so a, ɛyɛ bere a ɛsɛ sɛ yɛkɔ ne mineral su ahorow so.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Brookite ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ abien a ɛhyɛn wɔn ho wɔn ho mu a quartz a ɛwɔ awiei mmɔho abien wɔ ɔfã biako | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Brookite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ abiɛsa no mu biako — anaa anan, a egyina nea wubisa no so — mineral ahorow a ɛwɔ titanium dioxide mu no, brookite no nsusuwii ne TiO2. Mmienu a aka no ne rutile ne anatase , a yɛde bɛtoto brokite ho wɔ ɔfã a edi hɔ no mu. Nea ɛto so anan a ebetumi aba ne monoclinic akaogiite.

Efĩ a ɛtaa ba brookite aboɔden abo mu no bi ne dade, tantalum, ne niobium.

Brookite yɛ ahwehwɛ nkutoo nanso ɛwɔ nsusuwii ahorow: tabular, prismatic, pyramidal, ne pseudo-hexagonal. Pii yɛ tenten a nsensanee atenten wɔ so.

Nneɛma bi a ɛda nsow ne brookite refractive index a ɛkorɔn yiye (a ɛboro anohyeto so wɔ refractometer so) ne dispersion — abien no nyinaa korɔn sen diamond.

Brookite agyapade ahorow a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 5.5-6

• Kɔla : Bruu, kɔkɔɔ a emu dɔ, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, kɔkɔɔ-biribiri, tuntum, ɛntaa nyɛ bruu; Hourglass-shaped kɔla zoning a ebetumi aba wɔ bruu ahwehwɛ mu

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Ɛwɔ dade ase, ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ ase, ɛwɔ ahwehwɛ, sub-adamantine, adamantine

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma nneɛma yɛ mmerɛw : 2.583-2.740

• Nnipa dodow : 4.08-4.18

• Cleavage : Ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi/ohiani wɔ {120} so, wɔ traces mu wɔ {001} so.

• Fracture : Subconchoidal anaasɛ ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ/ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Fitaa, fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa, anaa fitaa a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ

• Pleochroism : Ɛwɔ hɔ mprempren; Ɛyɛ mmerɛw yiye kosi nea ɛyɛ den wɔ kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi borɔdɔma anaa sika kɔkɔɔ-biribiri

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.117-0.157

• Apete : 0.131 (ɛyɛ den yiye) .

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Quartz ahwehwɛ a wɔde dwetɛ rutile nnade ne brookite nhama kɔkɔɔ ayɛ | Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Nsonsonoe a Ɛda Anatase, Rutile, ne Brookite Ntam

Afei ma yɛnhwɛ sɛnea wɔde brookite su toto anatase ne rutile ho:

• Nea ɛntaa nsi : Anatase - Nea ɛntaa nsi; Brookite - Nea ɛntaa nsi; Rutile - Most Common (a aboɔden abo ka ho) .

• Ahwehwɛ Nhyehyɛe : Brookite - Orthorhombic; Rutile & Anatase - Ɛyɛ ahinanan

• Aniwa Su : Brookite - Biaxial; Rutile - Uniaxial (mpɛn pii no); Anatase - Biaxial anaase Uniaxial

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : Brookite & Anatase - 5.5 kosi 6; Rutile - 6 kosi 6.5

• Apete : Brookite a ɛba fam sen biara - 0.131; Anatase a Ɛkorɔn - 0.214 (0), 0.259 (e); Rutile a Ɛkorɔn sen biara - 0.280-0.330

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : Anatase - 3.79-3.97; Brookite - 4.08-4.18 na ɛwɔ hɔ; Rutile - 4.20-4.30 (tantalum-a ɛyɛ 5.60) .

• Nneɛma a ɛwɔ afã abien : Anatase - 0.046-0.073; Brookite - 0.117-0.157 na ɛwɔ hɔ; Rutile - 0.287 na ɛwɔ hɔ

Brookite ahorow ahorow

Brookite ahorow a ɛho hia a ɛsɛ sɛ wuhu ne:

Arkansite a ɛwɔ hɔ

Arkansite yɛ brookite a ɛyɛ tuntum a ɛnyɛ hann a wɔtoo din esiane nea wohuu wɔ Arkansas, U.S.A., nti. Saa ahwehwɛ tuntum a ɛyɛ nnam a ɛte sɛ bipyramidal yi fi dade ne niobium a wɔde si titanium ananmu no mu.

Wɔahu saa brookite ahorow yi nso wɔ Siberia, Russia.

Platinum Quartz a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

“Platinum quartz,” anaa ɛtɔ mmere bi a “dragonflies wɔ quartz mu,” yɛ aguadi din kɛse sen ahorow ahorow. Ɛkyerɛ quartz ahwehwɛ (a ne fã kɛse no ara fi Brazil) a brookite nhama ne rutile a ɛte sɛ nnade a ɛte sɛ nkoekoemmoa a ɛka ho wom.

Saa ɔbo yi yɛ soronko wɔ “platinum aura quartz,” quartz ɔbo a wɔde diffusion ayɛ a ɛte sɛ ahintasɛm quartz . (Hyɛ no nsow: Platinum nni emu biara mu).

Sɛ yɛreka ahintasɛm mu nneɛma ho asɛm a, momma yɛnhwɛ brookite metaphysical su ahorow no akyi.

Brookite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Wɔ metaphysics mu no, brookite yɛ honhom mu ɔsoro, ahemman a ɛkorɔn, ne mfiase foforo ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ebinom de brookite ahwehwɛ bata mantra a ɛne “eyi nso bɛtwam,” a egyina hɔ ma nokwasɛm a efi awosu mu nanso ɛtaa ma ahotɔ a ɛne sɛ biribiara nni asetra mu a ɛtra hɔ daa no ho.

Abakɔsɛm

Wodii kan huu Brookite wɔ Wales, UK, bɛyɛ afe 1809. Ná brookite ahwehwɛ a efi saa beae yi yɛ nea ɛda adi kosi nea ɛyɛ hann, kɔkɔɔ kosi bruu, na na nsensanee atenten wɔ so.

Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Armand Lévy too aboɔden abo no din “brookite” wɔ 1825 mu de hyɛɛ Engiresini ntama aguadifo ne ahwehwɛ ho nimdefo Henry James Brooke anuonyam.

Nea Brooke de mae wɔ afuw no mu no bi ne sɛ ohui sɛ aboɔden abo 12, a nea ɛka ho ne arfvedsonite , thomsonite , ne annabergite, ne nea ɔne no kyerɛw Elementary Introduction to Mineralogy wɔ 1852 mu.

Ɛwom sɛ wɔahu brookite ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara no bi wɔ Snowdonia (Wales) de, nanso wobetumi aka sɛ nhwɛsode a eye sen saa mpo puei wɔ 1900 mfe no awiei wɔ France ne Switzerland Alps mmepɔw so. Pakistan nneɛma a wɔde asie no puei wɔ afe 2004 mu, na ɛyɛɛ nhwɛsode a eye sen biara fi saa bere no bi.

Amerikani aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Charles Upham Shepard huu arkansite wɔ 1846. Shepard susuwii sɛ ɛyɛ aboɔden abo foforo, nanso Welshni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo William Hallowes Miller bɔɔ amanneɛ wɔ 1849 mu sɛ arkansite ne brookite yɛ pɛ.

Ne nyinaa mu no, A. A. Konev, E. I. Vorobyev, ne K. A. Lazebnik huu arkansite nhwɛsode pii wɔ Russia wɔ 1996 mu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Quartz crystal a brokite ka ho | Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Brookite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛsa yare a ɛyɛ bruu titiriw no , brookite wɔ tumi a ɛma fam, ɛkari pɛ, na ɛma ɛyɛ den a ɛwɔ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ bruu mu . Wɔ ahoɔden ayaresa mu no, brookite ahwehwɛ yɛ ntini chakra abo akɛse .

Dɛn na brokite ye ma honam fam?

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔkyerɛ sɛ wɔ honam fam no, brokite boa wɔ nsɛm a ɛfa:

• Anisoadehunu

• Amemene no mu amemene no fã a ɛkari pɛ

• Nneɛma a ɛkyinkyini

• Ahoɔden a ɛba fam

• Awo a wontumi nwo

• Electromagnetic mframa a ɛma anyinam ahoɔden

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Wɔ nkate fam no, brookite ahwehwɛ so ba wɔn a wɔrepere sɛ wɔde wɔn adwene besi biribi so anaasɛ wɔbɛkɔ wɔn anim no so mfaso. Ebetumi aboa wo ma woaba hɔ mprempren na woadi nsakrae a emu yɛ den wɔ asetra mu ho dwuma.

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Brookite Aboɔden Aboɔ Agyapadeɛ

Sɛ ɛho yɛ na da nkyɛn a, brookite aboɔden abo bo gyina kɔla, nea wɔatwa, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne carat mu duru so.

Ahosuo

Brown kɔla abu so wɔ brookite mu, enti kɔla bruu a wɔntaa nhu no betumi ayɛ nea ɛsom bo kɛse. Kɔla ahorow a ɛhyerɛn (te sɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛte sɛ garnet a emu dɔ) betumi ama nneɛma bo akɔ soro, efisɛ brookite dodow no ara yɛ tuntum yiye, na ɛkata wɔn apete so.

Twa

Esiane sɛ brookite ahwehwɛ dodow no ara ntumi ntwitwa nti, abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na na ɛsom bo, titiriw sɛ wɔma apete ne hyerɛn a emu yɛ den no yɛ nea eye sen biara a.

Wobetumi atwitwa Brookite sɛ cabochons , nanso ɛda adi sɛ wubehu brookite wɔ quartz aboɔden abo mu. Wɔtɔn brookite ahwehwɛ pii a wɔantwitwa.

Nneɛma a wɔyɛ no pefee

Mpɛn pii no, Brookite ahwehwɛ no yɛ nea ɛda adi wɔ asinasin nketenkete nkutoo mu, na kɔla tuntum betumi ama ayɛ te sɛ nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi. Nhumu a ɛkorɔn bɛma mfaso kɛse aba.

Sɛ́ nea wɔde ka quartz ho no, brookite betumi ama quartz bo akɔ soro, titiriw wɔ quartze a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a brookite a ɛka ho a ɛka bom wom no mu.

Carat Mu duru

Ɛnyɛ sɛ nea ɛda adi pefee no ho yɛ na nko, na mmom brookite a ɛda adi pefee no wɔ carat 1-2 ase bere nyinaa. Brookite abo akɛse no yɛ nea wontumi nhu.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Brookite a wɔde quartz nhwɛsode ayɛ

Brookite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Brookite yɛ sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛka ho wɔ alpine ntini a ɛwɔ gneiss ne schists abotan mu. Ɛsan nso ba wɔ nsu a ɛyɛ hyew ntini mu, mmeae a ɛne wɔn ho wɔn ho di nkitaho, ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a ogya abotan mu. Wɔtaa hu no sɛ detritus, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛbubuu n’awofo abotan esiane wim tebea nti.

Mpɛn pii no, wɔde quartz kata Brookite so koraa. Ɛsan nso tumi ne rutile bom nyin, nanso brookite bɛsan akɔ rutile nhyehyɛe mu bere a wɔma ɛyɛ hyew sen bɛyɛ 750°C no.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛhe na wohu brookite wɔ wiase? Nneɛma a ɛma wonya brookite a ɛyɛ aboɔden abo kɛse ne Arkansas (U.S.A.), Switzerland, ne Pakistan.

Nneɛma afoforo a ɛho hia a wonya fi mu ne:

• Brazil

• France

• Russia

• Spain

• UK (England & Wales) .

• U.S.A. (California, Maine, Massachusetts, New York, Carolina Atifi fam)

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Tabular brookite crystal | Mfonini no fi: Amgueddfa Cymru, Flickr , CC-BY-SA-2.0

Brookite Bo & Bo a Ɛsom

Brookite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no fi bɛyɛ dɔla 20 kosi dɔla 450 wɔ carat biara mu. Quartz abo a brokite ka ho no bɛyɛ dɔla 10 wɔ carat biara mu bere a wɔde faceted ayɛ no.

Brookite a ɛwɔ quartz cabochons mu no bo yɛ den kɛse mpo, mpɛn pii no bɛyɛ dɔla 3 wɔ carat biara mu.

Crystal nhwɛsode ahorow betumi ayɛ nea ɛtrɛw kɛse. Quartz ahwehwɛ a brokite ka ho no fi ase bɛyɛ dɔla 10 na ebetumi adu dɔla 1,850. Mpɛn pii no, brookite ahwehwɛ kɔkɔɔ a emu dɔ yɛ nea ne bo yɛ den sen biara, na efi dɔla 17 kosi dɔla 3,000.

Brookite Ɔhwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Ansa na yɛbɛwie no, wobɛpɛ sɛ wuhu aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so yiye .

Bere a brookite tumi hyɛ kɛse sen anatase anaa rutile no, ɛda so ara wɔ mfinimfini denden. Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wobɔ brookite ho agoru da biara a, yɛkamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa brookite a ɛwɔ quartz bracelet anaa brookite agude a ɛwɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛbɔ wo ho ban mu .

Fa samina a ɛnyɛ den, nsu a ɛyɛ hyew, ne brɔs a ɛyɛ mmerɛw hohoro brookite abo no ho. Mfa mfiri nhyehyɛe te sɛ steam anaa ultrasonic cleaners nni dwuma.

Fa ɔbo no sie baabi a ɛda nsow wɔ aboɔden abo afoforo ho na amma ansɛe.

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ: Brookite nhama abiɛsa a ɛwɔ mu zoning a ɛte sɛ dɔnhwerew a ɛwɔ matrix a quartz a emu da hɔ| Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Woakɔ Brookite Crystals ho akɔnnɔ?

Ebia Brookite aboɔden abo ho yɛ na, nanso asinasin a ɛyɛ fɛ pii wɔ hɔ a ne bo yɛ den. Nea ɛka ho no, faceted brookite yɛ ade a ɛsɛ sɛ wonya ma nneɛma biara a wɔaboaboa ano.

Sɛ wohaw wo ho sɛ wobɛhyɛ anaasɛ wubenya brookite agude a w’ani gye ho ara kwa a, wubetumi apaw quartz fɛfɛ bi a brookite ka ho bere nyinaa!

Kɔtɔ brokite aboɔden abo nnɛ!