Biotite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Biotite yɛ mica mineral a wonim no sɛ ɛyɛ abotan a emerald ne aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛsom bo wom no fã . Nanso so biotite yɛ aboɔden abo? Ɛno gyina onii a wubebisa no so, efisɛ ebinom bɛka sɛ ɛnyɛ ankorankoro ɔbo koraa.

Amanaman Ntam Aboɔdenfo Fekuw (IMA), kuw bi a wobu wɔn a wɔayɛ adwuma de ayɛ aboɔden abo din a ɛfata no, bere bi na wobu biotite sɛ aboɔden abo biako.

Ɛno sesae bere a IMA de too gua sɛ biotite yɛ aboɔden abo kuw (ɛnyɛ mmoa ahorow) wɔ 1998. Enti, wɔ aboɔden abo ho animdefo pii fam no, mmuae a wɔde ma mpo sɛ “ So biotite yɛ ahwehwɛ? ” no yɛ mfiridwuma mu dabi.

Ɛha yi, yɛbɛda so ara abu biotite sɛ ɔbo ankorankoro, ɛwom sɛ yɛbɛbubu mineral kuw no nso de.

Afei, so biotite ho yɛ na anaasɛ abu so? Biotite yɛ mica minerals a abu so no mu biako, ne muscovite. Abotan pii a ɛtaa ba a ebia wubehu a ɛhyerɛn a ɛhyerɛn no kura biotite.

Ɛnnɛ, yɛbɛka biotite aboɔden abo no ho asɛm nyinaa akyerɛ wo, efi ne mineral ahoɔden so kosi n’ayaresa mfaso ne ne bo so.

Biotite Ɔbo ho asɛm

Biotite yɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ tumm na ɛhyerɛn a ɛwɔ din pii. Abodin a wɔtaa de frɛ no ne “mica tuntum” ne “dade mica, ɛwom sɛ wɔde “dade mica” nso di dwuma ma biotite abo a dade wom ne hematite bi a ɛyɛ mmerɛw de . Biotite din afoforo ne:

• Mica a ɛyɛ tumm

• Biopyribole a wɔde yɛ aduru

• Katzengold na ɔkyerɛwee

• Meroxen / Meroxen a wɔde yɛ nneɛma

• Odenite / Oderite / Oditefoɔ

Ɔbo no yɛ ade titiriw ma abotan pii, titiriw schists a aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo a wɔfrɛ no emerald wom.

Wɔ nsoromma mu hwɛ mu no, biotite yɛ nsoromma mu hwɛ bo ma Scorpio anaa Aquarius na ɛne akontaahyɛde 4 a ɛwɔ akontaabu mu no hyia.

Mfiridwuma mu biotite a wɔde di dwuma atitiriw bi wɔ hɔ wɔ aboɔden abo ne nsoromma mu hwɛ ahemman no akyi.

Dɛn na Wɔde Biotite Di Dwuma?

Biotite a wɔde di dwuma titiriw ne abotan a ayɛ dedaw mu . Nyansahufo de biotite di dwuma de hu mfe a ɔbotan bi adi a ɛba fam koraa ne ɔhyew mu nsakrae a ɛkɔɔ mu, ne nyinaa denam potassium-argon anaa argon-argon bere a wɔde kyerɛe so.

Bio nso, biotite ntumi nsɛe esiane nsu, anyinam ahoɔden, ɔhyew, anaa hann nti, na ɛma ne bo yɛ kɛse wɔ mfiridwuma mu.

Te sɛ mica nyinaa no, ɛnyɛ den sɛ wobetumi ayam biotite. Wobetumi de biotite a wɔayam aka ho:

• Paint — trɛw nkwa tenten na ɛma nsu-resistant coating

• Rubber & plastic — ɛma ahoɔden a ɛtra hɔ kyɛ no kɔ soro & ɛma ɛka a wɔbɔ wɔ nneɛma a wɔyɛ ho no so tew

• Drywall & gypsum board — ɛma ɔhyew no siw ano

• Kar paint — de pearlescent sheen ka ho

• Electronics — insulates ɔhyew ne anyinam ahoɔden

• Drilling fluid — siw nsu a ɛyera fi abo a ɛwɔ porous mu no ano

Biotite yɛ ade a wɔtaa de kata tar krataa, ɔdan atifi a wɔabobɔw, ne asphalt shingles so a nsu ntumi nkɔ mu.

Crystal no birefringence nso yɛ nea mfaso wɔ so ma asorɔkye mprɛte, afiri a wɔde hu mineral a wɔde ani hu denam hann asorɔkye polarization a wɔsakra so.

Sɛ yɛreka nneɛma te sɛ birefringence ho asɛm a, dɛn ne biotite su ahorow?

Biotite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ phyllosilicate a ɛyɛ potassium, magnesium, dade, aluminium, ne hydroxide no, biotite nhyehyɛe no bɛyɛ K(Mg,Fe)3AlSi3O10(F,OH)2.

Biotite mineral kuw no yɛ kuw ketewaa bi a ɛwɔ mica abusua no mu. Wɔsan frɛ no biotite-phlogopite ntoatoaso. Kuw no mufo phlogopite ne annite yɛ ntoatoaso, na annite wɔ ɔfã a dade na ɛdɔɔso na phlogopite wɔ ɔfã a magnesium na ɛdɔɔso no. Nneɛma a ɛwɔ emu a aluminium pii wom no bi ne eastonite ne siderophyllite.

Aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ biotite kuw no mu yɛ phyllosilicates a potassium pii wom a wɔde nkratafa a wɔakyekyere no mmerɛw na ɛyɛe. Biotite betumi ayɛ kɛse anaasɛ ɛyɛ platy (a wɔde nkratafa a ɛyɛ tratraa ahyɛ so). Wɔfrɛ nkratafa a wɔaboaboa ano “nhoma.”

Ɛwom sɛ wɔahu ahwehwɛ a ɛyɛ ma bi de, nanso wohu biotite dodow no ara sɛ nsensanee nketenkete wɔ abotan mu, na ebetumi ama ayɛ nea ɛhyerɛn.

Biotite mineral ahorow a aka no wɔ ase ha:

• Aboɔden abo abusua : Mica

• Mohs denden : 2.5-3

• Kɔla : Mpɛn pii no, ɛyɛ tuntum; Greenish-brown, bruu tuntum, tuntum-brown, ahabammono tuntum, kɔkɔɔ

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Monoclinic

• Luster : Vitreous (ahwehwɛ) kosi ahwehwɛ

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : .

• Nneɛma a ɛyɛ den : 2.7-3.3

• Cleavage : Basal a ɛyɛ pɛ wɔ [001] so.

• Fracture : Ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ

• Streak : Ɛyɛ fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa, ɛyɛ fitaa, anaa fitaa

• Luminescence : Biara nni hɔ?

• Pleochroism : Ɛwɔ hɔ, ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛyɛ den wɔ kɔla a enni mu kosi bruu anaa bruu kosi kɔkɔɔ-biribiri kosi ahabammono-biribiri

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.03-0.07

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Emerald a ɛwɔ biotite nhwɛsode mu

Biotite a Ɛwɔ Aboɔden abo Afoforo Mu

Mpɛn pii no, wonhu biotite sɛ ɔbo ankorankoro, na mmom ɛbata (sɛ matrix) anaasɛ mu (sɛ nea ɛka ho) aboɔden abo afoforo.

Nea ɛda nsow kɛse no, biotite ahwehwɛ wɔ hɔ sɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka emerald ho . Saa nneɛma a wɔde ka ho yi taa da adi sɛ nsensanee tuntum nketenkete. Eyi taa ba emerald a enyin wɔ biotite schists so, titiriw wɔ emerald a efi Ethiopia ne Australia mu .

Aboɔden abo foforo a ɛda nsow a ebia biotite ka ho ne safir . Wonim Sri Lanka ne Tanzania safir sɛ biotite a ɛyɛ asinasin anaa ahwehwɛ na ɛwɔ mu.

Aboɔden abo afoforo a agye din a ebia wubehu a wɔde biotite ka ho ne:

• Alexandrite na ɔkyerɛwee

• Almandine Garnet na ɔkyerɛwee

• Nsu mu nsu mu aduru

• Nepheline na ɔkyerɛwee

• Peridot na ɔkyerɛwee

Wɔ dade ho no, so wohu sika kɔkɔɔ wɔ biotite mu? Sort of na ɛtɔ mmere bi a.

Sɛ biotite ayɛ wie a, ebetumi asesa ayɛ chlorite ne muscovite. Saa nsakrae ne adeyɛ a ɛkɔ so yi betumi ama wɔanya sika kɔkɔɔ a ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa sɛ ade a ɛka ho.

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Biotite Nkyerɛase & Abakɔsɛm

Biotite yɛ ne ho a ɔde susuw nneɛma ho, ahobammɔ, ne sɛnea obi tumi sesa ne ho ho sɛnkyerɛnne. Ahwehwɛ no ne mframa mu ade no hyia, na ɛkanyan adwene mu pefeeyɛ ne nkate mu kari pɛ. Biotite nso yɛ okyinnsoromma so nsoromma bo ma Mercury, okyinnsoromma a nkitahodi ne nyansa wɔ no.

Abakɔsɛm

Wɔde mica adi dwuma fi bere a edii abakɔsɛm anim, sɛnea mica a wohuu wɔ abodan mu mfonini ahorow a wɔyɛe wɔ 40,000 kosi 10,000 A.Y.B.

Ɛwom sɛ ɛbɛyɛ sɛ wonim biotite na wɔde di dwuma fi saa mmere no de, nanso ne din amma kosii 1800 mfe no mu. Germanni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Johann Friedrich Ludwig (anaa JFL) Hausmann too aboɔden abo no din “biotite” wɔ 1847 mu.

Hausmann paw edin “biotite” de hyɛɛ Franseni abɔde mu nneɛma ho nimdefo Jean-Baptiste Biot anuonyam. Ná wonim Biot sɛ ɔyɛ nyansahu mu nhwehwɛmu a wagye abasobɔde pii, a nea ɛka ho ne sɛ osuaa mica no aniwa so ade na ohui sɛnea wɔyɛ magnetic field denam anyinam ahoɔden ne waya so.

Sɛnea yɛaka wɔ soro no, aboɔden abo ho animdefo buu biotite sɛ aboɔden abo ankorankoro kosii 1998, bere a IMA de too gua sɛ biotite yɛ aboɔden abo kuw mmom no. Nanso, mineralogists da so ara de “biotite” di dwuma bere a wɔreka micas biara a ne kɔla tuntum a wobehu nanso wonnya nhwehwɛɛ mu ho asɛm no.

Biotite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Biotite kɔla ne ahoɔden a ɛwɔ mu no ma no tumi sɛ ɔbo a ɛsa yare . Mica tuntum, te sɛ aboɔden abo tuntum afoforo , fi awosu mu ma ahoɔden a ɛbɔ ho ban na ɛma fam. Saa bere yi nyinaa, mica a ɛyɛ bruu no ka aboɔden abo afoforo a ɛyɛ bruu ho ma ɛma ɛyɛ den na ɛtumi gyina ano.

Ahwehwɛ tuntum ne bruu nyinaa yɛ chakra abo ma ntini (anaasɛ nnyinaso) chakra. Sɛ biotite bue saa chakra yi a, ɛde fapem a ahobammɔ wom brɛ wo ma onyin.

Na biotite crystal mfaso a ɛwɔ nipadua ne nkate fam ayaresa so nso ɛ?

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Ahwehwɛ ayaresafo de biotite di dwuma de bɔ anyinam ahoɔden mframa ho ban, na wɔtaa kamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa ahwehwɛ no to wo kɔmputa no nkyɛn .

So wunim sɛ aboɔden abo di dwuma titiriw wɔ nnuru a wɔde si ananmu ne nnɛyi aduruyɛ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so nyinaa mu? Biotite yɛ nhwɛso a edi mũ, efisɛ aduannuru a yehia te sɛ magnesium, potassium, ne zinc, ne iron wɔ mu.

Wɔ Ayurveda nnuruyɛ mu no, wɔbubu biotite ma Abhrak Bhasma , aduru a wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ ayaresa ahorow mu, a ɔhome ne . Aboɔden abo no abu so kɛse nso wɔ Asia Kesee Fam Siddha ne Rasashastra nnuru mu.

Wɔ aduruyɛ a wɔde di dwuma wɔ amanne kwan so mu no, nyansahufo asiesie Abhrak denam ɔhyew, onwini a wɔde ma ntɛmntɛm, ne biotite a wɔde afrafra nneɛma afoforo a wɔhyew so. Nhwehwɛmu ada no adi sɛ aduru a efi mu ba no kunkum nwansena a wɔsɛe nnɔbae ne mmoawa nketenkete (kyerɛ sɛ mmoawa, mmoawa), ne glucose a ɛtwetwe brɛoo wɔ wɔn a wɔwɔ asikreyare mu, sɛ nhwɛso no.

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Nkate fam mfaso pii a wɔkyerɛ sɛ ɛwɔ biotite so no bata ne honam fam nneɛma ho. Sɛ nhwɛso no, biotite hyerɛn a ɛhyerɛn no da (pun intended) ɔkwan a ɛfa so hyɛ wɔn ho mu nhwehwɛmu ho nkuran no adi. Saa ara na wɔkyerɛ nso sɛ ɔbo no trɛw w’adwene mu, na ɛma wiase no mu nokware ahorow a ahintaw no mu da hɔ.

Wogye di sɛ Biotite pintinnyɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ma wotumi sesa afoforo na wonya ayamhyehye ma afoforo, titiriw bere a w’abam abu wɔ nhyehyɛe ahorow a ɛresakra ho no. Nea etwa to no, ahwehwɛ no su a ɛma ɛbɔ ho ban no betumi abɔ obi ho ban afi nneɛma bɔne ho.

So biotite som bo sen ahwehwɛ ayaresa? Ɛyɛ dɛn ara! Botae pɔtee a ɛwɔ nhwɛsode biara so no gyina ne bo a ɛsom (a wɔfrɛ no aboɔden abo su ahorow) so.

Mfonini no fi: Fred Kruijen | Creative Commons Attribution-Kyɛ Nneɛma a Wɔde Di Dwuma 3.0 Netherlands tumi krataa

Biotite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Biotite ɔbo ankorankoro bi bo gyina baabi a ɛtɔ wɔ kɔla, nea wɔatwa, nea emu da hɔ, ne ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat so.

Ahosuo

Sɛ woahu mica mineral afoforo pɛn (te sɛ muscovite anaa lepidolite) a, ebia woasua sɛ ɛwɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Enti dɛn nti na biotite yɛ tuntum anaasɛ ɛyɛ tuntum? Ɛsan ba saa “dade mica” abodin no so — yep, biotite kɔla tuntum no fi dade mu.

Nanso, wim tebea a ɛsakra no betumi ama kɔla a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kakra te sɛ kɔkɔɔ. Biotite a ɛwɔ kɔla a ɛyɛ medium-shade no ye ma wohu ɔbo no pleochroism a emu yɛ den.

Twa

Ɛwom sɛ abo a biotite a ɛka ho wom — te sɛ quartz anaa topaz sɛ yɛbɛbobɔ awarefo din — betumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ afã horow de , nanso biotite ankasa yɛ nea ɛyɛ mmerɛw dodo ara kwa sɛ wobetumi ayɛ no afã.

Mmom no, wobetumi atwitwa biotite ayɛ no cabochons , abo a ahwe ase, anaa nhwiren. Wobetumi atɔn nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ fɛ nso wɔ wɔn tebea a ɛnyɛ den a wɔantwitwa mu. Ntama akɛse a wɔde ntama ayɛ no yɛ nea nkurɔfo ani gye ho kakra wɔ nneɛma a wɔde siesie hɔ mu.

Ɛda adi pefee

Nea emu da hɔ susuw sɛnea nneɛma a wotumi hu a wɔde ka aboɔden abo mu no te. Ɛwom sɛ pefeeyɛ ho nhia saa wɔ biotite a ɛnyɛ hann anaasɛ ɛyɛ tuntum nyinaa mu de, nanso ebetumi aka sɛnea nhwɛsode ahorow a ɛyɛ hann, ɛyɛ mmerɛw, anaasɛ ɛyɛ hare kakra no te.

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de ka biotite ho no mu biako ne zircon ; ebia wubehu pleochroic “halos” mpo atwa zircon ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu ho ahyia. Ebia wɔbɛfrɛ biotite a rutile ne ɛtɔ mmere bi a titanite ka ho te sɛ nnade no “sagenitic biotite.”

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Wɔde nneɛma akɛse anaa ahwehwɛ nketewa na etwitwa biotite abo dodow no ara a wɔtɔn wɔ aboɔden abo kurukuruwa no mu. Mprempren biotite ahwehwɛ ankorankoro a ɛsõ sen biara a wɔakyerɛw ato hɔ pɛn no yɛ nkratafa a efi Iveland, Norway, a ne kɛse bɛyɛ anammɔn 75 ahinanan (mita 7 ahinanan).

Sɛ woresusuw sɛnea saa nkratafa akɛse no bae ho a, ɛno na edi hɔ!

Biotite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Biotite nam akwan abien ne nneɛma ahorow so na ɛba, efisɛ nhyɛso ne ɔhyew a ɛwɔ hɔ ma ne hyehyɛ no trɛw yiye.

Mpɛn pii no, abotan a ɛwɔ nsu mu a dɔte pii wom no dannan ne ho bere a wɔasie no akyi, na nsakrae a ɛba wɔ abotan mu no sesa abotan ma ɛbɛyɛ biotite. Aboɔden abo bi a ebetumi adan biotite ne augite, hornblende, ne wernerite.

Dɛn mu na wohu biotite? Wohu biotite wɔ abotan a ɛyɛ ogya ne abotan a ɛsakrasakra pii mu. Ɛte saa efisɛ biotite yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛma abotan, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtaa yɛ ade titiriw wɔ ɔbotan no mu. Abotan a biotite wom ho nhwɛso ahorow bi ne pegmatites, granite, ne rhyolite .

Ebia wubehu ɔbotan bi a ɛyɛ ogya a wɔfrɛ no “ glimmerite ” anaa “ biotitite ” nso a ɛkame ayɛ sɛ biotite anaa phlogopite na ɛwom koraa.

Nneɛma a ɛtaa bata ho ne simpsonite ne chlorite. Wɔtaa hu “mica tuntum” ɔbo no nso wɔ baabi a ɛbɛn muscovite, “mica fitaa” ɔbo no.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Biotite ne muscovite ne mica a ɛtaa ba, enti fibea pii wɔ hɔ. Mpɔtam a ɛwɔ wiase nyinaa no bi ne Québec, Canada, ne U.S. amansin New Jersey ne Pennsylvania.

Biotite fibea afoforo a ɛho hia ne:

• Australia

• China

• Germany

• Italy

• Russia

• Sweden

• U.S.A. (Colorado, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New York, Carolina Atifi fam, Virginia)

Afei, biotite abo bo yɛ ahe?

Mfonini a ɛwɔ atifi hɔ no: Epidote ne biotite nhwɛsode

Biotite Bo & Ne Bo

Nea eye ne sɛ, biotite a ɛdɔɔso no ma ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo nyɛ den. Ebia biotite rough ne nea ne bo yɛ den sen biara; biotite nhwɛsode ahorow a emerald wom mpo kɔ $0.04-$0.60 wɔ carat biara mu wɔ wholesale mu.

Biotite nhama a wɔde nhwiren ayɛ no taa yɛ bɛyɛ dɔla 10 biara. Nkapo a wɔde nhwiren ayɛ a wɔawie no fi ase fi $10 na ɛkɔ soro bɛyɛ $50, gye sɛ dade anaa aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ den ka afã no ho.

Abo a ahwe ase taa fi ase bɛyɛ $5 na ebetumi adu $30 anaa nea ɛboro saa wɔ abo a aboɔden abo a ɛsom bo kɛse wom ho.

Ansa na yɛbɛwie no, momma yɛnka aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so ho asɛm .

Biotite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Akwan a ɛfata a wɔfa so di ho dwuma ho hia na ama woahwɛ wo biotite ne w’ankasa akwahosan so. Mica mfutuma a wobɛhome no yɛ asiane, enti eye sɛ wode nhwɛsode a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (a ebetumi ayɛ mmerɛw) bɛto hɔ. Abo a wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ no mfa asiane kɛse biara mma.

Sɛ wuhyia biotite agude a wɔmfa nhwiren nhyɛ mu a, yɛkamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa nneɛma a ɛbɔ wo ho ban hyehyɛ ɔbo a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ho ban.

Biotite bɛpete wɔ acidic ne basic (alkaline) solutions nyinaa mu, ɛwom sɛ ɛbɛpete ntɛmntɛm wɔ acidic solutions mu de. Sɛ wode nsu gu biotite so a, ebetumi asɛe ɔbo no nso. Abenfo pii kamfo kyerɛ sɛ fa anyinam ahoɔden brɔs a ɛyɛ dry a nwi yɛ mmerɛw siesie ɔbo no.

Hwɛ Beyond ne Biotite!

Sɛ́ ebia woate biotite ho asɛm pɛn anaasɛ wontee no, ɛda adi pefee sɛ saa aboɔden abo yi yɛ anwonwade a ɛyɛ sum na ɛhyerɛn. Ebia ɛnyɛ nea ɛntaa nsi, nanso biotite de mfaso soronko ma wɔ mfiridwuma ne honhom fam nyinaa. Sɛ worehwehwɛ sɛ wubenya wo ho ne wiase no ho adwene kɛse a, sɔ biotite ahwehwɛ hwɛ!

Kɔtɔ biotite aboɔden abo nnɛ!