Anglesite Gemstone: Nneɛma, Nkyerɛase, Botae & Nea Ɛkeka Ho

Anglesite yɛ kɔbere sulfate mineral a ebetumi ayɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ . Wɔ ogya a ɛhyerɛn a ɛne daimond de yɛ pɛ akyi no, anglesite hyerɛn nso betumi ayɛ te sɛ daimond.

Nanso, sɛnea ɔbo no yɛ mmerɛw na kɔbere wom no ma ɛho yɛ na wɔ aboɔden abo mu na ɛnyɛ nea wɔhyɛ kɛse. Sɛnea ɛte no, ɛtaa yɛ aboɔden abo a ɔboaboa ano .

Sɛ yɛhwɛ sɛnea nneɛma no ho yɛ na a, aboɔden abo no abu so koraa, nanso anim a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa. Wonim no yiye wɔ mfiridwuma mu.

Sɛ wopɛ sɛ wuhu sɛnea anglesite de di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma ne aboɔden abo mu, ne ne bo, n’agyapade, ne abakɔsɛm a, kenkan kɔ so!

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Ɛfa Anglesite Ɔbo ho

Anglesite yɛ aboɔden abo a ne bo yɛ fã bi a wɔtaa de sie sɛ wɔmfa nkyerɛ wɔ nneɛma a wɔaboaboa ano mu. Ɛdefa monikers ho no, dɛn ne din foforo a wɔde frɛ anglesite? Kakraa bi wɔ hɔ:

• Kɔbere sulfate / Sulfate a ɛwɔ kɔbere mu

• Kɔbere vitriol a wɔde di dwuma

• Kɔbere a wɔde vitriolic acid ayɛ no mineralized

• Kɔbere a wɔde vitriolic acid ne dade ayɛ no mineralized

(Hyɛ no nsow: “Vitriolic” ne “vitriol” yɛ nsɛmfua dedaw a wɔde gyina hɔ ma sulphuric anaa sulfur .)

Wɔ saa nkyerɛwde no so no, dɛn ne mfaso horow a ɛwɔ anglesite so wɔ mfiridwuma mu?

Anglesite a Wɔde Di Dwuma

Wɔ nneɛma a mfaso wɔ so a wɔde di dwuma no atifi no, anglesite yɛ kɔbere a wɔde yɛ aboɔden abo. Nokwarem no, anglesite ne cerussite ne kɔbere a ɛto so abien a abu so sen biara, ɛwom sɛ kɔbere fibea a ɛwɔ soro ne galena de.

Anglesite mfiridwuma din ne lead(II) sulfate. Wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ ne fitaa a emu yɛ duru a wɔde powder ayɛ mu.

Nneɛma a wɔtaa de kɔbere sulfate di dwuma no bi ne:

• Paint pigments — Wɔtaa de di dwuma wɔ abɔnten afie paint mu efisɛ hann anaa hydrogen sulfide (wɔ mframa a wɔsɛe no mu) nnya so nkɛntɛnso, na ɛboa paint no ma ɛnyɛ sum

• Lead-acid storage (rechargeable) batteries — Wobetumi de anyinam ahoɔden asan ahyɛ mu efisɛ kɔbere no ma adeyɛ a wɔahyɛ so bere a wɔde ahyɛ sulphuric acid mu (ɛma anyinam ahoɔden), na adeyɛ no dan akyi ma battery no san de ahoɔden. Wɔn bo a wotumi tɔ ne tumi ne wɔn mu duru nsusuwii kɛse yɛ mfaso, bere a wɔn nkwa nna tiaa yɛ con.

• Laboratory reagents — Laboratory reagents yɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka lab nhwehwɛmu ho de yɛ anaa wɔhunu nnuru a ɛyɛ adwuma

• Lithography — Wɔde di dwuma sɛ paint drier ne pigment

• Ntama a wɔde mu duru — Wobetumi de aka ntama te sɛ sirikyi ho na ama ayɛ den na emu ayɛ duru

• Varnishes — Wɔde yɛ ngo varnishes a ɛyow ntɛmntɛm

Bio nso, nyansahufo ayɛ anglesite ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ de ayɛ asase ho nhwehwɛmu.

Sɛ yɛreka ho asɛm a, dɛn ne su horow a anglesite wɔ sɛ aboɔden abo?

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Anglesite Nkyerɛkyerɛmu & Su ahorow

Sɛ́ lead sulfate no, anglesite no nsusuwii ne PbSO4. Efĩ a ɛtaa ba ne barium, dwetɛ, ne kɔbere.

Anglesite mineral kuw no ne barite (anaa baryte) kuw no. Afoforo a wɔka ho ne celestite , barite , ne anhydrite (angelite). Barite (barium sulfate) ne anglesite yɛ ntoatoaso.

Anglesite ahwehwɛ taa yɛ nkyerɛwde, ɛwom sɛ ɛtɔ mmere bi a ɛyɛ prismatic de. Anglesite mineral su afoforo bi ne granular, compact, massive, nodular, stalactitic, anaasɛ banded twa galena no fã bi ho hyia. Wɔ mfiridwuma mu no, ɛkame ayɛ sɛ anglesite wɔ ahorow 200 a ɛsono emu biara!

Aboɔden abo no nso betumi ayɛ pseudomorphs wɔ galena akyi, a ebia ɛwɔ pseudo-cubic crystallography.

Anglesite agyapadeɛ a wɔakyerɛw:

• Mohs denden : 2.5-3

• Kɔla : Enni kɔla, fitaa, fitaa, kɔkɔɔ-akuturuku, lemon kɔkɔɔ, sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔla, bruu-akutu, ahabammono, bruu; Ɛntaa nyɛ violet; Ɛtɔ mmere bi a, ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow pii a wɔde fitaa, kɔla nnim, ne kɔkɔɔ zoning

• Ahwehwɛ nhyehyɛe : Orthorhombic

• Luster : Adamantine, resinous, anaa vitreous (ahwehwɛ); Dull anaa asase (masses) .

• Transparency : Ɛyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee kosi nea ɛnyɛ nea ɛda adi pefee

• Nneɛma a ɛma hann yɛ hyew : 1.877-1.895

• Nnipa dodow : 6.30-6.39

• Cleavage : Eye wɔ {001} so, ɛda nsow wɔ {210} so, ɛnyɛ soronko koraa/wɔ traces so wɔ {010} so.

• Akisikuru : Conchoidal

• Streak : Fitaa a ɛyɛ fitaa; Light grey sɛ galena efĩ wɔ hɔ a

• Luminescence : Fluorescence a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a ɛwɔ hɔ - kɔkɔɔ anaa sika kɔkɔɔ-kɔkɔɔ wɔ SW-UV & LW-UV mu

• Pleochroism : Biara nni hɔ

• Nsonsonoe abien : 0.017

• Apete : 0.044 (ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Anglesite Abakɔsɛm

Anglesite nhwɛsode ahorow a edi kan a wɔkyerɛw too hɔ no fi Anglesey Supɔw so wɔ Wales, UK, titiriw wɔ Parys kɔbere a wotu no. Saa mfitiase fibea yi na ɛkanyan wɔn ma wɔtoo din “anglesite,” nanso edin no bae mfe bi akyi.

Ɛwom sɛ ebinom ka sɛ Engiresini afifide ho nimdefo ne asase ho ɔbenfo William Withering na odii kan kaa anglesite ho asɛm wɔ 1783 mu de, nanso nkyerɛkyerɛmu bi a edi kan fi Franseni aboɔden abo ho ɔbenfo Antoine-Grimoald Monnet hɔ wɔ 1779 mu.

Monnet frɛɛ ɔbo no Vitriol de plumb , Franse kasa mu asɛmfua a ɛkyerɛ “sulfure kɔbere.” Franseni nnuruyɛfo Joseph-Louis Proust de edin koro no ara dii dwuma wɔ 1787 mu.

Wɔ 1782 mu no, Swedenni nnuruyɛfo Torbern Bergman de edin a ɛte saa ara dii dwuma, Plumbum acido vitriolico mineralisatum , a ɛkyerɛ “Kɔbere a wɔde sulfuric acid ayɛ no mineral.”

Awiei koraa wɔ 1832 mu no, Franseni asase ho nimdefo François Sulpice Beudant de edin “anglesite” no bae.

Sɛ wosakra gya a, mfaso bɛn na ɛwɔ anglesite so?

Anglesite Ayaresa Nneɛma

Sɛ́ ɔbo a ɛtaa yɛ fitaa a ɛsa yare , anglesite ahwehwɛ ntease no da aboɔden abo fitaa afoforo de adi , na ɛde ahotew ne ahobammɔ su ahorow ma. Bio nso, wobu anglesite sɛ abotiri chakra ɔbo a etu mpɔn .

Nipadua mu Ayaresa

Wɔ honam fam no, wogye di sɛ anglesite boa ma wɔsa ɔhaw ahorow a ɛfa:

• Mogya a ɛkɔ nipadua no mu

• Asoroben

• Akuru a ennyaa ayaresa

• Honam ani tebea horow

• Mogya mmoroso ho nhyehyɛe

Nkate mu Ayaresa

Anglesite metaphysical su ahorow nso betumi aboa wo wɔ nkate fam, efisɛ ebia ahwehwɛ no bɛma woagye w’ahome na woayɛ komm, titiriw bere a woredwennwen nneɛma ho no. Wɔkyerɛ nso sɛ ɛma adwene mu da hɔ na ɛboa wo ma woda w’akɔnnɔ adi.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Anglesite Aboɔden Aboɔ Nneɛma a Ɛwɔ Hɔ

Anglesite bo a ɛsom no gyina ne kɔla, ne twitwa, ne hyerɛn, sɛnea emu da hɔ, sɛnea ɛda adi pefee, ne mu duru a ɛyɛ carat, ne sɛnea wɔde sa yare no so.

Ahosuo

Kɔla bɛn na ɛyɛ anglesite? Mpɛn pii no, anglesite yɛ fitaa, enni kɔla, anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ hann. Ebetumi ayɛ ahabammono, bruu, borɔdɔma, fitaa, ne kɔkɔɔ nso. Kɔla a wɔntaa nhu ne violet. Aboɔden abo dodow no ara yɛ kɔkɔɔ, enni kɔla, anaa bruu a ɛyɛ hann.

Nea ɛde anglesite kɔla ba no betumi ayɛ elemental anaa mineral efĩ, te sɛ nkekae a ɛyɛ bruu a efi limonite anaasɛ nkekae a ɛyɛ fitaa kosi tuntum a efi galena mu.

Nhwɛsode binom wɔ nhama a ɛyɛ fitaa ne tuntum bere a wɔatwitwa no, na ɛda galena no fã bi a ɛnsakrae adi. Anglesite abo afoforo nso betumi ayɛ nea ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow pii a ɛwɔ mmeae a ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ ne nea enni kɔla anaa fitaa.

Twitwa & Luster na ɛyɛ

Ɛmfa ho sɛ anglesites binom apete kɛse (kɔla a ɛhyerɛn) na ɛhyerɛn no, wɔn hardness ranking a ɛba fam , cleavage pa, ne kɔbere a ɛwɔ mu no ma ɛyɛ den sɛ wobetwitwa faceted anglesites na nyansa nnim sɛ wɔbɛhyɛ. Nanso, anglesite aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ afã horow no ho yɛ na koraa na ɛsom bo ma wɔn a wɔboaboa ano no.

Mpɛn pii no, anglesite ba sɛ prismatic crystals anaa asase so nneɛma. Ahwehwɛ a eye sen biara no wɔ hann a ɛhyerɛn na ɛyɛ adamantine. Wobetumi atwitwa nhwɛsode akɛse te sɛ nea wɔde nhama ayɛ a galena wɔ mfinimfini no mu na/anaasɛ wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ.

Wɔtɔn ahwehwɛ pii a ɛyɛ fɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw (wɔntwitwaa).

Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee & Nsɛm a ɛda adi pefee

Sɛ emu da hɔ a ɛba fam, a ɛkyerɛ nneɛma a wɔde ka ho a wotumi hu kɛse , betumi ama ɔbo bi a ɛda adi pefee, sɛnea ɛtra hɔ kyɛ, ne ne bo so tew. Esiane sɛ anglesites a ɛyɛ mmerɛw no ho yɛ na sen sɛ ɛyɛ translucent to opaque specimens nti, transparency a ɛkorɔn no som bo kɛse.

Nneɛma a ebetumi aka anglesite ho ne galena ne akisikuru a wɔasa no fã bi.

Carat Mu duru & Ne Kɛse

Ɛwom sɛ ebinom facetable anglesite rough sɛ yield faceted gems bɛboro 100 carats, dodow no ara faceted anglesites yɛ 1-6 cts. Anglesite ahorow bi a ɛyɛ soronko, a ɛwɔ afã akɛse ne:

• 171.12 cts (Morocco; borɔdɔma; wonnim sɛ wɔatwa) .

• 169 cts (Morocco; kɔkɔɔ; scissors anammɔn a wɔatwa) .

• 126 cts (Morocco; sika kɔkɔɔ-biribiri a ɛyɛ mmerɛw) .

• 88.75 carats (Namibia; kɔkɔɔ; ahinanan a ɛte sɛ funnaka) .

• 73 cts (Morocco; kɔkɔɔ-akutu; ntama a wɔde hyɛ mu) .

Sɛnea ebia woasusuw no, rough a wɔde twa anglesite aboɔden abo akɛse no mu dodow no ara fi Morocco ne Namibia.

Mpɛn pii no, anglesite ahwehwɛ a wɔayɛ no yiye no tenten du bɛyɛ sɛntimita 15.

Ayaresa ahorow

Ayaresa a wɔde sa anglesite no ntaa mma, nanso biako a ɛka ho ne amber -red anglesite crystals kuw bi (a wɔantwa) a efi Morocco. Wɔ 1980 mfe no mu no, aboɔden abo ho animdefo hui sɛ abo no yɛ anglesites a enni kɔla anaasɛ ɛyɛ kɔkɔɔ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ankasa a wɔayɛ no fitaa ma ayɛ amber-red anaasɛ orangish-yellow.

Ná kɔla a wɔayɛ ho adwuma no yɛ nea ɛwɔ soro nkutoo, enti na wobetumi asan akɔ akyi denam abo no a wɔde bɛhyɛ bromide nsu a wɔde afra mu no so. (Hyɛ no nsow: Ɛsɛ sɛ wogyaw bromine a wɔde bedi dwuma no ma abenfo na ama wɔanya ahobammɔ).

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Anglesite Formation & Nneɛma a Wɔde Yɛ Adwuma

Anglesite yɛ aboɔden aboɔ a ɛtɔ so mmienu, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛba berɛ a aboɔden aboɔ foforɔ sesa ɛnam nneɛma a atwa yɛn ho ahyia anaa nnuru mu nsakraeɛ nti. Ɛha yi, kɔbere sulfide ahorow (galena titiriw) kɔ oxidation mu, na ɛdan anglesite.

Abotan bɛn na wohu anglesite wɔ mu? Wohu Anglesite wɔ abotan a asakra ne kɔbere a wim tebea asɛe no mu, titiriw mmeae a ɛwɔ soro no.

Mmeae a Wɔtu Tuo

Ɛhe na wohu anglesite? Bere a wohu aboɔden abo no wɔ mmeae pii no, ebinom pɛ na wɔyɛ ahwehwɛ a ɛte sɛ aboɔden abo a ɛwɔ kɔla ahorow a wɔpɛ. Nneɛma a wonya fi mu kɛse ne Namibia ne Morocco. Mpɔtam afoforo a ɛho hia ne:

• U.S.A. (Arizona, Idaho, Mexico Foforo, Pennsylvania, Utah)

• Australia

• Brazil

• Germany

• Italy

• Mexico

• Russia

• Slovenia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Tasmania na ɛwɔ hɔ

• Tunisia na ɛwɔ hɔ

• UK (England, Scotland, Wales) .

Ɛwom sɛ mprempren Anglesey Supɔw so nhwɛsode ahorow sua na ɛnyɛ den de, nanso nhwɛsode dedaw no som bo yiye.

Mfonini no fi: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Anglesite Bo & Ne Bo

Ɛnyɛ nwonwa sɛ faceted anglesites (titiriw akɛse) na ne bo yɛ den sen biara.

Faceted anglesite aboɔden abo fi $40 kosi $200 wɔ carat biako mu, ɛwom sɛ ebinom tumi du $415 wɔ carat biako mu de. Dodow no ara tɔ bɛyɛ dɔla 75 wɔ carat biara mu.

Ankorankoro gemmy anglesite ahwehwɛ fi bɛyɛ $40-$50 wɔ low awiei ne kosi $2,100 + wɔ soro awiei.

Nea etwa to no, momma yɛnkɔ aboɔden abo a wɔhwɛ so .

Anglesite Hwɛ ne Nsiesiei

Nea edi kan koraa no, anglesite mu nneɛma nketenkete betumi ayɛ awuduru kɛse sɛ wobɛhome, wobɛwe, anaasɛ wobɛka wo honam ani. Nea ɛka ho no, ne denden a ɛba fam no kyerɛ sɛ ɛnyɛ den sɛ ebetumi ayi nneɛma nketenkete afi mu bere a wɔabɔ no.

Ahobammɔ ho afotu bi ni :

1. Mfa anglesite nhyɛ agude mu.

2. Ntwitwa, ntwitwiw, anaa nsɛe ɔbo no a wunhia ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe pa (sɛ nhwɛso no, mframa a wɔde fa mu, nnwinnade a wɔde bɔ wo ho ban, nea wɔde siw ano, ne nea wosiesie no yiye).

3. Hyɛ nsateaa bere a woredi anglesite ho dwuma no na hohoro wo nsa bere a woadi ho dwuma awie no.

4. Ma ɔbo no nkɔ akyirikyiri fi afieboa ne mmofra ho.

5. Di ɔbo no ho dwuma mpɛn pii sɛnea wubetumi.

Ɛyɛ papa sɛ wode anglesite bɛto ade a wɔde kyerɛ nneɛma a wɔato mu mu. Ɔbo no nso tumi te ɔhyew ne acid nka.

Mfonini no fie: Rob Lavinsky, iRocks.com – CC-BY-SA-3.0

Angling a Wobɛhwehwɛ Anglesite Crystal?

Ɛwom sɛ ebia wonim anglesite kɛse sɛ wɔde di dwuma wɔ mfiridwuma mu de, nanso ne ahwehwɛ no yɛ nneɛma a wɔde kyerɛ a wɔmfa nyɛ hwee. Sɛ wode ahobammɔ ho nhyehyɛe a ɛfata di dwuma a, anglesite betumi ayɛ ade fɛfɛ a wode bɛka w’atenae ho!

Kɔtɔ anglesite ne aboɔden abo afoforo a wɔntaa nhu nnɛ!