Sphene, also known as titanite, is a rare calcium titanium silicate mineral. It is prized as a gemstone due to its striking brilliance and fire, which often rivals that of diamond. Its name derives from the Greek word “sphenos,” meaning “wedge,” referring to its typical crystal shape.

Key Characteristics:

1. Color: Sphene occurs in a variety of colors, including green, yellow, brown, orange, and reddish hues. The green variety is often the most sought after in jewelry.

2. Luster: It has an adamantine to resinous luster.

3. Fire: Sphene exhibits high dispersion, splitting light into a rainbow of colors, making it highly sparkly under proper lighting.

4. Hardness: It has a Mohs hardness of 5-5.5, making it relatively soft and suitable for occasional wear in jewelry.

5. Clarity: Sphene stones often contain inclusions, but clean specimens are more valuable.

6. Crystal Structure: It crystallizes in the monoclinic system, forming wedge-shaped crystals.

7. Refractive Index: It has a high refractive index (1.843–2.110), contributing to its brilliance.

Locations:

Sphene is found in regions like Brazil, Madagascar, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Russia, and Canada.

Uses:

Due to its softness, sphene is typically used in earrings, pendants, or as a collector’s gem. Its unique optical properties make it a favorite among gem enthusiasts. It is also valued for its use in scientific research due to its high titanium content.

Would you like more details on its geology, or perhaps tips for gemstone care?